山楂标准汤剂的HPLC特征图谱研究

为了进一步研究山楂配方颗粒的质量控制方法,以山楂标准汤剂为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱仪与GL science C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸为流动相,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,应用特征图谱技术以及中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件提取山楂标准汤剂特征图谱中的特征成分。研究表明,15批山楂标准汤剂中共确定了7个特征峰,分离度较好,且峰面积较大,易于识别,使用参照物标定了3个特征峰成分,各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD值小于2.5%。所建立的山楂标准汤剂HPLC特征图谱方法可靠、稳定,为山楂配方颗粒质量控制提供了一定的参考。     

基于全程质量控制理念的杜仲颗粒特征图谱研究

为明确杜仲颗粒生产过程中水溶性成分的转移情况,提供更为全面的质量控制方法,采用HPLC法对杜仲饮片、杜仲叶饮片、标准煎液与杜仲颗粒的特征图谱进行了相关性评价。使用Phenomenex(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为227 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,考察提取方式、提取溶剂及时间的影响。结果表明,选用超声提取方式,以甲醇作为提取溶剂,反应时间为20 min时获得的效果较好;在此优化条件下建立特征图谱分析方法,能够使得杜仲颗粒的药效物质基础与药材保持一致,样品质量稳定,制备工艺规范,几个特征峰可全部在饮片中得到追溯,各共有峰的相对保留时间小于0.5%。所建立的特征图谱专属性强,重复性好,可有效鉴别和评价杜仲颗粒的质量,为制定系列品种的全面质量控制方法提供参考。     

枳实标准汤剂质量研究

为更好地评价不同产地的枳实标准汤剂,建立了枳实标准汤剂中辛弗林含量及特征图谱的测定方法。采用高效液相色谱仪与InertSustain AQ-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5.0μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-磷酸二氢钾溶液为流动相,柱温为28℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为225 nm,对枳实标准汤剂中辛弗林含量、特征图谱进行了测定。结果显示,15批枳实标准汤剂出膏率均值为15.14%,范围为10.50%～19.91%,RSD为19.31%;辛弗林含量(质量分数)均值为9.07 mg/g,范围为5.92～15.21 mg/g,RSD为33.05%;辛弗林含量转移率均值为22.65%,范围为10.24%～47.70%,RSD为45.92%;15批枳实标准汤剂共确定7个共有峰,各峰相对保留时间均在±5%内,相对峰面积RSD均大于100%,相似度为0.655～0.936。这表明,不同产地的枳实出膏率、辛弗林含量及含量转移率较稳定;不同产地的枳实标准汤剂各成分间差异较大。经方法学考察认为,枳实标准汤剂中辛弗林含量及特征图谱的测定方法稳定,具有较高的重复性、稳定性及可信度,可用于枳实标准汤剂的质量评价,可为进一步深入研究枳实配方颗粒提供参考。     

浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱及4种核苷类成分定量研究

为了实现浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制和评价,采用高效液相色谱法,以Waters XSelect^? HSS T3(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)为色谱柱,在甲醇-水为流动相、梯度洗脱、柱温为30℃、流速为1.0 mL/min、检测波长为260 nm的条件下,建立了浮小麦配方颗粒的特征图谱及4种核苷类成分的含量测定方法。共确定了13批浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱中的8个共有峰,并全部获得指认,分别为尿嘧啶、胞苷、次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、色氨酸、腺苷,各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均小于2.0%。尿嘧啶、尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷分别在0.001 9～0.047 3 mg/mL、0.003 9～0.098 2 mg/mL、0.002 8～0.070 1 mg/mL、0.002 9～0.073 0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000 0),平均加样回收率分别为99.0%、100.7%、101.2%、101.8%。所建立的核苷类成分含量测定方法准确、高效、重复性好,可用于浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制。     

