中国蔬菜出口日本的增长效应分析

本文采用恒定市场份额分析方法对十几年来中国向日本出口蔬菜的数据进行实证分析,发现竞争力是中国向日本出口蔬菜持续增长的主要影响因素,但是近几年竞争效应在逐渐减弱。进口国的需求效应对出口的增长也有较大作用,应根据进口市场的需求状况安排出口产品结构。结构效应由对出口的阻碍作用逐渐转变为促进作用,但是作用很小。     

中日蔬菜贸易战原因分析和对策探讨

日本单方面决定从 2001年4月 23日－11月 8日对进口大葱、香菇和灯心草实施紧急限制进口措施。标志着中日蔬菜贸易战的开始。贸易战发生的原因在于:(1)中国对日蔬菜出口的阶梯性增加;(2)日本农业政策和国内政治因素;(3)日本蔬菜产业与中国相比缺乏竞争力;(4)日本对中国投资增加。此次贸易战的发生不仅会使中国生产者遭受损失,也会给日本消费者带来损害。在解决此类问题时,最根本的方式是我国加快加入WTO的进程,从而有利于向WTO提诉。     

日本的新能源开发及对我国的启示

日本常规能源极度稀缺,能源总量的自给率不足17%,主要依靠进口。在能源消费总量中,石油占50%左右,而石油的供给几乎全部靠进口;在石油的进口量中,90%又是来源于局势动荡的中东地区。这为日本的能源安全造成了极大压力。为缓解常规能源比重过大及其主要依赖进口所形成的压力,日本极力寻求开发常规能源的替代品,因此在新能源开发和利用方面,取得了巨大发展,居世界领先地位。     

农业结构调整

农产品过剩与农业结构调整 　　进行农业结构战略性调整需要考虑的因素很多,但当前变化最大,影响最深刻的因素有两方面:一是我国绝大多数农产品供给已由短缺转化为供大于求,特别是粮食已连年过剩,这就为农业结构战略性调整创造了极为有利的条件;二是我国即将加入世贸组织.一些重要农产品如粮、棉、油等虽可利用关税配额制度对过量进口风险加以控制,但仍会在一定程度上面临进口冲击,畜产、水产与果品、蔬菜则需开放市场.这样,农业结构的战略性调整不仅要考虑国内各地农产品在本地的销售,还要考虑各种农产品的国际适应性和国际竞争.……     

浅析日本的农产品贸易保护政策和措施

日本是一个人多地少、资源贫乏的多山岛国,国内农产品供给能力有限,每年农产品进口约占世界总进口量的10%。这种情况给日本国内农产品市场带来严重冲击。为减缓这种冲击,日本政府采取农产品贸易保护政策,以此限制农产品进口,以达到封闭国内农产品市场的目的。一、日本农产品贸易保护政策形成原因日本对农产品实行贸易保护政策主要出于这样几点理由: 1.维持农业生存和发展。农业是国民经济中不可缺少的部门,但是发展到今天,日本农业正面临着能否存在的威胁:一方面,日本农业所处的外部环境极为不利,国际竞争     

日本能源管理分析及对我国的启示

日本对能源管理的研究、实践起步较早,积累了丰富的能源管理经验。日本以能源管理法制体系为主导,配之以先进的技术手段,构建了一套适合自身发展需要的能源管理模式。日本广泛开展能源外交、建设能源储备、大力发展新能源以保障能源供给,同时以创建"低碳环保世界"为目标,完善节能环保的能源消费模式,推动日本传统社会向"新型低碳社会"转变。目前,我国正处于经济转型时期,保障能源供给、提高能源消费效率是当前的主要任务。因此,日本的能源管理经验对我国有一定的启示作用。     

科学促进农民增收

三业并举找准科学增收突破口提升农业,打牢基础.按照"高产、优质、高效、生态、安全"的要求,调整优化农业结构,加快转变发展方式,增加农产品有效供给;加快实施"一村一品"工程,着力培育种养业专业户、专业村、专业乡,打造粮食、果品、蔬菜、奶业和生猪五大产业集群,推进花椒、辣椒等区域特色产业集约化发展.     

我国粮食安全与农业结构调整取向:观照国际经验

我国基本不会发生粮食供给危机,调整农业生产结构并不威胁长期粮食供给稳定。结合日、韩经验,主动发展合同农业,利用国内、国际两种资源、开发国内、国际两个市场,适度降低粮食自给率,积极扩大土地密集型农作物进口及鼓励高附加值经济作物的出口,在保证我国粮食供给安全的基础上,适度调整农业生产结构能有效提高农民整体收入水平。     

关于日本经济长期停滞理论与政策的思考

泡沫危机以后,日本试图通过凯恩斯经济政策和结构改革的交替运用来恢复经济增长。20世纪90年代前期,凯恩斯经济政策的运用取得了短期效果。由于供给结构的变化,这一政策并没有使日本经济真正摆脱危机的困境。90年代后期,日本开始改为实施结构改革来提高其潜在增长率。由于总需求的持续减少,日本经济开始由短期衰退转为长期停滞。本文认为,泡沫危机后日本资产价格的持续下跌,导致各经济主体出现大量的不良资产,抵消了以上两大政策的经济效应。其中,商业银行对不良债权处理的拖延造成供给结构效率下降、企业投资和个人消费持续减少,使日本经济的停滞趋于长期化。     

日本进口结构的变化及其对周边国家（地区）的影响

长期以来,日本进口结构的特征被称为“原、燃料主导型”,以至于人们形成一种观念即离开原、燃料的大量稳定供应,日本经济必将大打折扣。这一认识在早期是勿庸置疑的。然而,到80年代末期,原、燃料主导型的传统进口结构特征已不复存在,制成品进口比重迅速上升。1989年进口总额为2108.47亿美元,其中制成品进口额为1061亿美元,占进口总额的     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.