基于特征分析的创业机会识别模型构建

创业机会已成为创业领域研究的一个热点问题,从创业机会的主要特征风险性与盈利性并存、顾客依赖性、环境适应性、时间有效性和资源的可获得性等着手进行创业机会识别模型的构建,并对机会识别模型的各因素进行分析,从而达到帮助创业者正确地识别创业机会的目的。     

针对老年人养老创业机会评价重要指标序列的实证研究

识别与选择创业机会是一个动态过程,机会评价活动渗透到过程的始末。现在,并没有一个硬性的机会评价指标。并且,老年人养老创业者对机会实施非常规评价时根本不需要根据一些系统的指标模式。本文在Timmons的机会评价体系下对成功的老年人养老创业者与一般老年人养老创业者实施对比分析,给出适合我国老年人养老创业者进行非正式评价以及投资人在实施尽职调查前评定创业机会的一系列核心指标序列。通过分析显示,人的因素是实施老年人养老创业机会评价时最为主要的因素之一。     

社会网络对创业机会识别作用研究回顾与展望

近年来,社会网络问题成为众多学者关注的焦点,社会网络在创业过程中起到至关重要的作用,研究社会网络对创业机会识别的作用,有利于提高创业者的创业成功率,践行"创新发展"的理念,推动创新创业。文章分别对社会网络和创业机会识别的研究现状进行了相关梳理,并对关于社会网络和创业机会识别关系研究进行了系统的回顾与分析,意在深入探讨社会网络对创业机会识别的具体作用因素。提出相关建议,丰富创业相关理论,推动创新创业经济的发展。     

社会资本对返乡创业绩效影响研究

返乡创业正在逐渐成为当代一个突出的社会现象。从返乡创业者社会资本的角度出发,对返乡创业者社会资本的各维度进行了提炼,构建了一个适合于分析返乡创业者社会资本对机会识别和创业绩效产生影响的理论模型,详细分析了社会资本对创业绩效的影响,检验了创业绩效的中介作用。     

企业家社会关系网络、创业机会识别与企业国际创业海外市场选择——基于中小型国际创业企业的实证研究

企业家社会关系网络是否会影响企业国际创业海外市场选择是企业国际化理论研究的重要议题之一。文章在相关文献基础上,以国际创业机会识别与开发为研究视角,提出相关假设,并以京津地区中小国际创业企业为样本进行实证检验。结果显示,利用企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别对企业海外市场运营绩效影响显著;对海外市场目标国的选择虽然不受地理、文化及心理距离影响,却受语言距离显著制约;同时企业年龄及企业家从业经历也成为利于企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别的显著影响因素。本文研究结论将对企业家或创业者海外市场商机获取方式及海外市场选择战略规划具有重要启示。     

论企业家社会胜任力对创业机会识别的影响

本文立足创业活动和网络经济现实情况,借助心理学、管理学、社会学等学科理论,在前人对创业机会识别研究的基础上,增加一个影响创业机会识别的个人特性方面的因素--社会胜任力.社会胜任力是心理科学中的概念,本文将其引入到管理学中,通过理论分析和实证检验,探讨企业家社会胜任力影响创业机会识别的作用机制.实证检验了企业家社会胜任力通过影响网络位置和关系强度而促进创业机会的识别.     

面子、创业失败学习与再创业意向研究综述

创业者在经历创业失败后会进行是否再创业的决策。而创业者能否将创业失败当成重要的学习机会和许多因素相关。本文通过对面子、创业失败学习与再创业意向三者的文献回顾,并从面子对创业失败学习的影响、创业失败学习对再创业意向的影响进行文献梳理和述评;并在此基础上,指出了目前研究的不足,并对未来的研究方向和重点作了展望。     

创业者先前经验研究综述:回顾与展望

本文总结了当前学术界对创业者先前经验研究的内容和角度,从先前经验与创业机会识别、企业资源获取、创业学习以及创业绩效的关系等角度出发,对国内外关于创业者先前经验问题研究的文献进行了梳理,并在此基础上提出了未来研究的热点和方向,以期为我国相关领域的研究提供借鉴。     

创业者先前经验研究综述：回顾与展望

本文总结了当前学术界对创业者先前经验研究的内容和角度,从先前经验与创业机会识别、企业资源获取、创业学习以及创业绩效的关系等角度出发,对国内外关于创业者先前经验问题研究的文献进行了梳理,并在此基础上提出了未来研究的热点和方向,以期为我国相关领域的研究提供借鉴.     

促进中部地区创业企业家阶层兴起的几点思考:创业机会的视角

创业企业家是具有强烈创业动机或企图和具备一定创业特质的善于并且已经捕捉到了市场机会开创了新事业以及进一步推进事业发展的群体。为此,中部地区促进创业企业家阶层兴起也应该将政策的着力点放在激发民众创业动机,提高潜在创业者识别机会的能力以及开发的创业机会的能力上。     

Prior-knowledge and opportunity identification

An entrepreneur’s prior knowledge and experience play a critical role in his ability to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. Although entrepreneurship research has acknowledged the role that prior information and prior knowledge play in opportunity recognition, few studies have explored their role in entrepreneurial discovery. We test the role of a particular prior knowledge in entrepreneurial discovery within a laboratory setting. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Those in the propitious treatment were given prior knowledge that oriented them toward the arbitrage opportunity within the experiment, and those in the unpropitious treatment were given prior knowledge that oriented them away. As hypothesized, those in the propitious treatment were significantly more likely to discover the arbitrage opportunity.     

