Network topology of the interbank market

We provide an empirical analysis of the network structure of the Austrian interbank market based on Austrian Central Bank (OeNB) data. The interbank market is interpreted as a network where banks are nodes and the claims and liabilities between banks define the links. This allows us to apply methods from general network theory. We find that the degree distributions of the interbank network follow power laws. Given this result we discuss how the network structure affects the stability of the banking system with respect to the elimination of a node in the network, i.e. the default of a single bank. Further, the interbank liability network shows a community structure that exactly mirrors the regional and sectoral organization of the current Austrian banking system. The banking network has the typical structural features found in numerous other complex real-world networks: a low clustering coefficient and a short average path length. These empirical findings are in marked contrast to the network structures that have been assumed thus far in the theoretical economic and econo-physics literature.     

Quantifying preferential trading in the e-MID interbank market

Interbank markets allow credit institutions to exchange capital for purposes of liquidity management. These markets are among the most liquid markets in the financial system. However, liquidity of interbank markets dropped during the 2007–2008 financial crisis, and such a lack of liquidity influenced the entire economic system. In this paper, we analyse transaction data from the e-MID market which is the only electronic interbank market in the Euro Area and US, over a period of 11 years (1999–2009). We adapt a method developed to detect statistically validated links in a network, in order to reveal preferential trading in a directed network. Preferential trading between banks is detected by comparing empirically observed trading relationships with a null hypothesis that assumes random trading among banks doing a heterogeneous number of transactions. Preferential trading patterns are revealed at time windows of 3-maintenance periods. We show that preferential trading is observed throughout the whole period of analysis and that the number of preferential trading links does not show any significant trend in time, in spite of a decreasing trend in the number of pairs of banks making transactions. We observe that preferential trading connections typically involve large trading volumes. During the crisis, we also observe that transactions occurring between banks with a preferential connection occur at larger interest rates than the complement set—an effect that is not observed before the crisis.     

2011年10月银行间市场运行报告

2011年10月,银行间市场平稳运行,主要特点是：货币市场利率呈U型走势,银行间国债收益率曲线整体下移;境内即期美元盘中汇率大幅偏离基准价格,境内外价差持续倒挂,竞价市场成交份额显著增长;利率互换中以Shibor为浮动端参考利率的品种成交量居首位;外汇衍生品交易环比下滑,境内外衍生品价格倒挂程度减轻。     

Contagion in the interbank market and its determinants

Carrying out interbank contagion simulations for the German banking sector for the period from the first quarter of 2008 to the second quarter of 2011, we obtain the following results: (i) The system becomes less vulnerable to direct interbank contagion over time. (ii) The loss distribution for each point in time can be condensed into one indicator, the expected number of failures, without much loss of information. (iii) Important determinants of this indicator are the banks’ capital, their interbank lending in the system, the loss given default and how equal banks spread their claims among other banks.     

Assessing financial contagion in the interbank market: Maximum entropy versus observed interbank lending patterns

Interbank markets allow banks to cope with specific liquidity shocks. At the same time, they may represent a channel for contagion as a bank default may spread to other banks through interbank linkages. This paper analyses how contagion propagates within the Italian interbank market using a unique data set including actual bilateral exposures. Based on the availability of information on actual bilateral exposures for all Italian banks, the results obtained by assuming the maximum entropy are compared with those reflecting the observed structure of interbank claims. The comparison indicates that, under certain circumstances, depending on the structure of the interbank linkages, the recovery rates of interbank exposures and banks’ capitalisation, the maximum entropy approach overrates the scope for contagion.     

2011年8月银行间市场运行报告

2011年8月,银行间市场平稳运行,交易量较上月小幅增长。主要特点是：货币市场利率先抑后扬;银行间国债收益率曲线平坦化;人民币对美元汇率中间价升值步伐明显加快,交易价波动加剧;利率互换交易再创单月历史新高;外汇掉期曲线整体小幅上移,显示升值预期减弱;外汇即期竞价清算业务正式移交上海清算所。     

2011年银行问债券市场运行报告

2011年,银行间债券市场波动幅度加大,市场制度和基础设施建设进一步完善。其主要特点是：全年债券指数呈先抑后扬走势,年末较年初略有上升,债券收益率波动幅度加大;债券发行规模同比下降,但债券品种更加丰富,发行方式不断优化;市场交易总体活跃,信用债券市场保持陕速增长,债券市场支持经济发展的力度进一步增强。     

