区域外部性、对外开放与中国经济增长条件收敛

区域经济增长差异是经济发展过程中所出现的必然现象。空间自相关和回归分析方法的运用使我们可以就空间外溢对区域经济增长以及地理分布进行有效的分析。本文在新古典增长模型的基础上,提出了经济增长β收敛的空间计量经济分析模型框架,采用1978-2005年的截面数据,分析了空间外部性和对外开放对β收敛的影响。研究发现我国自改革开放以来区域经济增长不存在显著的绝对收敛。考虑空间外部性和对外开放因素后,可以观察到明显的经济增长条件收敛现象。     

Reform,Growth, and Inequality in China*

This paper provides a survey of the literature on inequality in China – level, change, causes, and consequences. It attempts to answer six main questions. How much has inequality risen? What is its relation to poverty alleviation? What has happened to wealth inequality? What are the main dimensions of rising income inequality? The dimensions examined are: the rural–urban divide; urban labor market reform; regional divergence; rural–urban migration; and entrepreneurship, rent‐seeking, and corruption. Was it inevitable that inequality should rise so much? Does it matter that inequality has risen? Income distribution in China is bound up with both economic reform and economic growth. This paper concludes by considering the countervailing forces that will determine the path of inequality in future years.     

Township and Village Enterprises,Openness and Regional Economic Growth in China

The authors argue that under the current political and economic conditions the restructuring of Russian enterprises on a mass scale is impossible, because the aims and methods of the restructuring programme often get in the way of the interests of different groups who in fact prosper on the inefficiency of private enterprise. These groups pay lip service to the restructuring process but do everything possible to slow down and block the process when their interests are threatened. The only group which is truly interested in restructuring of an enterprise is the middle managers. However, they are the least influential and least organised to affect enterprise restructuring. The article also addresses the legislation and especially the new law on bankruptcy, which potentially could speed up the restructuring process to a considerable extent. However, owing to the activities of some of the interest groups analysed, the law is failing to achieve its original aim. The occasional success stories have a very limited impact on Russian industries and in fact confirm the argument.     

中国改革30年:回顾、反思与展望

改革开放30年,现在确实是到了非常关键的转折的时候.中国过去30年经济高速增长,中国现代化第一次取得真正意义上的突飞猛进.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Inequality in China

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is blamed for being one of the main factors widening regional inequality in Chinese regions since it is highly unevenly distributed spatially. If this logic were true, then controlling the scale of FDI could be a solution to reduce regional inequality. However, it is difficult to reconcile the positive effect of FDI on economic growth with its potential "negative" effect on regional inequality. Using the largest panel dataset covering all the Chinese regions over the entire period 1979–2003 and employing an augmented Cobb–Douglas production function, this paper proves that FDI has been an important factor responsible for regional growth differences in China. However, it suggests that FDI cannot be blamed for rising regional inequality. It is the uneven distribution of FDI instead of FDI itself that has caused regional growth differences. The research results have important policy implications on regional development in China relating to FDI.     

Knowledge Disparity and Regional Inequality in Post-reform China

This article investigates China's knowledge disparity and its association with economic inequality, an issue little attended in Chinese regional studies. It focuses on the 1990s, the period when the economic reform and open door policy started to have their full impact on all aspects of social and economic development. The article reveals that knowledge advancement is uneven in China, with a regional pattern similar to economic inequality but also unique in several ways. The association between knowledge disparity and economic inequality is found not to be as strong as one would expect. The implications of the findings in terms of the impact of reform policies are discussed.     

对新中国分配制度五十年的回顾与思考

本文剖析了中国分配制度50年的一些典型的内容，如人民公社时期的供给制、长期存在的低工资制等弊端，揭示了改革开放以来分配中平均主义与两极分化并存的社会影响，总结了我们对分配制度认识的发展与不足。历史证明，分配制度必须与生产力水平及经济运行机制相适应，否则必然带来不良后果。     

中央银行独立性、收入不平等与通货膨胀--来自中国的实证检验

本文就中国人民银行独立性、收入不平等对通货膨胀的影响机制进行了分析探讨.我们引入中央银行目标函数,对中央银行独立性、收入不平等与通货膨胀间的作用机制进行了模型推理分析.而后我们整合了转型国家中央银行独立性的测度方法,并用此方法对中国人民银行的独立性进行了详细测定.最后,通过计量分析检验了以下结论:收入不平等是引致通货膨胀的一个经验性因素;中央银行独立性越强,越能有效抑制收入不平等引起的通货膨胀.     

中国农村地区收入差距解释:1997～2005

1997～2005年我国农村地区收入差距以2000年为转折点,经历了先下降后上升的变化过程。要素分解分析表明,1997～2000年地区收入差距的下降完全归因于分配效应;2001～2005年地区收入差距的上升主要归因于结构效应。样本分解分析表明,东中西部地区间的差距和东部地区内部的差距是形成农村地区差距的主要原因。费景汉-兰尼斯分解分析表明,工资性收入、地理位置、教育、物质资本和人均占有耕地面积共解释了地区收入差距的80%以上。     

Tourism,Consumption and Inequality in Central America

Much research in international political economy (IPE) has been criticised for focussing on large and powerful actors in post-industrial countries, to the neglect of sites, processes and actors in the global South. This article offers a corrective to this bias in two ways: by locating the analysis in two rural Central American communities; and by exploring the social relations of consumption in these communities. In doing this, I challenge assumptions about rural places being excluded from global processes and explore the complexities and contradictions of how such communities are inserted into global circuits of production and consumption. Drawing on extensive qualitative research, the article explores the ways in which capitalist development through tourism has reconstituted the political economy of consumption in terms of habits, attitudes and behaviour in these two communities. Using the community and the household as sites of analysis, I explore the complex ways in which inequalities have been reconfigured through changing relations of consumption. Certain kinds of social hierarchies, in particular traditional gendered power relations within the household, have been challenged. However, other inequalities – such as class, ethnicity and nationality – have been reinforced by these processes.     

