中国可持续经济增长方式研究—基于1990-2007年间各省市的面板数据

在Lucsa(1988)模型基础上,以1990-2007年各省、市、自治区的面板数据计算中国的全要素生产率,通过对中国经济的全要素生产率的分解.考察各主要因素对经济增长的作用以及它们的变化情况,可以发现:中国的经济增长严重依赖投资拉动,技术进步与人力资本在中国经济增长中的作用不断提高,而较高的行政支出对经济增长起了比较明显的负作用.     

全要素生产率与中国经济增长关系研究——基于VAR模型视角

运用TFP的变动来对经济增长潜力展开分析,是国内外经济学界的常见研究思路。从新古典模型出发,对改革开放以来的中国TFP进行估算分解,并构建TFP、GDP增长、资本增长和劳动力增长之间的VAR模型。实证研究认为,目前中国已进入跨越式发展时期,应大力发展资本市场,促进资本要素的有效流动,促进产业结构优化,将提高劳动力受教育水平作为重要发展战略,注重进行技术基础的革新,提高经济增长质量,促进经济发展方式向集约型发展方式转变。     

生产性服务业集聚与绿色全要素生产率增长 —基于地区与行业差异的视角

采用2000-2014年30个省区的面板数据,构建了动态面板数据模型,运用系统广义矩估计方法,研究了生产性服务业集聚对于绿色全要素生产率增长的影响。得到的主要结论是：第一,绿色全要素生产率增长具有较强的滞后效应,受到前期绿色全要素生产率增长的显著影响。第二,生产性服务业集聚具有促进绿色全要素生产率增长的作用,人力资本、研发投入、基础设施、对外开放也对绿色全要素生产率增长起到正向的促进作用。第三,生产性服务业集聚对绿色全要素生产率增长的影响具有非线性特征,符合“威廉姆森假说”;生产性服务业集聚对于绿色全要素生产率增长的促进作用存在明显的地区差异,生产性服务业集聚对于绿色全要素生产率增长的促进作用仅在中部地区显著。第四,生产性服务业集聚对于绿色全要素生产率增长的促进作用存在明显的行业差异,促进效应最为显著的是交通运输、仓储和邮政业,以及金融业;其次是信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业,科学研究和技术服务业。     

财政支农支出与农业经济增长方式的关系研究——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

基于我国1978～2009年间的省际动态面板数据,估计了中国28个省份农业TFP变动情况,然后考察了1978～2006年间我国政府财政支农支出的总量和结构对农业TFP的影响。研究表明,1978年以来我国政府财政支农支出总体上提升了TFP,其中经济性支出比社会性和转移性支出对TFP有更大的提升作用。此外不同性质的支出项目对TFP的拉动效应在区域间存在着较大差异。     

四川省全要素生产率的测算及分析

本文运用索洛余值法计算了1978—2007年四川省全要素生产率,对四川省的产出增长进行了分阶段分解和源泉核算。研究发现,四川省经济增长主要依靠要素投入。因此,要转变当前四川省的经济增长方式,就要进行科技创新和制度创新,同时加快农村劳动力转移和产业结构调整。     

R&;D: A Small Contribution to Productivity Growth

In this article I evaluate the contribution of R&D investments to productivity growth. The basis for the analysis are the free entry condition and the fact that most R&D innovations are embodied. Free entry yields a relationship between the resources devoted to R&D and the growth rate of technology. Since innovators are small, this relationship is not directly affected by the size of R&D externalities, or the presence of aggregate diminishing returns in R&D after controlling for the growth rate of output and the interest rate. The embodiment of R&D-driven innovations bounds the size of the production externalities. The resulting contribution of R&D to productivity growth in the US is smaller than 3–5 tenths of 1% point. This constitutes an upper bound for the case where innovators internalize the consequences of their R&D investments on the cost of conducting future innovations. From a normative perspective, this analysis implies that, if the innovation technology takes the form assumed in the literature, the actual US R&D intensity may be the socially optimal.     

