我国贷款诈骗罪中“主观非法占有目的”的界定问题

认定贷款诈骗罪成立的关键在于如何认定行为人主观上是否具有非法占有贷款的目的，文章着重阐述如何从行为人的系列活动中采推断行为人的主观非法占有目的。     

集资诈骗罪中“非法占有为目的”之解释与认定--以吴英集资诈骗案为视角

集资诈骗罪近年来在金融资本领域中高频多发，在金融诈骗体系中占有很重要地位。区分集资诈骗罪与非法吸收公众存款罪的依据在于行为人是否具有“非法占有为目的”的主观意图。研究集资诈骗罪中“非法占有为目的”的刑法解释与认定问题，对于司法实践中正确认定该罪具有重要的意义。本文首先对“非法占有为目的”的含义与认定做了详细的阐述，尔后，结合吴英案中明知无法归还、个人挥霍等问题是否具有“非法占有为目的”做了详细的剖析。     

以个案角度浅议实务中诈骗犯罪“以非法占有为目的”的认定

依据学界通说,诈骗犯罪属于刑法理论中的目的犯又称意图犯,即该类犯罪要求行为人不仅在主观上须具有犯罪的故意且还须以非法占有为目的。由于目的是行为人的一种主观心理内容,如何对其证明是始终困扰司法实践的一大难题。此外另     

浅议合同诈骗罪与民事欺诈行为的区分

合同诈骗是以非法占有为目的,在签订、履行合同过程中,骗取对方当事人财物,数额较大的行为.侵害的客体既包括国家的合同管理制度,还包括合同对方当事人的财产所有权.民事欺诈主要是指行为人为了经营,借以夸大履行能力等欺诈行为以诱使对方当事人认识错误并与其订立合同,不具有非法占有公私财物的目的,只希望通过实施欺诈行为获取对方的一定经济利益.在实践中应当如何区分合同诈骗罪与民事欺诈行为.只有在确定行为人有无非法占有目的的基础上才有可能确定客观行为和客体的性质.因此,只有主观上是否具有非法占有的目的才是合同诈骗罪和民事欺诈行为区别的关键所在.     

浅议合同诈骗罪与民事欺诈行为的区分

合同诈骗是以非法占有为目的，在签订、履行合同过程中，骗取对方当事人财物，数额较大的行为。侵害的客体既包括国家的合同管理制度，还包括合同对方当事人的财产所有权。民事欺诈主要是指行为人为了经营，借以夸大履行能力等欺诈行为以诱使对方当事人认识错误并与其订立合同，不具有非法占有公私财物的目的，只希望通过实施欺诈行为获取对方的一定经济利益。在实践中应当如何区分合同诈骗罪与民事欺诈行为。只有在确定行为人有无非法占有目的的基础上才有可能确定客观行为和客体的性质。因此，只有主观上是否具有非法占有的目的才是合同诈骗罪和民事欺诈行为区别的关键所在。     

论财产型犯罪中的非法占有目的

非法占有目的是大多经济型、财产型犯罪成立的必要要素。它是一种特定的犯罪目的,大多经济型、财产型犯罪都以非法占有目的为心理态度。对非法占有目的的理解以及认定上,学界存在较多的分歧,这使得非法占有目的更具有讨论和研究意义。文章意在通过比较法的相关角度,在明确非法占有目的之内涵的同时,研究非法占有目的的认定,以便发挥其在司法实践中的指导作用,厘清经济型、财产型犯罪与一般违法行为之界限。     

试析金融诈骗的刑法防范

以往司法机关和金融机构在处理金融诈骗案件时，多倾向于作为经济纠纷处理。代写论文由于经济制裁手段的滞后性及缓和性，结果往往是赢了官司却无法挽回损失。但如果从刑法的角度来防范和调控金融诈骗案件，就可能会收到较为理想的效果。但金融诈骗罪的成立必须以非法占有为目的作为其主观要件。对“以非法占有为目的”的认定应该根据客观情况以综合考量。     

试析金融诈骗的刑法防范

以往司法机关和金融机构在处理金融诈骗案件时,多倾向于作为经济纠纷处理.代写论文由于经济制裁手段的滞后性及缓和性,结果往往是赢了官司却无法挽回损失.但如果从刑法的角度来防范和调控金融诈骗案件,就可能会收到较为理想的效果.但金融诈骗罪的成立必须以非法占有为目的作为其主观要件.对"以非法占有为目的"的认定应该根据客观情况以综合考量.     