Entrepreneurial Feminists: Perspectives About Opportunity Recognition and Governance

Interviews were conducted with 15 entrepreneurial feminists to explore how feminist values are enacted in opportunity recognition and organizational structures within the venture-creation process. Results suggest that opportunity recognition aligned with the needs and values of the entrepreneurial feminists. Opportunity construction was defined as ‘I am the market’, ‘building community with women like me’, ‘enabling others’, ‘do more with my life’, and ‘opportunity knocked’. Organizational structures and governance reflected cooperative, collaborative and ethical principles. Implications to feminist theory are discussed.     

Managerial political ties and firm performance during institutional transitions: An analysis of mediating mechanisms

This study examines the role of mediating mechanisms impacting the relationship between managers' political ties and firm performance, with a focus on institutional transitions in China. Relying on both resource dependence and institutional theories, the analysis posits that three factors: organizational regulatory legitimacy building, institutional support, and institutional entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, mediate the relationship between managerial political ties and firm performance. Using survey data collected from 195 Chinese firms, the study concludes that institutional support and institutional entrepreneurial opportunity recognition represent two significant mediating mechanisms by which managerial political ties can result in improved firm performance. But, though a reliance on political utilization enhances organizational regulatory legitimacy, the results show that regulatory legitimacy does not directly contribute to firm performance. This study also discusses theoretical contributions, implications for managers, study limitations, and suggestions for future research.     

International opportunity recognition as a critical component for leveraging Internet capabilities and international market performance

Recent research in the field of international entrepreneurship has emphasized the need for a better conceptualization of international opportunity recognition. Further, with advancements in information and communication technologies, such as the Internet, there has been a profound impact on the way in which international business is conducted, for example, enabling entrepreneurial firms to capitalize on the economic opportunities of an Internet environment. In this study, we propose a model, highlighting the importance of international opportunity recognition, as a critical component for leveraging Internet capabilities and international market performance. Through the lens of a resource capabilities approach, a quantitative, online survey was used to collect data from Australian, international entrepreneurial firms. Structural equation modelling results indicate that international opportunity recognition plays a central role in explaining how resources and Internet capabilities combine for the firm’s realization of international opportunities, and subsequent international performance. The findings enrich current understanding of how international entrepreneurial firms realize opportunities in Internet-based environments.     

In the eye of the beholder: How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition

Although there is evidence that regulatory focus is associated with opportunity exploitation, there is a lack of research examining its role at the early stages of opportunity recognition. The present study makes two major contributions to address this gap. First, we demonstrate that entrepreneurs' promotion focus is positively related to opportunity recognition, whereas prevention focus is not significantly related to opportunity recognition. Second, integrating two theories of self-regulation – regulatory focus theory and self-efficacy theory – our findings reveal that a high promotion focus compensates for entrepreneurs' low levels of creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in opportunity recognition. Our study extends extant cognitive theories of opportunity recognition.     

International Opportunity Recognition among Small and Medium‐Sized Family Firms*

Current research in the field of entrepreneurship emphasizes the importance of opportunity recognition as a key element in the entrepreneurial process. It has been recognized that network ties, activeness and alertness, and prior knowledge are related to how entrepreneurs recognize new opportunities. However, it is unclear how important these factors are when a firm explores opportunities for entry into a foreign market. In this exploratory case study, covering the international opportunity recognition of eight family‐owned small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), we found that the firms in question mainly recognized international opportunities by establishing new formal ties rather than using existing informal or family ties. The findings also indicated that due to the small size and the flexibility of the management team in family SMEs, these firms were able to react quickly to new international opportunities. However, there was no direct relationship between the prior knowledge of the firms and their international opportunity recognition. In addition, we found that trade exhibitions formed the primary context for the international opportunity recognition of the SMEs in this study. These findings motivate a set of five propositions that may lead to further studies on this topic.     

Differences in Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Role of Tacitness and Codification in Opportunity Identification*

The role of opportunities in the entrepreneurial process remains relatively underdeveloped. To address this issue, we develop a definition of an entrepreneurial opportunity and draw upon a distinction from the domain of knowledge management to suggest a continuum of entrepreneurial opportunities ranging from codified to tacit. Though both traditional and contemporary research has examined how individual differences relate to the identification of opportunities, we focus instead on the importance of differences in the opportunities themselves. Specifically, we examine how relative differences in the degree of opportunity tacitness relate to the process of opportunity identification. We find that relatively more codified opportunities are more likely to be discovered through systematic search, whereas more tacit opportunities are more likely to be identified due to prior experience. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of the role of the opportunity in entrepreneurship research and have important implications for economic theories of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial networks, and entrepreneurial education.     

Growth Aspirations and Cultural Support for Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Post-Socialist Countries

Based on GEM data this paper explores whether significantly different growth aspirations of early stage entrepreneurs in Slovenia, compared to those in Hungary and Croatia, are also accompanied by significantly different opportunity recognition, cultural support for entrepreneurship and self-efficacy. Our results suggest that a higher degree of alertness to unexploited perceived opportunities, and cultural support for entrepreneurial motivation may be the cause of higher growth aspirations of Slovenian early stage entrepreneurs, while self-efficacy with regard to entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and experience was not found to be crucial.      

Digital infrastructure and entrepreneurial action-formation: A multilevel study

This study investigates how country-level digital infrastructure shapes the relationships between the action-formation mechanisms of socio-cognitive traits, i.e., entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure, and opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial action. We amalgamate the agent-centric social cognitive theory with the external enabler framework and apply mechanism-based theorizing to explain how access-related mechanisms provided by digital infrastructure influence entrepreneurial action-formation. Based on a multilevel analysis of 344,265 individual-level observations from 46 countries and an additional robustness analysis of 391,119 individuals from 53 countries, we find that an individual's proclivity to starting a new venture is contingent upon the level of the digital infrastructure of a country. The empirical results show that a country's digital infrastructure is an external enabler that moderates the relationship between socio-cognitive traits and entrepreneurial action.