通信设备制造业全要素生产率增长与技术进步

本文基于通信设备制造业23家上市公司2001～2006年的面板数据,利用非参数DEA模型的Malmquist指数,测算了通信设备制造业的全要素生产效率和技术进步效率。结果表明,通信设备制造业的全要素生产效率主要来源于规模效率而不是技术进步效率,并且技术效率一直是退步的。在此基础上。构建了影响我国通信设备制造业全要素生产效率和技术进步效率的面板数据模型,检验了影响因素的方向和程度。实证结果表明,通信设备制造业还处于规模报酬递增阶段,增加公司规模可以促进生产效率的提高,公司的研发创新能力和员工的受教育程度对公司全要素生产率和技术进步效率有着重要的正向作用,提高员工的受教育程度和加强公司创新能力应该是公司下一步经营的重点。     

环境管制与工业生产率增长：东部地区的实证研究

本文运用曼奎斯特—卢恩伯格生产率指数,测度了2000-2007年东部工业在考虑SO2和不考虑SO2排放情况下的效率、生产率增长及其成份的增长率,并且估计出了环境管制给企业带来的成本。结果发现：上海和广东处于生产前沿;考虑SO2排放后,生产率增长率下降;天津的生产率增长、技术效率增长率和技术进步率都最高,北京环境污染管制的成本最高;FD I投入、国有企业比重、资本劳动比、废气治理投资和环境管制成本对生产率增长都有显著影响。     

Productivity dynamics in Japan and the negative exit effect

Previous studies on productivity dynamics in Japan have suggested that one of the reasons for sluggish productivity growth in the economy was that highly productive firms exit the market, giving rise to a negative exit effect. This study is the first using census data and a large-scale micro data set to verify the negative exit effect in Japan. We conduct analyses of productivity dynamics using the micro data. The results show that there is indeed a negative exit effect in Japan and that this is driven mainly by the exit of a small number of highly productive firms.     

Diversification, the Resource View and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms

The present paper presents a test ofthe resource view of diversification which focuses onthe relationship between the directions ofdiversification strategies and a measure of totalfactor productivity. The results are supportive of theresource theory in that firms which pursue verticalintegration strategies and/or operate in a set ofactivities which share similar research anddevelopment and advertising intensities reach higherproductivity levels. After having checked for the directions of diversification, the degree ofdiversification is not significantly related toproductivity. This suggests that the simple inclusionof variables controlling for the extent ofdiversification might not be sufficient in order tostudy the effects resulting from diversification strategies.     

进口贸易与中国经济增长互动关系探析

进口贸易在国民经济增长中的作用尚未引起到人们的高度重视。近年来,随着国际经济环境的变化和中国经济的发展,人们开始重新审视进口贸易对经济增长的作用。进口贸易促进经济增长,最显著的传导机制是通过提高全要素生产率促进经济增长。目前中国需要调整贸易战略、重视进口贸易在经济增长中的作用,并优化进口贸易结构,在适度保护的基础上通过开展进口贸易促进经济增长。     

Productivity and technical change: Measurement and testing

This paper considers two specifications, namely, the time trend (TT) and general index (GI) of technical change. These models are extended to accommodate the TFP growth accounting relationship in to the econometric model. We also propose a formal test to determine whether the TT or the GI model is appropriate for the data. I would like to thank Badi Baltagi for his comments and Peter Schmidt for suggesting the test proposed in the paper. None, other than me, is responsible for any remaining errors.     

Public Capital and Economic Growth: A Convergence Approach

This paper estimates dynamic effects of public capital on output per capita. Based on an open economy growth model, I derive a version of the income convergence equation augmented with public capital. This equation is estimated using panel data of United States and Japanese regions. Sensible results are obtained when public capital is disaggregated into components. In both countries, the infrastructure component of public capital turns out to have significantly positive effects. The implied elasticity of output with respect to infrastructure is somewhere around 0.1 to 0.15. This suggests a modest contribution of infrastructure to postwar growth of the two countries.     

我国玉米全要素生产率增长及其对产出的贡献

运用T orngv ist-T he il指数法和增长账户法测算了1985~2003年期间我国TFP的变动及其对玉米产出增长的贡献。结果表明,1985~2003年我国玉米TFP的年均增长率为2.23%,对产出增长的贡献为66.13%。从总体上看,这一时期我国玉米TFP增长还呈现出明显的波动性特征,粮食生产和流通制度的变革,技术创新和新技术的推广使用,以及玉米市场价格变动可能是产生玉米TFP生产率波动的主要原因。     

