基于改进粒子群的分布式通信干扰资源分配

为了解决分布式通信干扰场景下面临的资源分配效率低、干扰效益无保障等问题,结合通信干扰资源分配数学模型,设计了一种改进的粒子群算法。首先设计了分布式通信干扰场景并构建了通信干扰资源分配模型,以最大化干扰效益作为目标函数;其次采用自适应惯性因子和学习因子,并引入遗传变异策略和精英保留策略,提出一种改进的粒子群算法,最后对不同场景规模的通信干扰资源分配进行仿真实验。结果表明,相比小生境遗传算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法,改进的粒子群算法在不同场景规模下,均能获得更优的干扰效益,性能方面具备整体干扰效益更高、算法收敛速度更快、算法收敛误差更小等优势。所设计的改进粒子群算法可应用在分布式通信干扰场景中,为指挥决策提供参考。     

Internationalization, resource allocation and firm performance

In this paper, we examine the effects of internationalization and resource allocation on firm performance. We argue that resource allocation plays a pivotal role in determining a firm's international growth. Using a sample of Taiwanese firms, we find an optimal level of internationalization, in terms of the number of countries, as well as the level of investment towards value appropriation that is necessary to start creating a positive impact on firm performance. As a result of our study, we propose that Taiwanese firms would likely benefit by shifting their focus of resource allocation from R&D to marketing.     

Decentralized control of cooperative and autonomous agents for solving the distributed resource allocation problem

This paper focuses on the decision-making mechanism of coordination protocol for a multi-agent system in collaborative, distributed environment requiring resource allocation solutions. The model of distributed collaboration network (DCN) for distributed resource allocation is developed. The use of monitored viability of each agent as a feedback for the agent's reflexivity and goal adjustment mechanisms during the coordination process is introduced. Question: Will (can) a multi-agent system, as a whole, achieve efficient resource allocations, when each agent makes independent decisions, adjusted by feedback of its own viability measure to maximize its own goal based on limited information about the entire system? To investigate this question, experiments were conducted by using the parallel simulator TIE/Protocol to model the DCN and multi-agent system behavior.     

An R & D planning and control servosystem: A case study*

This paper describes a planning and control system (PACS) to aid R & D decision-making which has been developed and used at the Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. The planning model portion of the integrated system is a two-dimensional dynamic programming resource allocation algorithm which performs project selection, budgeting and scheduling. Behavioral parameters that can be used to simulate certain organizational factors are included in the planning model. The control model portion of the integrated system develops cost-effectiveness measures of variances between actual and planned performances for ongoing projects over time, which provide early warnings of pending project failures and guide control action. Applications of the system at Monsanto indicate that it significantly aids the development of satisfactory organizational decisions and also provides a laboratory for pretesting decisions.     

石化企业减员增效的研究分析

通过对企业的生产要素资源配置状况的定量分析，阐明石化企业须合理精减富余人员，以达到较高的劳动生产率并实现成本最小化，实现资源的优化配置，提高企业的经济效益。     

Resource allocation strategy for innovation portfolio management

Our study demonstrates empirically that the choice of resource allocation strategy affects innovation performance. Allocating resources to a broader range of innovation projects increases new product sales, an effect that appears to outweigh that of resource intensity. In addition, we find that the performance benefit of breadth is higher for firms that allocate resources selectively at later stages of the innovation process. This breadth‐selectiveness effect is greatest for firms intending to create relatively more novel products, departing further from their knowledge base. Based on these results, we theorize that breadth increases performance because it spreads firms' bets on unproven innovative endeavors. Limiting resource commitments by selecting out deteriorating projects prevents an escalation in the costs of breadth. This advantage increases with the uncertainty implicit in greater innovative intent. The paper thus contributes to theory of how resource allocation strategies influence performance outcomes of innovation project portfolios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resource integration: Adopting a paradox perspective to inform the management of tensions in customer resource allocation

