Gambling Attitudes and Financial Misreporting

We investigate whether attitudes toward gambling help explain the occurrence of intentional misreporting. Similar to gambling, some financial reporting choices involve taking deliberate, speculative risks. We predict that in places where gambling is more socially acceptable, managers will be more likely to take financial reporting risks that increase the likelihood the financial statements will need to be restated. To test this prediction, we exploit geographic variation in local gambling attitudes and find that restatements due to intentional misreporting are more common in areas where gambling is more socially acceptable. This association is even stronger in situations where management is under greater pressure to misreport, including when the firm is close to meeting a performance benchmark, experiencing poor financial performance, or under investment‐related pressure. Furthermore, these results are robust to numerous tests to address omitted variables and endogeneity. Collectively, these findings suggest gambling attitudes help explain the incidence of intentional misreporting.     

Limits to Alternative Forms of Capitalization: The Case of Anatolian Holding Companies

Since the late 1960s, alternative forms of capitalization have emerged in the absence of an effective capital markets regime in Turkey. We can see these alternative forms in the failed attempts to create Anatolian holding companies through the direct investment of small savings. This article shows how Anatolian holding companies became victims of poor institutional and regulatory regimes, and how the lack of institutions to promote impersonal trust in the economy in turn, permitted widespread abuses. We identify populist politics, lax oversight, and social norms that incorporated gambling as three interlinked reasons which hindered the genesis and development of viable capital market reform and regulatory institutions in Turkey.     

WHO DRIVES THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKETS?

By employing the EGARCH model using monthly data from September 1995 to March 2003, we found that financial indicators from Germany rather than the United States are the main drivers of Russian financial markets. In a one‐step prediction, the fluctuations of asset returns are well predicted that the prediction errors fall within the prescribed range of the confidence bands. However, EGARCH does not necessarily dominate the benchmark prediction of the random walk model, because with Russia's financial markets constantly in transition and adjusting to frequent changes in the financial system, the usefulness of past data is diminished.     

The political economy of gambling in a neocolonial economy

Conclusion This study has attempted to show the entrenched character of parasitic capitalism in the form of gambling in the Jamaican economy on a scale that massively but painlessly redistributes income from the working class to the petite bourgeoisie. It speaks to a dimension of class exploitation that is often ignored in the focus on large multinational corporations and has parallels in the parasitic forms of capitalism that exploit the black community in the United States. Parasitic capitalism is seen as promoting a form of false class consciousness that seeks outlets to class frustrations in precapitalist illusions of luck and chance that feed the coffers of the grasping petite bourgeoisie with hard-earned working class wage incomes. The data and findings point clearly to the need to either eliminate parasitic capitalist activities such as gambling or alternatively remove it from the control of the petite bourgeoisie and convert the capital accumulated to community and mass-oriented development and social projects.     

Sentimental Preferences and the Organizational Regime of Betting Markets

We analyze the price impact of sentimental bettor preferences within a bookmaker betting market. A theoretical model demonstrates that, under reasonable assumptions about the nature of demand in a market with strong competition, the bookmaker will offer lower prices for bets with comparatively stronger demand. Using a sample of more than 16,000 English soccer matches we find evidence that more favorable odds are extended to bets on more popular clubs and that this effect is amplified on weekends when sentimental bettors face lower opportunity costs to wager. Our findings help to explain why the market for sports gambling operates as a hybrid structure with bookmakers able to attract a considerable share of the betting volume, although identical contracts are traded on exchange markets at lower costs: the organizational design of a quote‐driven market enables the dealer to take advantage of sentimental bettor preferences.     

Supplying Slot Machines to the Poor

As gambling becomes increasingly accessible worldwide, governments face an important policy question: how should they exploit the industry's growth to raise tax revenue while protecting individuals from the detrimental effects of gambling? Using data on slot machines from the largest per capita gambling market in the world, Australia, we estimate a structural oligopoly model to (i) quantify firms' incentives to make gambling accessible among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and (ii) evaluate the effect of government policy (tax levies, supply caps, and venue smoking bans) on the distribution of slot machine supply, tax revenue, and problem gambling prevalence.     

Exports versus FDI: do firms use FDI as a mechanism to smooth demand volatility?