Deregulation and Productivity: The Case of Spanish Banks

This paper deals with measuring total factor productivity (TFP) growth of financial institutions incorporating different types of deregulatory measures. TFP growth is decomposed into external, scale, and markup components. The external component is further dissected into deregulation and technical change components. The TFP growth relationship is included as an additional equation in estimating the cost system. The empirical model uses panel data on Spanish banks (savings and commercial banks). We find that deregulations contributed positively to TFP growth for both savings and commercial banks. Furthermore, domestic (European) deregulations had a greater effect on TFP growth of savings (commercial) banks. JEL Classification: D24, D40, G21Lozano-Vivas acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and FEDER grant n° BEC2002-02852. The authors thank an anonymous referee, the editor of the JRE and seminar participants at the XI International Tor Vergata Conference on Banking and Finance: Monetary Integration, Markets and Regulation (Rome, Italy) and at the Asian Pacific Productivity and Efficiency Conference (Taipei, Taiwan) for numerous suggestions. A previous version of this paper was distributed as working paper E2004/24, CentrA.     

Technical change and total factor productivity growth for Swedish manufacturing and service industries

This article presents alternative specifications of the production functions of a large panel of Swedish firms for the period 1992 to 2000. The period can be characterized as a transition when long-run productivity growth in the Swedish economy improved from being among the weakest to one of the strongest within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to present a detailed exploration of this dramatic change, the time trend and general index models are applied to estimate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, rate of technical change and returns to scale. The models are extended to allow for firm specific as well as time-varying technical change. The parametric TFP measures are also compared with the nonparametric Solow residual, and several hypotheses are tested to explain the growth patterns in the Swedish economy. It is found that the improved growth rate, initially starting in large exporting manufacturing firms, after a deep economic crisis at the beginning of the 1990s, spilled over to the rest of the economy, both manufacturing and services.     

财政科技支出对全要素生产率的影响及其机理分析

对2007—2017年我国全要素生产率的时序变化进行分析,再以省际面板数据为样本,探究财政科技支出对全要素生产率的影响及其作用机理。研究发现,财政科技支出对全要素生产率增长具有正向驱动效应,且这种正向驱动具有显著的动态效应和区域异质性、市场异质性。具体表现为:我国的东部地区最为显著,中部地区最小;市场化程度高的省(区、市)最为显著,市场化程度低的省(区、市)相对较弱。进一步检验发现,财政科技支出主要通过提升技术创新水平、抑制产业结构偏离促进全要素生产率增长。基于此,我国要进一步健全财政科技投入体系,有效加强对创新活动的支持力度,坚定不移地推进市场化改革,提升中西部地区的市场化水平,同时财政科技支出适度向非国有企业倾斜,有效提升财政科技支出的靶向性。     

技术选择、技术扩散与经济收敛

Lin(1994,1996a,b,1999,2001)的技术选择假说认为一个国家的经济结构是由其要素禀赋结构内生决定的.一个发展中国家政府所采取的发展战略如背离了最优的技术选择将影响该国的经济增长速度及是否能够向发达国家的收入水平收敛.本文构建了一个增长函数,除技术选择外,还同时考虑地理位置、政府质量等因素在长期内对各国全要素生产率(TFP)的影响.我们用跨国数据对该模型进行估计,检验影响长期TFP差异的各种假说,结果支持Lin的技术选择假说、Sachs et al.(1995,1999)的地理位置假说,但结果未支持政府质量假说.     

Technological progress and scientific indicators: a panel data analysis

Total factor productivity (TFP) is generally interpreted to be a proxy for technological advancement. In this paper, we use stochastic frontier analysis to decompose the growth in TFP into three components: technological progress, scale effect and change in technical efficiency. Then, we conduct a comprehensive panel data analysis using the technological progress component of the TFP growth and several scientific and technological indicators using data from 160 countries over the period from 1960 to 2009. Our results generally show that the technological progress component of the TFP growth properly reflects certain dimensions of actual scientific and technological progress. However, we also find that this result is somewhat sensitive to different econometric specifications and assumptions.     

我国全要素生产率变化解构及区域收敛性分析

笔者利用Malmquist生产力指数将1991年~2007年间中国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的全要素增长率按照构成分解为技术变动和技术效率变动,并对区域技术效率的收敛性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)以1997年为界限,东部、中部和西部三大区域的全要素生产率和技术变动均呈现先升后降的趋势,而技术效率在整个研究期间都是逐步降低的。(2)技术变动解释了全要素增长率区域差异的75%,技术效率变动则解释了剩余的25%。1997年之前的全要素生产率及其构成因素的变化有利于缩小地区生产差距,1997年之后则成为区域差距扩大的重要原因之一。(3)29个省份之间以及三大区域内部各省份之间的技术效率随时间变化均呈现出明显的发散趋势。