由蒲某挪用资金案分析职务侵占罪与挪用资金罪的区别

挪用资金罪和职务侵占罪同属于侵犯财产类犯罪，二者都表现为利用职务上的便利，侵犯本单位的财物，不同的是挪用资金罪是非法取得本单位资金的使用权，其行为方式表现为挪用，即并不企图永久非法占有，而是准备用后归还；而职务侵占罪侵犯的是本单位财物的所有权，且行为方式是侵占，即主观上具有非法占有的目的。那么犯罪嫌疑人蒲某的行为该认定为挪用资金罪还是职务侵占罪，笔者认为应遵照主客观相结合原则来分析。     

票据诈骗罪的犯罪构成

票据诈骗罪构成的客体是复杂客体，既侵害了公私财产的所有权，又妨碍了金融票据的正常流通和使用，侵犯了国家对金融票据的管理制度。客观方面表现为非法占有为目的，采用以作废、无效票据等非法票据骗取公私财物数额较大的行为。关于本罪客观方面主要论述了五种行为：明知是伪造、变造的汇票、本票、支票的；签发空头支票或与其预留印签不符的支票，骗取财物的；汇票、本票的出票人签发无资金保征的汇票、本票或者在出票时作虚假记载，骗取财物的。该罪的成立对犯罪主体没有特别要求，后于一般主体，包括自然人和单位。主观方面，分析了行为人直接故意和非法占有他人财物的目的。     

Onzekerheid en Investeringsbeslissingen

Summary In the article an attempt is made to throw some light on the role of uncertainty in making investment decisions. At first a critical analysis is given of the present value method and some other conventional rules of thumb. As the discounting process needs a unique income stream, which is not available, the present value method must be rejected. The expected value of the possible income streams cannot be regarded as an adequate solution for this problem. Moreover it is quite impossible to choosethe appropriate discount rate: in case uncertainty is involved, an objective discount rate must be considered as non-existing. With respect to the rules of thumb such as the maximin criterion of gain, it is also to be concluded, that subjectivity plays a key role. The use of a cardinal utility function in determining investment volume demonstrates once more, how important the subjective element is in the theory of investment. Apart from examining several proposed decision criteria the author is considering, how the entrepreneur arrives at the probability judgment concerning the possible outcomes of the project. For this purpose the theory, developed by Fellner, in which subjective and objective (based on frequency observations) probability judgments are blended, is critically analysed.

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Dit artikel is een bewerking van een door de auteur geleverde bijdrage aan de op 12 januari 1968 aan de Katholieke Hogeschool te Tilburg gehouden conferentie voor theoretische economie. Gaarne betuig ik hierbij mijn dank aan Prof. Dr. Th. C. M. J. van de Klundert voor zijn stimulerende kritiek.     

开展WTO诉讼 消除非法TBT

W TO诉讼可以利用W TO法的威慑力与制裁力两种机制应对非法TBT,而且W TO/DSB的建议和裁决具有较强的公正性和权威性、良好的执行纪录。因此,W TO诉讼是应对非法TBT的一种有效工具,可以作为非法TBT的主要对策。发展中国家作为技术的追赶者和非法TBT的主要受害者,应当通过积极开展W TO诉讼消除国外的非法TBT。     

社会主义市场经济条件下私人资本收益性质探析

资本剥削是资本主义生产方式特有的本质特征。在社会主义市场经济条件下，私人资本投资利润所得是按生产要素分配的收益，是合法的非劳动收入，不应将之教条地视同剥削。以社会主义国家法律为界线，只有非法、违法的投资牟利才能叫剥削。一部分人通过诚实劳动和合法投资先富裕起来，带动全民创业，共同富裕，这正是社会主义的本质要求和根本目的。     

