A note on “Rethinking liquidity creation: Banks,shadow banks and the elasticity of finance”

Abstract

In their recent article, Yeva Nersisyan and Flavia Dantas proposed to amend the endogenous money theory to account for the activity of nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs) and of foreign banks. It is indeed argued that the traditional post Keynesian and circuitist approaches are overly narrow because they rely on a limited definition of money. Consequently, these approaches are focused on commercial banks (that create money) and regard other financial institutions as mere intermediaries that intermediate funds from surplus units (savers) toward deficit units (borrowers). Because it treats NBFIs as mere intermediaries, the authors argue that the traditional post Keynesian framework is no longer relevant for the analysis of the contemporary financial system. We believe that this critique is not justified. Using balance sheet analysis, we show that the destabilizing role of NBFIs can be taken into account within the traditional post-Keynesian framework.     

Public ownership of banks and economic growth

In an influential article, La Porta et al. (2002) argue that public ownership of banks is associated with lower GDP growth. We show that this relationship does not hold for all countries, but depends on a country's initial conditions, in particular its financial development and political institutions. Public ownership is harmful only if a country has low financial development and low institutional quality. The negative impact of public ownership on growth fades quickly as the financial and political system develops. In highly developed countries, we find no or even positive effects. Policy conclusions for individual countries are likely to be misleading if such heterogeneity is ignored.     

基于商业银行理财产品论金融消费者权益的法律保护

近年来,商业银行理财产品销售火爆的同时,发生了许多消费者因购买理财产品受害的事件。究其原因,主要是我国缺乏相应的法律制度体系。而国外发达国家都在金融消费者保护方面有系统的法律规范。因此,我国应在借鉴发达国家立法经验的基础上,构建适合我国国情的金融消费者保护法律体系,以使金融消费者的权益保护获得立法上的支撑。     

The legal theory of finance and the financial instability hypothesis: Convergences and possible integration

This article presents the legal theory of finance (LTF) and compares it with the financial instability hypothesis (FIH), identifying points of convergence and divergence. The study aims to contribute to the literature by connecting these theories and provides the following main conclusions. First, the LTF incorporates aspects of the FIH, as the theories share several key elements, particularly the presence of fundamental uncertainty, the constraint of liquidity, and the necessity for governments to act as lenders of last resort. Second, the liquidity concept used in the LTF can be better comprehended with the use of Keynesian and post Keynesian literature on the topic. Third, the LTF aims to advance and update certain aspects of Minsky’s theory, particularly with regard to the globalization of markets, power relations, and the interdependencies of the political economy of finance. The study concludes that the theories are more complementary than divergent and future studies should create an analytical framework that integrates the theories’ most insightful aspects.     

我国股份制商业银行不良资产现状及对策研究

本文描述了我国股份制商业银行不良资产现状,并从宏观经济环境、银行自身弱势、法人治理结构及社会信用等方面,对我国股份制商业银行不良资产的成因进行了客观分析,重点阐述了我国股份制商业银行解决不良资产的战略选择。本文既提出了为解决不良资产营造宽松的外部环境、建立现代企业制度、构建良好的社会信用环境等宏现战略,又提出了坚持实效化解不良资产、采取多种不良资产处置方式等微观策略。     

The size and development of the shadow economy: An empirical investigation from states of India

Using the state level data from India, this paper investigates the size of the hidden economy in Indian states over the period 1974/75 to 1995/96. Our analysis has shown that after liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991/92, the growth in the size of the hidden economy has decreased on an average. Our results show that the growth in the size of the hidden economy is approximately 4% less in scheduled election years than in all other years. We also demonstrate that the growth is significantly lower in those states where the coalition government is in power. An increased growth of newspapers and the literacy rates translate to cleaner governance, e.g. to fewer amounts of shadow economy activities in the economy.     

The Reality of the Present and the Challenge of the Future: J. Fagg Foster for the Twenty-First Century

This paper revisits J. Fagg Foster’s early assessment of the relevance of John Maynard Keynes’s theory of institutional economics. In his view, neither institutionalists nor most of Keynes’s followers really recognized the importance of Keynes’s theoretical insights. I examine Foster’s views on economic theory, with a particular focus on monetary theory. I apply Foster’s approach to what is now called modern money theory, an approach developed by heterodox economists working in the institutionalist and post-Keynesian traditions. I argue that this approach is consistent with Foster’s, and it offers a way forward to policy formation for the twenty-first century.     

