完善我国农村金融体系思考——基于国外发达农村金融体系的分析

农村金融是影响我国农村经济发展的核心要素,对促进农村地区的农业生产发展、农民生活水平提高及农村改革进步等具有重要意义。完善的农村金融服务体系,是盘活农村金融资源的基础和关键,直接影响着农村地区金融业健康发展,间接影响农村经济整体状况的提高。对国外发达农村金融体系的分析研究,有助于完善我国农村金融服务体系。     

西双版纳农村金融产品和服务方式创新的现状、问题及对策

<正>农村金融产品和服务方式创新,是全面改进和提升农村金融服务,加强信贷结构调整的重要抓手;是新形势下缓解农村和农民贷款难、促进城乡公共金融服务均等化和支持社会主义新农村建设的有效途径;是盘活农村资源,促进农业增效,农民增收的重要手段。     

关于完善农村金融体制的思考

改革开放以来,我国基本上建立了以合作金融为主体,商业金融、政策金融、合作金融分工协作的农村金融体系,初步改变了农村金融功能混淆、利益冲突、机构单一的局面。但目前农村金融存在的诸多问题仍然制约着农业结构调整、农村经济发展和农民增收,农业效益低、农民贷款难、农村金融服务缺位三者之间互为关联, 直接或间接地导致了农村金融的边缘化。     

社会主义新农村建设与农村金融服务体系重构的思考

建设社会主义新农村对金融支持“三农”提出了新的要求,随着农业和农村经济的发展,农户对金融服务的需求呈现日益扩大及多元化的趋势。当前,我国农村金融服务体系薄弱和供给不足,严重影响了农村经济结构调整和制约了农民增收。本文仅以吉林省德惠市为例,分析农村金融服务体系发展现状和存在的问题,并提出构建新农村金融服务体系的建议。     

浅议农村金融体制改革

资金不足、贷款困难是农民反映最强烈的问题之一，农村金融体制改革滞后，几乎成了制约农村发展的瓶颈。《中共中央国务院关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见》(一号文件)提出了改革和创新农村金融体制的政策措施，明确了改革的指导思想。从农村实际和农民需要出发，有利于增加农户和企业贷款，有利于改善农村金融服务。     

互联网金融背景下农村金融发展路径研究

互联网现在在各个领域的应用十分广泛,农村金融也需要互联网,它的优势也不断有创新涌现。农村经济需要农村金融的支撑,但最近几年传统农村金融出现了金融抑制问题,很多金融机构撤销农村网点,资金和人员等都往城镇转移。不过近几年来移动手机和移动互联网在农村地区的快速发展使这一问题出现了解决的途径。目前政府也高度重视农村金融发展,如在第八届H中全会上就提出了通过发展普惠金融带动农村经济和农民增收。那么,如何将新兴的互联网信息技术与农村金融相结合,如何使农民、金融机构巧互联网优势互补、互取所需,是本文研究的主要内容,也是现阶段我国农村金融和农村经济的研究课题。农村金融在服务农村经济建设方面发挥了极其重要的作用,在我国城镇化推进进程中以及农村金融在受到互联网金融技术的影响,农村金融必须要通过转型发展以适应农村经济的发展。     

深化农村金融体制改革的基本思路

要完成建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民收入，全面建设小康社会的重大任务就必须针对农村低层次经营水平的现状，按照农业产业化的实际需求，深化农村金融体制改革，其目标是建立全方位、多功能、多层次的综合农村金融服务体系，基本思路是建立健全农村资金市场、农村保险市场、农村资本市场、农村基金市场、农村金融服务、农村社会化服务六大体系，促进农村和农业经济结构调整，早日实现小康社会的宏伟目标。     

吉林省农村金融服务水平提升对策探析

当前吉林省农村金融发展中存在着农村信贷资金短缺、农村金融产品创新不足、农业保险缺失等方面的问题,农村金融发展和农民多元化金融服务需求之间的矛盾比较突出,制约了农村金融促进农村经济发展的作用的发挥。应采取落实和完善相关扶持政策、创新符合农村特点的金融产品和服务方式、建立健全农业保险与风险担保制度等政策措施,满足农民和农村经济发展的金融需求,促进吉林省农村经济的快速健康发展。     

完善农村金融体制要从中国农村的实际出发

完善农村金融体制,要从中国农村的实际出发,符合中国农村金融发展的客观规律.必须坚持为农民、农业、农村经济服务的宗旨,从有利于农村资金服务于农村和有利于县域经济发展的目标出发,使政策性金融、商业金融和合作金融相互配合,协调发展.     

农村金融知识宣传普及工作亟待加强

农村金融是现代农村经济的核心。目前,农村地区已经初步形成以银行业金融机构为主,包括保险、证券、担保机构在内的多层次、广覆盖的农村金融机构体系,较好地满足了农村的金融服务需求。但也要看到,农村金融仍然是金融体系中最薄弱的环节,尤其是农民金融知识匮乏已经成为发展农村金融的瓶颈,如何提高农民的金融知识普及程度已经成为发展农村金融的一个重要环节。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.