议对外商非法撤资的法律规制

进入2008年以后,我国部分地区却密集出现了较为严重的外商非法撤资的情况。非法撤资对当地经济更是雪上加霜,同时造成了企业职工、中方合作者、企业供货商等相关权益人的巨大利益损害。本文通过介绍非法撤资的现状,分析了非法撤资产生的原因以及带来的危害,进而讨论了对非法撤资的法律规制途径,希望能够提出一些有价值的建议。     

Illegal Cartel Overcharges in Markets with a Legal Cartel History: Bitumen Prices in South Africa

In recent years, South African competition authorities have initiated a number of price‐fixing cases in markets where cooperation among competitors was legal and often encouraged. These markets present economists with special difficulties when estimating cartel overcharges. Conventional approaches often rely on temporal approaches, where pricing during the cartel period is compared with prices in a competitive period. In markets with a legal cartel history, a competitive price cannot be identified in the period preceding illegal collusion. Structural change also reduces data, and hence the robustness of temporal models. Spatial approaches, where prices are compared with those in other countries, offer a better alternative. The paper studies the performance of temporal and spatial approaches in estimating overcharge in the context of a bitumen price‐fixing case. The results suggest that, while the bitumen cartel may have responded to cost and demand shocks in a similar way to how players in more competitive markets respond, it was still cushioned by a large monopoly premium: the long‐run level of South African bitumen prices are higher than in comparable competitive markets. The findings have implications for the study of transition dynamics from legal to illegal cartel regimes and for the detection of cartels.     

论对非法所得课税的法律规制

能否对非法收入征税是一个在世界范围内都颇受关注的问题。目前,除英国等少数国家外,美国、德国等大多数国家都认为应当对非法收入征税。我国对此问题仍然没有形成统一的看法,但目前多数学者都认为应当对非法收入征税,笔者对此也持肯定态度。因此,该论文对非法所得课税问题进行了理论上的分析,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上提出了对我国非法所得课税的立法建议。     

税制变迁路径对税制及税负主观评价影响分析

税制变迁路径差异不仅直接影响税制均衡格局,而且通过对税制和税收负担的主观评价的影响左右税制运行成本。是现存制度背景下税制演进中非常重要的影响因素。通过分析在税制形成中博弈主体的行为及其如何左右税制均衡,讨论不同的衍生路径对主观评价的影响。从而进一步分析什么样的税制演进制度有助于改善税制和税负的主观评价。     

Central development spending in the regions post-decentralisation

The central government spends just under one-half of its development budget outside Jakarta. The centre provides more than one-third of total development spending carried out in the regions. Central development spending in the regions on primary and secondary sector activities and on education and culture is especially significant. The spatial distribution of consolidated public development expenditure is very unequal. However, central spending mitigates inequality in the geographic distribution of subnational development expenditure, at least to a certain extent. Agood deal of central government spending in the regions appears to be on tasks that have been turned over to subnational governments and is therefore illegal under current decentralisation legislation. Central support of specific decentralised activities could be implemented more transparently and efficiently through the government's specific purpose grant.     

Cultures of Illegality in the National Hockey League

When people commit illegal acts, are they influenced by the wider culture of illegality around them, or do personal incentives matter most? If someone experiences a more pronounced culture of illegality, whether he increases his illegality depends greatly on his historical involvement with illegality and how his wealth also changes. The National Hockey League provides a useful setting for empirical analysis of these issues. Using a constructed panel data set, which tracks player behavior on a game-by-game basis over the course of a season, we examine how various aspects of the wider culture of illegality affect individual illegality. We also take advantage of what amounts to a natural experiment in exogenous cultural change, by examining the behavior of players traded during the season under analysis. The empirical results are consistent with the economic model of crime, but cultural factors generally appear less influential and robust than individual-level incentives.     

非法吸收公众存款罪与民间融资

近年来的司法实践,对非法吸收公众存款罪的认定有扩大化倾向。许多个案不考虑融资的目的是否为企业自身发展,不考虑是否造成损害后果、是否具有侵占、诈骗的故意等特征,抹煞非法吸收公众存款犯罪与合法的民间借贷的区别。这一扩大化的倾向与加入世贸后打破金融垄断、鼓励金融市场竞争、民间金融逐步合法化的趋势是背道而驰的,所以有必要对非法吸收公众存款罪与民间融资加以区分。