In this paper, we first develop a simple two-period model of oligopoly to show that, under demand uncertainty, whether a firm chooses to serve foreign markets by exports or via foreign direct investment (FDI) may depend on demand volatility along with other well-known determinants such as size of market demand and trade costs. Although fast transport such as air shipment is an option for exporting firms to smooth volatile demand in foreign markets, market volatility may systematically trigger the firms to undertake FDI. We then use a rich panel of US firms’ sales to 56 countries between 1999 and 2004 to confront this theoretical prediction and show strong evidence in support of the prediction     

The effects of casino gambling on state tax revenue

A theoretical model of state tax structure implies that revenue enhancement due to the introduction of casino gambling is less likely in states where incomes taxes do not exist and where casino tax rates are lower than the corresponding tax rates on sales taxable and excise taxable goods. Further, it is clear that casino gambling is likely to adversely impact lottery tax revenues earmarked for education. Due to the cross-price effects of gambling, tax revenues will likely decline in states that introduce nontaxable casino gambling on Indian reservations. In the longer term, as casino gambling proliferates increasing competition among states, there will be negative revenue consequences due to fewer tourism and employment dollars.     

Specialization and Welfare in the Presence of Imperfectly Integrated Capital Markets and Learning-by-doing

We study a two-sector, two-period model with learning externalities in the modern sector and imperfectly integrated capital markets. We find that higher capital market integration lowers the requirements on the learning pattern necessary for free trade to lead to an equilibrium with maximal specialization in modern sector activities. We further find that the equilibrium with maximal specialization in modern sector activities Pareto dominates, if it exists, any other free trade equilibrium, and that autarky can Pareto dominate free trade if capital markets are poorly integrated, even when there is maximal specialization in modern sector activities under free trade.

---

     

发展战略的博弈论解析

在商业活动中,我们经常受到传统思维模式的限制,难以在博弈中获得理想的收益,只有改变思维方式,利用博弈论的基本思想,通过改变博弈中的一个或几个要素来改变博弈,我们就能改变自己在博弈中的地位,并进而获得理想的博弈收益。     

信息可靠度、过度自信对股票市场的影响--基于实验经济学的研究

信息对股票市场的影响不仅取决于信息本身,还取决于个体投资者对信息的感知。文章基于实验经济学研究方法,构造实验室股票交易市场,引入不同可靠度的股评信息,观察个体过度自信水平,研究客观股评信息可靠度和主观过度自信对股票市场的交叉影响。研究结果表明相对于没有股评信息的控制组,高可靠度和低可靠度的股评信息实验组均表现出显著更低的市场价格泡沫,且股评信息可靠度越高,市场价格越趋近于理性水平;此外,市场交易活跃程度在有股评信息的组显著高于控制组,但高低可靠度两组的交易活跃程度并无显著差异。在引入过度自信和信息可靠度的交叉项后,文章发现仅在高可靠度的股评信息实验组中,过度自信表现出对泡沫和交易活跃程度显著的正向影响。这意味着高过度自信的个体更加倾向于相信自己的私人信息,而忽略外界高可靠度的信息,从而相对于理性情况而言,交易行为出现更大的偏差,产生更大的泡沫。     

转型期城市社区利益博弈的原因探析

随着中国市场经济的发展，城市社区也正陷入利益博弈中。造成社区利益博弈的根源源于市场经济对利益结构的冲击、法律设计的缺陷、政府的缺位及传统文化下私民意识的影响等，因此必须对社区利益群体的地位和作用进行规范和限制，培育社区意识，共谋合作博弈，逐步走制度化的社区治理之路。     

论澳门博彩旅游的未来发展

澳门是一个中西文化交融的特殊地理单元,由于独特的发展历史,其博彩旅游拥有特殊的地位,享有“东方蒙地卡罗”之称。本文简要介绍澳门博彩旅游的发展历史,阐述了博彩旅游的特点及地位。在此基础上作者深刻分析了澳门未来发展的优势与存在的问题,并提出了深刻挖掘博彩旅游历史文化内涵及积极拓展客源市场等未来发展的相应对策。     

FORMAL–INFORMAL ECONOMY LINKAGES AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa's high unemployment and small informal economy has been attributed to barriers to entry in informal labour markets. We develop a general equilibrium model based on a typology of informal activities that captures formal/informal linkages in product and labour markets. Simulations reveal that trade liberalisation increases formal employment, hurts informal producers, and favours informal traders and may explain the dominance of traders instead of producers. Wage subsidies also raise employment but further heighten competition for informal producers. Cash transfers favour informal employment, albeit with a fiscal burden. Results confirm the role of formal/informal linkages and product markets in explaining policy outcomes.     

