跨国公司对外直接投资区位分布与地方政府竞争理论综述

随着国际经济全球化进程的不断加快,跨国公司的对外直接投资在国际经济的舞台上扮演着越来越重要的作用,外商直接投资的区位决策是一个复杂的多阶段过程,这一决策不仅与东道国政府有关,更多的直接投资则是直接与投资区位的地方政府发生关系。影响其决策的因素和条件也日益成为学术界讨论和研究的热点问题。本文就目前已有的有关跨国公司直接投资区位选择的理论做一个较全面的梳理和论述。     

资源约束下我国对外直接投资的区位选择

我国经济增长所面临的资源约束刺激了资源寻求型海外投资的需求。资源寻求型投资主要是自然资源获取型投资和技术学习型投资。这两类企业在进行区位选择时，不仅要充分利用东道国的区位优势，更应考虑投资目标与投资能力的可行性。资源寻求型海外投资能对国内经济产生正外部性，政府应予以政策扶持。     

海外子公司股权选择影响因素分析及启示

跨国直接投资的股权比例选择是国际化经营及战略管理的重要议题.跨国公司选择怎样的股权方式经营海外子公司,受到母公司内部控制需求、国外市场产业进入壁垒以及东道国宏观经营环境三个层面因素的影响.本文在分析各层面因素与投资者战略决策倾向之间关系的基础上提出几点启示,以期能为国际化经验匮乏的国内企业提供有益的参考.     

东道国舆论环境与海外进入模式选择 ——基于海量媒体数据的定量考察

逆全球化背景下日趋复杂的东道国舆论环境给我国国际化进程带来严峻挑战,对其如何影响跨国企业进入国际市场的关键决策还缺乏系统的实证检验。基于情感分析技术（NLP）和网络爬虫,对2015-2022年间830余万条媒体报道进行文本分析,构建涉华舆情指数,系统分析与检验了东道国舆论环境对我国企业海外进入模式选择的影响。研究发现,东道国舆论环境越差,相比于独资模式,中国企业更倾向于选择合资模式进入海外市场;相比于跨国并购,中国企业更倾向于选择绿地投资进入海外市场;跨国企业的产权性质和国际化经验起到正向调节作用。在影响机制方面,东道国舆论环境通过影响企业的规制、规范和认知合法性来影响跨国企业投资设立模式的选择。本文的研究结论为跨国企业恰当地选择海外市场进入模式、积极规避或弱化舆论风险,更好地在东道国投资布局与经营发展提供对策建议。     

中国企业进入“一带一路”国家的投资区位决策 ——基于非市场环境与市场环境的双元视角

本文基于非市场环境和市场环境的双元视角,探讨向具有风险属性的“一带一路”延伸发展中国家投资的中国企业应对非市场环境约束的政治能力和企业社会责任、应对产品市场环境约束的市场能力与风险区位投资之间的关系。结果表明：①中国企业的政治能力、市场能力越强,越倾向于投资到政治风险更高的东道国;②政治能力和市场能力的交互具有协同促使企业向高政治风险区位投资的作用;③相较于工具性/经济性企业社会责任,强制性/社会性企业社会责任会分别增强政治能力和市场能力对企业风险区位投资的积极影响。异质性分析表明,相比于采取情境式政治活动模式的企业和新企业,采取系统式政治活动模式的企业和成熟企业更擅于发挥政治能力和市场能力的联合效应投资到具有更高政治风险的区位。研究发现对中国企业的对外投资区位选择决策具有启示意义。     

对外直接投资区位选择影响因素研究

随着经济实力的不断增强和"走出去"战略的实施,中国企业对外直接投资增长强劲。对中国企业开展对外直接投资区位选择影响因素进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文在对现有研究进行分析的基础上,以2005—2009年中国与51个对外直接投资东道国面板数据为样本,考察中国企业对外直接投资区位选择的决定因素。研究发现:东道国资源禀赋、技术禀赋、基础设施条件、外资开放度及与中国的贸易联系等因素对中国对外直接投资区位选择具有显著影响,而东道国市场规模、工资水平、汇率水平和地理距离等因素的影响并不显著。据此本文提出促进和优化中国企业对外直接投资的相关政策建议。     

组织学习 、战略类型对海外区位选择的影响 ① ——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

运用2005—2017年我国沪市上市企业海外直接投资数据,考察了企业的组织学习对海外区位决策的影响,包括自身经验学习与其他同行经验学习。探讨了在不同战略类型下,两种组织学习对企业海外区位选择的影响。结果表明:自身经验和其他同行经验与海外区位选择都具有倒U形关系;激进战略对自身经验与海外区位选择之间的关系具有正向调节作用,而对于其他同行经验与海外区位选择之间的关系具有负向调节作用。     

双边投资协定、制度环境和企业对外直接投资区位选择

双边投资协定是两国政府为了促进和保护双边投资签署的协议。作为特定的联系两国的双边制度因素,双边投资协定给企业提供了不同于国家制度环境的保护,因而对企业的投资区位决策产生影响。本文建立了关于双边投资协定、东道国制度环境与母国制度对发展中国家企业对外投资区位选择作用的研究框架。基于中国上市公司2003年至2009年对外直接投资的数据,本文有三点发现:首先,双边投资协定能够促进企业到签约国投资;其次,双边投资协定能够替补东道国制度的缺位,对于促进企业到制度环境较差的签约国投资的作用更大;此外,双边投资协定还能够弥补母国制度支持的不均衡性,对于帮助非国有企业到签约国投资有着显著的积极作用。     

中国企业技术获取型海外投资的实践与发展战略分析

中国企业的技术获取型海外投资始于20世纪90年代初,在投资主体、投资产业、进入方式等方面均有多元化倾向,反映出不断发展之势,但中国企业的技术获取效应仍然不高,原因在于一方面企业自身的技术水平与吸收能力有待提高,另一方面企业筹措资金及资源的能力欠缺,因而,针对这两个薄弱环节,中国政府应提供阶段性鼓励政策,企业应加强研发投入,选择合适的投资方式并充分结合东道国区位优势来提高跨国技术获取的效应。     

基于制度视角的国际化程度与企业经营绩效关系实证研究综述

对企业国际化程度与企业绩效关系的研究一直以来都是国际投资领域最重要的研究课题之一.国内外相关学者已广泛探讨国际化程度与公司绩效之间的关系,通过选取不同的衡量方法做了大量的实证研究.其研究结果发现,国际化程度是企业跨国经营绩效的主要决定因素,但它们之间并不是简单的线性关系,还会受到其他特定外部环境因素的影响,如东道国的法律环境、制度差异等.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...