基于特征分析的创业机会识别模型构建

创业机会已成为创业领域研究的一个热点问题,从创业机会的主要特征风险性与盈利性并存、顾客依赖性、环境适应性、时间有效性和资源的可获得性等着手进行创业机会识别模型的构建,并对机会识别模型的各因素进行分析,从而达到帮助创业者正确地识别创业机会的目的。     

论企业家社会胜任力对创业机会识别的影响

本文立足创业活动和网络经济现实情况,借助心理学、管理学、社会学等学科理论,在前人对创业机会识别研究的基础上,增加一个影响创业机会识别的个人特性方面的因素--社会胜任力.社会胜任力是心理科学中的概念,本文将其引入到管理学中,通过理论分析和实证检验,探讨企业家社会胜任力影响创业机会识别的作用机制.实证检验了企业家社会胜任力通过影响网络位置和关系强度而促进创业机会的识别.     

社会网络对创业机会识别作用研究回顾与展望

近年来,社会网络问题成为众多学者关注的焦点,社会网络在创业过程中起到至关重要的作用,研究社会网络对创业机会识别的作用,有利于提高创业者的创业成功率,践行"创新发展"的理念,推动创新创业。文章分别对社会网络和创业机会识别的研究现状进行了相关梳理,并对关于社会网络和创业机会识别关系研究进行了系统的回顾与分析,意在深入探讨社会网络对创业机会识别的具体作用因素。提出相关建议,丰富创业相关理论,推动创新创业经济的发展。     

社会资本对大学生创业机会识别的影响模型构建研究 ——基于创业警觉性的中介作用

本文在对国内以及国外的相关文献知识进行梳理的基础上,构建了基于创业警觉性为中介变量的社会资本对湖北省大学生创业机会识别影响的理论模型.     

试论创业机会的识别与评价问题

在寻找创业机会时,要在经济政策、市场研究中进行,应该立足于市场,对市场进行分析,了解现在市场、潜在市场、衍生市场存在的顾客需求,新技术、新变化带来的市场变动和顾客需求变化,选择好一个创业机会后,并对其在实践层面进行分析、策划,以期其真的能够运用到市场中,并取得预期收益。     

浅谈创业机会的识别过程

随着我国经济的发展,创业活动深入到社会的各个角落。创业机会的准确把握是创业成功的前提,那么如何去把握这种机会呢?本文将从创业机会的来源、时机、发现与形成机制及评价等内容进行分析。论述创业机会的识别过程,为我国创业理论的发展及创业实践提供理论基础。     

创新创业课程对大学生识别创业机会的影响研究

随着我国就业形势日趋严重,推动大众创业、万众创新,使创业带动就业倍增效应进一步释放,是全面推进经济发展的双引擎。本文从创业学习理论模型入手,分析创业学习者具有的个性特质、社会关系网、先验知识对创业机会识别的影响,并且介绍三种培养创意探索与创业机会识别的方法。     

企业家社会关系网络、创业机会识别与企业国际创业海外市场选择——基于中小型国际创业企业的实证研究

企业家社会关系网络是否会影响企业国际创业海外市场选择是企业国际化理论研究的重要议题之一。文章在相关文献基础上,以国际创业机会识别与开发为研究视角,提出相关假设,并以京津地区中小国际创业企业为样本进行实证检验。结果显示,利用企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别对企业海外市场运营绩效影响显著;对海外市场目标国的选择虽然不受地理、文化及心理距离影响,却受语言距离显著制约;同时企业年龄及企业家从业经历也成为利于企业家社会关系网络进行国际创业机会识别的显著影响因素。本文研究结论将对企业家或创业者海外市场商机获取方式及海外市场选择战略规划具有重要启示。     

创业机会来源研究

创业机会是一种满足未满足有效需要的可能性,它可以视为市场需求和企业家精神的一个交集,机会的来源是影响现有市场均衡的因素。创业机会的出现往往是因为环境变动、市场不协调或混乱、信息滞后及其他因素的影响。     

国内外创业机会识别文献综述

本文按照创业机会以及机会识别的内涵-创业机会识别的前因及结果变量-创业机会识别的三大模型的思路梳理,总结了现有研究的不足,并对未来研究进行展望。     

A Network-based Approach on Opportunity Recognition

This paper argues that individuals differ in terms of their perception of opportunities because of the differences between the networks they are embedded in. We focus on two aspects of individuals embeddedness in networks, that is, (1) individuals belonging to residential areas that are more or less likely to be characterized by network cohesion, and (2) individuals differential access to network contacts based on the level of human capital they hold. Our analyses show that the nature of ones residential area influences the perception of entrepreneurial opportunities. Further, we find a positive effect for education, i.e., people with a higher educational level are more likely to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities compared to those with a lower educational level.     

A Model of Social Entrepreneurial Discovery

Social entrepreneurship activity continues to surge tremendously in market and economic systems around the world. Yet, social entrepreneurship theory and understanding lag far behind its practice. For instance, the nature of the entrepreneurial discovery phenomenon, a critical area of inquiry in general entrepreneurship theory, receives no attention in the specific context of social entrepreneurship. To address the gap, we conceptualize social entrepreneurial discovery based on an extension of corporate social responsibility into social entrepreneurship contexts. We develop a model that emphasizes mobilization and timing as underpinnings of social entrepreneurial discovery and offer distinct conceptual aspects and theoretic propositions instrumental to future social entrepreneurship research.     