中国跨国企业如何适应新兴市场的不确定性?

在"VUCA"特征愈加凸显的新全球化时代下,企业赖以生存的海外市场环境和发展路径遭到破坏,能否更好地适应和应对海外市场的环境不确定性,成为企业生存与发展的关键。本文基于组织注意力视角,选取特变电工集团的3家海外子公司作为研究对象,通过多案例研究设计,探讨了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性及其适应路径选择。研究发现:(1)中国跨国企业在新兴市场面临的环境不确定性来源于东道国宏观环境层面的制度因素以及组织竞争环境层面的任务因素,并且企业在不同新兴市场所面临的这两个维度的不确定性程度有差异,从而导致其面临的环境不确定性具有异质性特征;(2)在考虑嵌入环境不确定性的异质性特征的基础上,企业注意力焦点选择也有所不同,呈现出威胁倾向、机会倾向及两者并重这三种注意力配置倾向;(3)在环境不确定性的异质性与注意力配置倾向交互作用下,中国跨国企业采取嵌入型、能动型以及整合型适应策略来应对环境变化,并最终形成三种路径来实现企业在新兴市场的适应性。本文立足于新兴市场情境,解构了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性的来源及具体表现,构建了中国企业在新兴市场实现适应性的路径选择模型,为中国企业更好地适应复杂多变的国际环境贡献新的见解和启示。     

Impacts of the Rise of China on Developing Country Trade: Evidence from North Africa*

Abstract: Despite the global financial and economic crisis, China has continued to experience strong export‐driven growth and, indeed, became the world's largest exporting country in 2009. This rise of China in international markets presents African countries with growing competition in their home and export markets, but also with new opportunities. This paper focuses on the impacts of these developments on countries in North Africa, which are directly affected by the prominence of Chinese manufacturing. In particular, the analysis addresses two policy questions: First, is competition from China leading to substantial displacement of resources that incur significant adjustment costs while moving to new activities, or are there opportunities to exploit finer patterns of specialization that entail less disruption? And second, will policies that mitigate the impact of competition from China limit the longer‐term capacity to exploit new opportunities in the global market? The findings from the empirical analysis suggest that policy makers can support North African producers in the increasingly fierce competition with China by reviewing the regulatory and incentives environment, reducing trade logistics costs, and broadening trade promotion efforts to non‐traditional markets.     

The impossibility of underemployment with more than one product market

We investigate the link between 'underemployment at all wages'and income feedback effects due to firms' activities in an economywith imperfect competition in the product markets. The sizeof income feedback effects negatively depends on the numberof product markets. We strengthen a previous result demonstratedin an overlapping generations model with inelastic price expectations:underemployment at all wages may only exist when the economycontains a single product market, i.e., when firms integrateall feedback effects in their programs.     

简述网络银商的形成、发展及危害

伴随着网络游戏的快速发展,银商之间的竞争越来越激烈.在正规网络棋牌类游戏平台的高压打击之下,银商与非正规的棋牌类网络游戏运营商勾结,形成了新的合作模式.银商为网络赌博提供了逃避法律打击的途径,为赌博网站提供了秘密宣传渠道和网络资金结算途径,吸引了大量无业游民走上网络赌博等犯罪道路.     

Corporate hierarchy, promotion, and firm growth: Japanese internal labor market in transition

This paper investigates the incentive systems and the hierarchical design of the Japanese firms as integral parts of employment structure. Using the survey cross-section data on job ranks and wages, we analyze the promotion policy and compensations system as the key incentive mechanism in these firms with highly developed internal labor markets. We find that the incentive as well as hierarchical structures of the large Japanese firms are highly sensitive to the longrun growth rates of these firms. This finding is supported by a prediction of a model of internal promotions developed in the paper. We also find that the span of control, incentive effects of promotion, and wage-age profile at each job rank are all increasing in the longrun growth rates of these firms. These findings are jointly consistent with and in support of the hypothesis that the expected gains from the promotion is the key incentive in inducing efforts of the employees.     

徐州工程机械集团区域市场营销分析

一个整体市场总是由于经济、文化等方面的原因被分割成若干区域,不同区域市场,其市场特点,市场容量和市场进入方式都存在着差异。因此,企业为取得理想的营销效果,应针对不同的区域市场,采取不同的营销策略。本文拟在区域经济学和市场营销学的理论基础上,结合徐州工程机械集团