城市化、贸易开放与地区经济差距变动

改革开放以来的中国地区经济发展差距总体上呈现出"下降—上升—下降"的波动轨迹,目前仍处在一个较高水平。基于协整等计量方法的实证分析表明,不同省份间经济发展差异与城市化水平和贸易发展密切相关,无论长期短期,地区间城市化水平和贸易开放程度的差异,均与地区经济差距存在正向关联,是地区经济差距变动的重要原因。本文研究揭示,"统筹区域发展"、"统筹城乡发展"、"统筹国内发展和对外开放"之间并不是孤立分割的,正确认识三者关系,对于实现和谐发展具有重要现实意义。     

Inequality in Spain, 1973-91: Contribution to a Regional Database

This paper provides the methodology and results of a database of inequality indices for the fifty provinces and seventeen regions of Spain on the basis of the Household Budget Surveys for the years 1973/74, 1980/81 and 1990/91. The inequality indicators considered are the indices of Gini, Theil (0), Theil (1) and Atkinson (1), as well as the distribution by deciles of the population. These indicators are drawn up for three variables: total income, total expenditure, and exclusively monetary expenditure. The variables are also expressed in terms of households, per capita and per capita equivalent. All are available on the Internet (http://www.ivie.es).     

中国地区工资水平差异的影响因素分析

本文运用模块数据和空间计量学的方法考察了中国改革开放以来影响地区工资水平及地区工资非均衡的各种政策体制因素和经济因素。实证结果表明,中国的地区工资水平及其差异既受制度变迁的影响又受市场机制的作用,具有典型的转型特征。具体而言,工资体制、对外开放、所有制改革、地方保护、教育水平和资本投入等因素对地区工资水平及其差异都有不同程度的影响作用。     

中国区域经济差异与极化的时空分析

借鉴国外相关差异系数和极化指数等系列数理公式,以地级行政区为基本单元,2000-2010年连续11年为研究时段,定量分析了中国区域经济差异与极化的演变过程和格局.结果表明:近10年的中国区域经济差异和极化演变趋势基本一致,总体呈现波动上升态势;从演变格局来看,东部地区的经济差异和极化较为显著,西部地区经济差异与极化扩大增强较快,东北地区的经济差异和极化呈现不断下降趋势,而中部地区经济差异和极化较小,却呈现逐步扩大趋势;就省域而言,大部分省域内部差异和极化的变化正向关联.     

The Manufacturing Wage Inequality in Latin America and East Asia: Openness, Technology Transfer, and Labor Supply

This paper examines wage inequality in the manufacturing sector for a panel of Latin American and East Asian economies during the last three decades. A labor supply and demand model is presented where three main determinants of wage inequality are investigated: trade openness, technology transfer, and labor supply. Findings indicate that wage inequality in the two regions has responded differently to the various determinants enumerated above. Some lessons from the comparative experience of the two regions are drawn.     

生产集中、人口分布与地区经济差异

动、静态比较分析发现 ,我国生产的极化作用不高 ,人口的极化作用过低。我国地区经济差距的主要原因是生产向东部地区不断集中的同时 ,人口没有相应地向那里集中 ,造成核心发达区域生产与人口分布高度失衡。鼓励中西部贫困人口向东部尤其是东部核心区域流动 ,是解决我国地区经济差距的有效策略。     

我国金融开放和贸易开放的互动渠道研究

将新贸易理论的技术效应、规模经济、产业转移一起视为我国现阶段贸易开放和金融开放的互动渠道,计量发现仅有产业转移渠道在我国的贸易开放和金融开放的互动中起到显著正向作用;规模效应仅与贸易开放有显著正向互动;技术效应则仅与贸易开放存在反向互动,亦不能担当两者互动的中介作用。基于结构向量自回归的方差分解发现产业转移在贸易开放和金融开放的方差波动的解释能力中都占据重要地位,大于技术效应和规模效益之和。     

外商投资、贸易开放度与中国财政支出结构

文章采用空间计量经济方法,利用空间和时间固定效应的空间自回归模型和空间误差模型,就外商直接投资、贸易开放度与我国地方政府公共支出结构之间的关系进行分析。得出以下结论:我国各省的地方财政总支出及其主要构成部分存在显著的空间相关性;外商直接投资限制了政府部门规模,降低了总支出水平及其主要构成部分的支出水平,支持效率假说的推断;贸易开放度扩张了政府部门规模,提高了总支出水平及其主要构成部分的支出水平,支持补偿假说的推断。     

中国居民消费不平等:审视与应对

在中国经济发展取得巨大成就之时,有必要重新审视不平等问题。与收入不平等相比,消费不平等是对经济不平等更好的度量。因此,以消费不平等为研究对象,在对居民消费不平等进行多维测度的基础上,分析了消费不平等的形成机制。研究表明:中国居民消费不平等程度较高,城乡消费不平等呈现出倒U形走势,区域消费不平等不存在倒U形规律;收入不平等通过预算约束差异形成消费不平等;机会不平等通过代际传递和路径依赖形成消费不平等;制度因素通过消费机会和消费资源的分配形成消费不平等。缩小消费不平等是一项系统性工程,除缩小收入差距外,政府还应努力促进教育公平、缩小人力资本积累差异和推进制度改革。