商业银行成长:理论内涵与成长机理分析

在商业银行成长过程中,除了市场竞争、技术进步等一般因素外,资本约束、公司治理、管理能力、银行战略、综合化经营、金融创新、银行家和金融生态环境等因素对商业银行成长具有决定性影响.商业银行成长的边界不仅包括外部的规模边界,而且还包括内部边界和寿命边界.商业银行的成长路径主要有自然成长、购并成长和跨组织成长三种方式可供选择;在金融全球化、信息化发展背景下,购并成长、跨组织成长对商业银行成长的意义更为显著.评价一家银行的成长性,不仅要考虑规模和速度,更要考虑成长的潜力.     

美国经济危机原因及其影响的新解释——基于经济长波、货币供给与国际竞争的视角

美国经济危机是其新长波运行到顶后以朱格拉周期形式表现的一次调整,美国经济由此将步入缓慢增长的动荡时期。为满足长波扩张对巨额货币供给的需要,20世纪80年代美国金融体系进行了以金融创新为主要内容的重构,由此支撑了美国经济长达20多年的快速增长,并极大提升了美国的国际地位。但随着长波的演进,不仅内部的扩张动力逐渐衰竭,而且外部的相对竞争力也在快速下降,实体经济对新增货币的吸纳能力减弱,由此金融创新深化所创造的巨大货币供给就只能转向次贷和高杠杆的金融衍生产品。当实体经济与虚拟经济的背离达到一定程度时,经济危机也就不可避免。美国经济危机最终转化为世界经济危机,则是因为各主要国家之间的经济周期出现了高度的同步性,是它们之间相互叠加共振的结果。     

我国中小银行成长分析(1999～2003)机遇、挑战与对策

本文围绕银行成长这一核心,以部分股份制银行为考察对象,对1999～2003年期间我国中小银行成长现状、特征以及面临的机遇和挑战进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议.研究认为,中小银行成长具有"两不"、"两外"和"两小"的特点,具有这些特点的中小银行成长在新的银行竞争格局下面临新的挑战与机遇.要应对挑战、维持中小银行成长,就要在竞争策略、内部治理和政策扶持等方面加以改进.     

On the importance of institutions and forms of organisation in Piero Sraffa's economics: the case of business cycles,money, and economic policy

Abstract

This paper is based on an investigation of the Sraffa Archives and tries to characterise Piero Sraffa's approach to business cycles and economic policy. It includes two parts. The first part of the paper shows the importance of economic institutions and social conventions in Sraffa's contribution to economics and their relation with social conflicts. The second part of the paper shows how this importance permits to understand better business cycles and economic policy but also indirectly contributes to a re-interpretation of Sraffa's contribution to economics.     

企业家社会资本：概念、影响机制及其研究新方向

本文梳理了企业家社会资本的概念和影响机制的相关研究成果。在此基础上,引入企业家机会要素对企业家社会资本的内涵进行了重新界定,并探讨了在新经济背景下结构洞理论对企业家社会资本影响机制研究的启示作用,阐述了该领域研究的新方向,并对相关理论研究的完善和应用研究的前景作了展望。     

住房消费、住房投资与金融危机——美国次级债危机对中国房地产业宏观调控理论基础的冲击

中国房地产业宏观调控高度重视住房消费与住房投资,尤其突出地表现为对二者的区剐对待."鼓励消费,抑制投资"成为中国房地产业宏观调控的基本原则之一,其理论基础是:住房投资的信贷风险较高,容易引发银行危机,乃至整个金融危机或经济危机;而住房消费似乎具有某种"抗体",其引发金融危机的风险从未引起人们的高度重视.本文认为美国次级债危机从现实层面推翻了以上传统认识,有力冲击了中国房地产业宏观调控的理论基础.本文对住房消费与住房投资在多重视角下的重新解读,从理论层面修正了传统认识.     

新型研发机构在产学研深度融合中的作用探析——以瑞士比尔创新园为例

长期以来,在传统的科研管理体制的影响下,产学研管理体制不健全、合作行为短期化和形式化等问题严重制约了科技成果转化和产业化的推进。新一轮全球科技革命与产业变革正加速推动“科学”向“技术”转化,对科技治理体系形成一系列新挑战。为了跨越从基础研究到技术创新的“死亡谷”,国外创造性地发展了一批各具特色的新型研发机构,这些机构已经成为产学研用协同创新的重要平台和成果转化的关键支撑。本文剖析了构建新时代产学研深度融合的现实路径,在成功借鉴瑞士比尔创新园全链条创新服务模式经验的基础上,提出推动新型研发机构建设的对策建议。