投资者法律保护、所有权结构与困境公司高层管理人员变更

在投资者法律保护较差的国家里,集中所有权结构被看成是能够替代投资者法律保护,有效发挥公司治理作用的机制。本文以2000—2004年上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所152家ST公司为样本,实证检验当公司已陷入困境、被特别处理的情况下,集中所有权结构对公司高层管理人员变更产生的积极影响。实证结果表明,大股东持股比例与公司高层管理人员变更之间存在显著的正相关关系,不同的大股东持股比例对高层管理人员变更产生不同的影响作用。检验证据支持了LaPorta等人(2000)提出的关于投资者法律保护与公司治理的主流理论。     

Price Expectations,Distressed Mortgage Markets and the Housing Wealth Effect

Using a unique combination of regulatory and survey microdata, we examine the importance of the life cycle theory of consumption in estimating housing wealth effects for the Irish mortgage market. Since the recent financial crisis, this market has experienced substantial house price declines and negative equity. Thus, house price expectations are likely to be important in influencing housing wealth effects. We find a positive correlation between consumption and changes in housing wealth among our sample of mortgaged Irish households. Furthermore, we find that this positive association only exists when housing wealth changes are perceived to be of a permanent nature.     

Throwing Good Money After Bad? Cash Infusions and Distressed Real Estate

When a leveraged real estate project experience cash-flow problems, the owner must either inject additional cash or default on the mortgage. We show that it is not optimal for the owner to default as soon as net cash flow becomes negative. Surprisingly, the owner can expropriate some of the mortgage lender's wealth by injecting cash and continuing to pay interest. When the owner has cash constraints, outside investors may be able to extract significant economic rents by financing distressed real estate projects. These results have interesting implications for mortgage lending and the pattern of real estate transaction volume.     

Recoveries on Distressed Real Estate and The Relative Efficiency of Public versus Private Management

This study examines average recoveries from distressed commercial real estate assets held by FSLIC receiverships, and explores differences in the relative efficiency of public versus quasi-private and private entities in the management of these assets. It finds that properties located in markets with rising per capita income and properties that were judged to be less difficult to manage and sell provided higher recoveries, while properties with smaller writedowns prior to government takeover provided lower recoveries. The analysis also provides evidence that quasi-private management by the Federal Asset Disposition Agency provided higher mean recoveries, while private management by contractors provided lower mean recoveries than did public management by FSLIC receivership staff.     

Workouts, Deep Pockets, and Fire Sales: An Analysis of Distressed Real Estate

This paper presents a conceptual analysis of issues that relate to the management of distressed real estate assets. The paper examines the decision implications of the major characteristics of real estate assets and real estate markets in the light of information and incentive problems that emerge when assets fail to perform as anticipated. The paper focuses on the determination of commitments of additional resources to a troubled property, the identification of efficient holders of distressed assets, and the consideration of policies toward the disposition of distressed assets. The paper concludes that in many instances asset sales, rather than causing further destabilization as suggested by the fire sale image, are likely to contribute to reducing the costs associated with distress.