葛根水煎剂和配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱相关性研究

为了能全面准确地反映葛根配方颗粒和水煎剂成分的一致性和葛根配方颗粒替代传统饮片的可行性,对葛根配方颗粒和水煎剂的特征图谱进行了相关性研究。采用华谱XAqua C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%冰醋酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为250nm,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为25℃,采集时间为41min,分别建立10批葛根水煎剂和10批葛根配方颗粒的特征图谱。结果表明,10批葛根配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱的8个特征峰均可在水煎剂中得到追踪,相似度均大于0.99,并从8个共有峰中指认出葛根素。葛根水煎剂和配方颗粒的主要化学成分基本相同,且共有成分含量比例相近,为中药配方颗粒替代传统饮片的可行性以及临床研究提供了重要依据。     

基于相关性的麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱研究

为更好地评价麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的一致性,分别建立麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的HPLC特征图谱,使用Wondasil C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,分别得到10批麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的特征图谱,并进行关联性分析。结果表明,麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱中的13个共有峰均能在水煎剂中得到追踪,11个共有峰可在饮片中得到追踪。经方法学考察认为,所建立的麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱方法稳定,具有较高的重复性、稳定性及可信度,可用于麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的一致性评价,也可为麻黄配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁的含量

为了提升石椒草质量评价的效率,提出了用HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁的含量。通过对流动相、检测波长、色谱柱、提取溶剂及提取时间等因素的考察,最终确定了HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁含量的最佳测定条件,即采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-1%冰醋酸溶液(体积比为30∶70)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为257 nm,柱温为25℃。结果表明,芦丁进样量为0.093 34～1.166 75μg(R²=0.999 2)时与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的RSD均小于2%,平均加样回收率为99.49%,RSD为1.6%。所建立的测定石椒草中芦丁含量的HPLC法,结果准确可靠,供试品制备简便,且具有高灵敏度、高准确性,可为石椒草质量评价标准及质量控制提供数据支持。     

瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性

为了建立基于饮片特征图谱预测瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量指标的方法,探究瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量与饮片特征图谱的相关性。利用特征图谱对瞿麦（石竹）原料中不同药用部位的化学成分进行表征,明确差异峰,统计15批饮片特征图谱中差异峰占总特征峰的峰面积比值（α值）;同时依据国药瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒标准对制备的15批饮片瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量等指标进行测定;采用Pearson相关性分析方法对饮片特征图谱中的α值与配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量进行相关性分析,建立回归模型,并采用具有生产规模的6批瞿麦（石竹）原料、配方颗粒质量参数进行验证。结果表明：王不留行黄酮苷峰和皂草苷峰在饮片中不同药用部位的特征图谱存在相对峰面积差异,15批饮片中二者峰面积总和的α值为0.45～0.83;通过Pearson相关性分析发现,瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的总黄酮含量、出膏率、浸出物含量与α值呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,总黄酮含量与α值极强相关,出膏率、浸出物含量与α值强相关;依据相关性建立的3个回归模型,所得R²均大于0.7,模型拟合度较高,通过6批数据的验证发现预测值和实测值的相对标准偏差均小于15%,说明模型有较好的准确性。研究利用原料特征图谱中的α值能够初步预测所得瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒的各指标范围,并可实现源头控制瞿麦（石竹）配方颗粒质量,保证所得配方颗粒质量的可控性。     

辛紫通鼻颗粒HPLC多波长融合指纹图谱研究

目的研究建立辛紫通鼻颗粒的高效液相色谱多波长融合指纹图谱分析方法,为辛紫通鼻颗粒的质量控制提供依据。方法色谱柱为Waters Symmetry C_(18)(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm);混合流动相:流动相A为乙腈、流动相B为0.15 moL·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠水溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长250 nm、280 nm、327nm,柱温26℃。结果建立了辛紫通鼻颗粒指纹图谱,标示出15个共有峰,10批样品相似度均在0.987～0.998之间。结论:建立的多波长融合指纹图谱可用于辛紫通鼻颗粒的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸咪唑苯脲的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定盐酸咪唑苯脲的含量。采用Amethyst C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);以乙腈-缓冲液(缓冲液为5mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠溶液,含0.1%(体积分数)三乙胺,用冰乙酸调节pH值为3.2)为流动相,乙腈与缓冲液体积比为30︰70;流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长为239nm;柱温为30℃。在39.32～137.62μg/mL范围内,盐酸咪唑苯脲峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 3),平均回收率约为99.50%(n=9),RSD值约为0.52%。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.