2009年银行间市场运行报告

2009年,银行间外汇、货币、债券和汇率衍生品市场整体运行平稳：货币市场利率前期走势平稳,下半年震荡回升;shib0r短端较年初有所回升,中长端普遍下降;银行间国债收益率曲线整体上移;人民币兑美元汇率累计升值0．12％,远期市场价格走势显示人民币汇率预期由贬转升。     

2011年5月银行间市场运行报告

2011年5月,银行间市场平稳运行,交易量稳步增长。主要特点是：货币市场资金面大幅收紧,短期利率全线大涨;银行间国债指数继续上行,收益率曲线平坦化;人民币外汇即期市场主要汇率趋稳,交投活跃,非美货币中间价波动剧烈;人民币利率互换交易量显著增长,短期化特征依然明显;人民币外汇期权交易放大,外汇衍生品市场发生结构性变化。     

同业拆借市场的新里程碑

《同业拆借管理办法》的出台,揭开了同业拆借市场发展的崭新一页,主要表现为,同业拆借市场资金供需主体趋于多元化,融资能力明显加强,货币市场容量得到了有效扩大;同业拆借利率反映货币市场利率的信号指示功能不断完善,Shibor在利率市场的基准地位稳步加强;市场透明度显著提高,市场发展更加健康有序。     

2011年2月银行间市场运行报告

2011年2月份,银行间市场安全、稳定、有效运行,交易量稳步增长。主要特点是：货币市场资金面恢复宽松,短期利率明显回落;现券市场银行间国债指数震荡上扬,交易集中于中短期品种;外汇市场人民币对美元汇率中间价再创历史新高,非美货币交易保持活跃;汇率衍生品市场维持较高成交水平,人民币升值预期显著增强。     

2011年1月银行间市场运行报告

2011年1月,银行间市场安全、稳定、有效运行,交易量稳步增长。主要特点是：货币市场资金面持续紧张,利率大幅上升,短期交易仍占主导;现券市场国债指数先扬后抑,交易集中于中短期品种,政策性金融债受青睐;外汇市场即期尝试做市机构表现积极,非美货币交易进一步活跃;利率互换交易同比显著放大,成交利率持续走高,尝试做市机构在汇率衍生品市场亦显活跃。     

2011年7月银行间市场运行报告

2011年7月,银行间市场平稳运行,交易稳步增长。主要特点是：货币市场利率震荡下行,银行间国债收益率曲线上移明显;外汇即期市场交易延续活跃,外汇掉期曲线整体上移,汇率升值预期减弱,人民币外汇期权交易进一步活跃。人民币外汇掉期、远期净额清算试运行,净额清算业务向衍生品市场延伸。     

2011年4月银行间市场运行报告

2011年4月份,银行间市场平稳运行,交易量继续稳步增长。其主要特点是：货币市场资金面逐渐收紧,短期利率有所上升;国债指数震荡上行,现券交易集中于中短期品种;人民币对美元汇率中间价升值速度加快,交易价波幅扩大,非美货币交易继续活跃;人民币外汇期权交易正式启航,人民币利率互换交易同比显著放大。     

2008年11月份银行间市场运行报告

2008年11月,银行间外汇、货币、债券、利率和汇率衍生品市场整体运行平稳。货币市场利率持续下行,shibor各期限品种大幅下挫;债券综指和现券交易量大幅上涨,银行间国债收益率曲线陡峭化;美元中间价震荡冲高,11月人民币兑美元贬值0．13％,人民币外汇掉期交易报价升水幅度扩大数倍。     

2010年4月银行间市场运行报告

2010年4月份,银行间外汇、货币、债券、利率和汇率衍生品市场整体运行平稳,主要特点是：货币市场利率以小幅波动为主,短端Shibor各期限品种普遍上扬,中长端Shibor走势平稳;银行间国债指数大幅上升;人民币对美元汇率月末中间价与上月末持平,掉期价格显示人民币对美元升值预期有所增强。     

2010年1月银行间市场运行报告

2010年1月份,银行间外汇、货币、债券、利率和汇率衍生品市场整体运行平稳：短期货币市场利率先抑后扬,Shibor各期限品种利率均有不同程度的增加;银行间国债指数小幅上升;人民币对美元汇率中间价与上月末相比升值0．02％,掉期价格显示人民币对美元升值预期略有减弱。     

2011年3季度银行问市场运行报告

2011年3季度,银行间市场平稳运行,主要特点是：资金面前紧后松,货币市场利率先扬后抑、震荡下行;银行间国债收益率曲线先升后降;人民币对美元汇率升值步伐加快,季末成交价格显著偏离中间价;利率互换成交量创新高;外汇掉期短期限融资功能更为明显,中长期限掉期点持续上行显示人民币升值预期减弱。