哈萨克斯坦民族关系与民族政策浅析

哈萨克斯坦共和国位于欧洲和亚州交界处,领土横跨亚欧两洲,包括东欧乌拉尔地区和中亚地区,西濒临里海。国名取自其最大民族哈萨克族,原为苏联加盟共和国之一,作为原苏联的加盟共和国,哈萨克斯坦吸取了大量前苏联的民族政策经验,为了维护国家统一与社会稳定.积极推行强化哈萨克族主体性的政策,倡导文化多元化、努力淡化民族意识。哈萨克斯坦的民族政策总体来说取得了一定的成效。较好地维护了哈萨克斯坦稳定、和谐与发展。     

西班牙国企改革经验与借鉴

西班牙的国企民营化从1996年6月开始.在过去的三年里,西班牙政府先后对国有企业进行民营化达30多次,收入总计达4.7万亿比赛塔(约合330多亿美元).西班牙的国有企业民营化进程在范围广、规模大的前提下进行得有条不紊,得到了西班牙各界的理解和称道,其具体做法如下:     

进一步发展我国与西班牙经贸关系

近年来 ,我国和西班牙之间的经济技术合作和科技文化交流出现了良好的发展势头 ,但也存在一些问题。本文认为 ,我国和西班牙之间的经贸发展前景广阔 ,并提出从7个方面进一步推动双方经贸发展的建议。     

均衡发展——欧盟区域政策在西班牙和葡萄牙的实践

位于伊比利亚半岛的西班牙和葡萄牙是欧盟中的穷国,均于1986年加入欧盟.在欧盟区域政策,尤其是欧盟结构基金的支持下,两国经济发展水平与欧盟平均水平的差距逐渐缩小.     

刷刷西班牙

世界杯1/8决赛中两牙相争,西班牙将葡萄牙赶回了家,毫不相干的高露洁跳出来指着西班牙：“毫无疑问,它选择了高露洁！”     

新加坡的民族政策及对我国民族政策的启示

新加坡通过多元的民族政策,在政治、文化、宗教等方面都取得了显著的成效。从1965年独立以来,在新加坡几乎没有发生过民族冲突,这对我国的民族政策发展提供了有益的借鉴。     

寻找西班牙式创意——西班牙创意案例赏析

注重媒体传播实效、广告创新技术和实物拼贴艺术,几个案例表现出来的,不仅是西班牙高超的创意水平,还让我们用欣赏的眼光领略到一番独特的情趣。     

西班牙成立会议局联盟

西班牙的马拉加一太阳海岸会议局与希洪会议局日前宣布将联合起来,共同建立目的地推广和营销联盟。     

西班牙建筑与室内设计奖

由西班牙陶瓷协会举办的第八届西班牙建筑与室内设计大奖日前揭晓,巴塞罗那OAB设计事务所设计的贝尼多姆市西海滩散步道获得建筑类大奖,     

Ethnic Marketing Ethics

Culture plays an important role in defining ethics standards because dissimilar cultures socialize their people differently, according to what is acceptable behaviour. The potential significance of ethnic groups for marketing justifies inquiry into the moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct exercised in marketing decisions and situations arising from decisions whether or not to focus on individual ethnic groups within an economy. Identifying and targeting ethnic groups for marketing purposes are tasks fraught with many ethical difficulties. In a multicultural society consisting of a dominant group and many diverse, minority groups defined by ethnicity, these problems can be expected to increase substantially. Consequently, marketers may include minority ethnic consumers in their mainstream marketing programs. In itself, this has ethical consequences. Alternatively, if marketers seek to target individual minority ethnic groups within the same economy a further set of ethical consequences needs to be considered. This paper reviews the concepts of ethnicity and ethnic groups and their relevance for marketing strategy within an economy where there is a dominant group and also significant minority ethnic groups. The ethical consequences for minority communities arising from the use of non-ethnic, mainstream marketing programs are examined. An alternative approach, ethnic marketing, is also examined and its ethical consequences in terms of other groups within the one country appraised. The ethical dilemma and tradeoffs facing marketers within advanced, culturally diverse countries are then considered.     

Spanish and American Executives' Ethical Judgments and Intentions

This study explores differences between executives in the U.S. and Spain in their perceptions of ethical issues in pricing, specifically comparing a domestic firm's actions affecting a foreign market versus a foreign firm's actions affecting the domestic market. Overall, Spanish and American executives provided somewhat different responses to the scenarios. Findings indicate that ethical judgments and intentions among Spanish executives did not vary based on which country was harmed. U.S. executives generally perceived that a morally questionable act directed at a foreign country was more unethical than a morally questionable act directed at the United States. Possible explanations for these findings are suggested.     

Advertising and Deep Autonomy

Concerns about advertising take one of two forms. Some people are worried that advertising threatens autonomous choice. Others are worried not about autonomy but about the values spread by advertising as a powerful institution. I suggest that this bifurcation stems from misunderstanding autonomy. When one turns from autonomous choice to autonomy of persons, or what is often glossed as self-rule, then one has reason to think that advertising poses a moral problem of a sort so far unrecognized. I diagnose this problem using Charles Taylor's work on "strong evaluation". This problem turns out to have political ramifications that have been only dimly recognized in business ethics circles.     