An Essay on the Origins of Entrepreneurial Opportunity

In this article, we apply a process of logical inference to draw conclusions about the origins of entrepreneurial opportunity from existing conversations in the field of strategic management. We equate the execution of a competitive strategy – as described in the strategic management literature – to the exploitation of an entrepreneurial opportunity – as described in the entrepreneurship literature. Given this assumption, we survey five extant theories of strategy in an attempt to categorize and describe the circumstances that define how and with what consequence entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation results in future opportunity. Given this review, we characterize the `outcomes’ of strategy execution as a function of the ‹match’ between strategy and environment in an effort to extend and refine Holcombe’s [Holcombe, Randall, 2003, Review of Austrian Economics 16(1), 25–43] position that entrepreneurial opportunity is born of prior entrepreneurial action.

‘Let your hook always be cast; in the pool where you least expect it, there will be a fish.’ Ovid, A.D. 17

     

What is an Entrepreneurial Opportunity?

The nature and source of entrepreneurial opportunity are important issues for understanding how markets function and come into being. In addition to describing the forum held on the topic and summarizing the contributions of the articles that appear in the special issue, this article shares a number of lessons learned during the workshop and the editorial process. We explore three of the most important reasons for confusion about the opportunity construct: (1) the “objectivity” of opportunity, (2) the perceived importance of one particular individual in determining the direction of the social world and (3) what distinguishes the sub-class of “entrepreneurial” opportunity from the broader category of opportunity in general. Finally, we offer some directions for future research by illuminating important issues that emerged from the workshop but that remain largely unanswered by the papers of this special issue.      

创业机会概念模型探讨

一个能够较为全面地反映创业机会特征的定义应该是:其原初形态表现为模糊的市场需求或资源能力,但在一定的环境因素作用下,会有市场需求明确、产品服务创造、供需双方交易等可能事件发生,创新是其灵魂.一个能够相对完整地描述创业机会全貌的概念模型应该包括:市场需求维度或资源能力维度构成的原初形态、市场需求维度和产品服务维度构成的可能事件、促成创业机会由原初形态到可能事件发生的环境因素,并且它们之间服从乘法原理.     

“3T-S”创业时机决策模型构建研究

创业时机是一切创业活动的起点。创业者在不同的时机决策入场和其成长速度相当大程度上决定了创业的规模和存活率。未来充满不确定的要素,本文清晰地提出四个可确定的关键要素,即两大不可逆要素"时间"(Time)和"科技"(Technology)与两大可逆要素"创业团队"(Team)与"社会环境"(Society),并将四者构建成"3T-S"创业时机决策模型。该模型有利于创业者合理评估创业时机的选择,对提高创业存活率、预测创业方向、创造创新第二曲线有重要的理论现实价值,也有利于投资人在投资时机的决策。     

Strategic Entrepreneurs at Work: The Nature,Discovery, and Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities

What do entrepreneurial opportunities look like? How do firms discover and exploit these opportunities to create value and sustain competitive advantage? This paper reviews the strategic management and entrepreneurship literatures to identify the nature and character of entrepreneurial opportunities and the entrepreneurial strategies that firms employ to seize and commercialize these opportunities. Three emerging schools are identified. The economic school argues that entrepreneurial opportunities exist as a result of the distribution of information about material resources in society. The cultural cognitive school argues that entrepreneurial opportunities exist as a result of environmental ambiguity and the cultural resources available to interpret and define these opportunities. Finally, the sociopolitical school stresses the role of network and political structures in defining entrepreneurial opportunities. We integrate these perspectives to offer a way to improve understanding of the opportunity creation and exploitation process.     

社会网络对企业家战略执行能力影响的实证分析——来自中小民营企业的证据

企业家的社会网络是企业的战略资源之一,其对企业家战略执行能力的改善起着重要作用。对中小民营企业的实证研究表明,企业家的社会网络对其战略执行能力有显著的正向影响,而且不同类型社会网络的影响有所不同。其中,市场网络和专家网络对企业家战略执行能力都有显著的影响,而且市场网络的影响大于专家网络的影响,公共网络则没有对企业家战略执行能力产生显著的正向影响。因此,为了改善其战略执行能力,企业家在全面重视其社会网络的作用基础上,首先需要加强其市场网络的建设,然后需要改善与其专家网络的关系。     

敏捷虚拟企业市场机遇分析与识别

敏捷虚拟企业是为了适应快速发展的市场环境,而由具有不同核心能力的企业所组成的动态联合 体。如果能及时发现机遇,把握商机,就能够增强企业的竞争力和战斗力,为企业发展带来新的契机。 通过对市场机遇分析,阐述如何寻找和发现市场机遇,并建立市场机遇识别指标体系。     

基于BP网络学习算法的英文字符识别

介绍了BP神经网络的基本原理,指出了BP算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部及小值等缺陷,在标准BP算法的基础上引入了几种优化BP算法的方法。针对模式识别应用领域,通过实例,运用Matlab编程对各种较好的网络学习算法的性能进行比较,给出了一个三层BP网络识别含噪声的字母的实例。实验结果表明,改进的BP算法有效地提高了BP算法的收敛速度。