Strategic groups and performance in the Spanish hotel sector

This study uses the strategic group theory to identify business strategies and competitive advantages implemented by Spanish hotels, which are grouped together according to three variables (size, chain affiliation, and category) and the degree of development of the different business strategies. An analysis carried out with the aim of checking the potential existence of significant differences in performance among the strategic groups revealed that the highest performance levels are achieved by larger-sized, chain-affiliated, and higher-category hotels as well as by establishments which base their competitive advantage on category and capacity or size and internal management.     

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether a number of firm and industry characteristics, as well as media exposure, are potential determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices by Spanish listed firms. Empirical studies have shown that CSR disclosure activism varies across companies, industries, and time (Gray et al., Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 8(2), 47–77, 1995; Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 28(3/4), 327–356, 2001; Hackston and Milne, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9(1), 77–108, 1996; Cormier and Magnan, Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting 1(2), 171–195, 2003; Cormier et al., European Accounting Review 14(1), 3–39, 2005), which is usually justified by reference to several theoretical constructs, such as the legitimacy, stakeholder, and agency theories. Our findings evidence that firms with higher CSR ratings present a statistically significant larger size and a higher media exposure, and belong to more environmentally sensitive industries, as compared to firms with lower CSR ratings. However, neither profitability nor leverage seem to explain differences in CSR disclosure practices between Spanish listed firms. The most influential variable for explaining firms’ variation in CSR ratings is media exposure, followed by size and industry. Therefore, it seems that the legitimacy theory, as captured by those variables related to public or social visibility, is the most relevant theory for explaining CSR disclosure practices of Spanish listed firms.     

Worker Autonomy and the Drama of Digital Networks in Organizations

This essay considers the impact of digital networks in organizations on worker autonomy. Worker autonomy, the control that workers have over their own work situation, is claimed in this essay to be a key determinant for the quality of work, as well as an important moral goal. Digital networks pose significant threats to worker autonomy as well as opportunities for its enhancement. In this essay, the notion of worker autonomy is analyzed and evaluated for its importance and moral relevance. It is then considered how digital networks both threaten worker autonomy and offer opportunities for its enhancement. Three major opportunities (enhanced communicative powers, increased informedness, teleworking) and threats (electronic monitoring, task prestructuring, and dependency creation) are discussed and analyzed. Finally, the dynamics that determine the impact on worker autonomy of the introduction of a digital network in organizations are investigated. A particular model for analyzing these dynamics and their impacts, Bryan Pfaffenberger's model of a technological drama. It will be illustrated how this model illuminates these dynamics by analyzing them as a dialectic of strategies of technological regularization by design constituencies and technological adjustment by impact constituencies. It will also be assessed what role network design has in this process.     

民族关系的社会学研究综述

从社会学角度研究民族关系是民族社会学研究的一个重要范畴。目前,国外民族关系的社会学研究理论、内容和方法比较成熟,国内在改革开放以后也进行了有益的探索。如贾春增等学者就对民族社会关系的概念、主要表现形式及衡量民族社会关系的指标体系及当代民族社会关系的调试等作出了极有价值的论述。同时学者们对民族社会学中的民族关系内涵也进行了界定,但还未形成共识。除了对民族关系社会学研究学科建设、理论探讨外,近年来国内也开展了对民族关系的社会学专题调查研究,作者们分别从历史学、经济学、人类学、社会学等视角,探讨我国当前民族关系和民族发展问题,促进了理论和实践发展。     

构建和谐社会 加快民族地区经济发展

我国是多民族的国家,构建和谐社会离不开民族地区的发展,加快民族地区的发展要在政策上扶持和倾斜,加大财政金融支持力度,大力发展教育。     

论认知语法配价理论中的自主／依存关系

认知语法主张用象征单位来解释语法。从认知语法的角度阐释认知语法中自主／依存关系在语音极和语义极中的体现可知：在语音极中,元音和事物是自主的,而辅音和关系却是依存的;在语义极中,无论什么时候两个成分组合成一个配价关系,如果一个结构D依存于另一结构A,那么在某种程度上,A是对D中一个凸显子结构的阐释。在此基础上,将自主／依存关系输入到语音极和语义极的语法中,例如对词根与非词根、中心词与边缘词、补足语与修饰语等的区分上,可知自主／依存关系的输入对上述关系的区分简单易行、通俗易懂、合情合理,具有较强的解释力。     

财政自主权、政策差异与高技术产业发展

中国高技术产业发展的省际差异是在财政分权制度下各地方政府所能提供的政策奈件的综合影响结果,地方政府财政自主权的提高对当地高技术产业的发展具有推动作用.本文利用2004 ～2014年中国29个省(市)的面板数据研究发现,在现行财政分权制度下,地方政府的福利性支出受到财政自主权的制约,财政自主权的提高使得地方政府相应提高教育、科学技术和医疗卫生等福利性支出水平,从而对高技术产业的发展产生显著的积极作用.而这种影响机制在高技术产业发展良好的地区,其效果更加显著.在此基础上,本文提出了促进高技术产业发展的建议.