Service-dominant logic maintains that value is created collaboratively through a process of resource integration. Knowledge-intensive business services, the context for this study, are heavily dependent on customer resources for the fulfilment of the value proposition. Value co-creation is compromised when resources are not allocated in appropriate quality or quantity. While there is a growing body of research identifying antecedents to customer resource input, few studies investigate how customers might overcome barriers to resource allocation, particularly when faced with competing demands. This article uses a paradox perspective to explore the management of tensions affecting resource allocation. Empirically, we draw on interviews with service providers to identify perceived resource deficiencies, and with customers to explore resource allocation management. We show that it is possible to manage resource allocation tensions by devising novel solutions that integrate the two opposing demands. In addition, these solutions can result in an ‘augmented’ resource, particularly if the service provider is permitted to influence customer resource deployment. Finally, these novel solutions can activate an unintended by-product or secondary resource, enhancing the relationship between provider and customer.     

Management structure in an industrial research laboratory

The relation between the need to maintain an efficient research resource and the need to use it effectively for the benefit of the business is best met by a matrix structure. The example of a single laboratory in a large organization is discussed.     

Management structure in an industrial research laboratory

AbstractThe relation between the need to maintain an efficient research resource and the need to use it effectively for the benefit of the business is best met by a matrix structure. The example of a single laboratory in a large organization is discussed.     

The visible and the invisible hand: Resource allocation in the industrial sector

The standard economic analysis holds that resource allocation in the industrial sector is primarily a market process operating through the capital markets. The current political resurgence of free market economics has popularized this approach. Contrary to this approach the authors demonstrate that: (1) trends in the size, diversity and administrative complexity of firms; (2) structural features of the capital markets; and (3) the emergence of the state as a major source of capital in developed countries imply that internal organizational and political/ ideological considerations are also vital to understanding resource allocation in the economy.     

Strategy making as iterated processes of resource allocation

Capitalizing on the Bower-Burgelman process model of strategy making in a large, complex organization, we investigate the multilevel managerial activities that lead firms facing similar new business opportunities to respond with different strategic commitments. Our field-based data provide evidence on (I) the role of ‘corporate contexts’ that reflects top managers' crude strategic intent in shaping strategic initiatives of business-unit managers; (2) the critical influence of early business development results on increasing or decreasing middle managers' enthusiasm to the new businesses and top managers' confidence in these middle managers in a resource allocation; (3) the escalation or deescalation of a firm's strategic commitment to the new businesses as a consequence of iterations of resource allocation. We conclude that it is useful to conceptualize strategy making in a large, complex firm as an iterated process of resource allocation.     

Establishing Maintenance Resource Levels Using Selective Maintenance

We address the performance of a repairable system that is required to perform a sequence of equally spaced, identical missions with breaks between missions. The system is series-parallel in structure, and component repair can only be performed during breaks between missions. Due to limitations on maintenance resources, it may be impossible to make all necessary repairs before the next mission. Such situations require the use of selective maintenance, the process of identifying the subset of maintenance actions to perform from a set of desirable maintenance actions. We build upon previous research in selective maintenance by addressing decisions related to establishing capacities for the limited maintenance resources. We model mission-to-mission changes in maintenance resource capacity, and we develop a methodology for establishing constant resource capacities for a sequence of missions. Finally, we develop a methodology for integrating redundancy allocation and maintenance resource allocation decisions.     

Resource management in software as a service using the knapsack problem model

This paper proposes a resource allocation model for “Software as a Service” systems that maximizes the service provider's revenues and the resource utilization under a heavy load. Employing the elasticity of virtualized infrastructures, the proposed model dictates that system resources must be fully exploited by incoming jobs, even if they do not satisfy their requirements completely. This yields a higher Service Level Agreement violation probability, which is mitigated by the assignment of more resources when these become available. The problem is deduced to the Fractional Knapsack problem and the heuristic solution is implemented in the frame of a SOA environment.     

A Review of: INVENTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH by Jacob Schmookler Harvard University Press 1966 332 pp. $9.95

This paper presents a procedure for calculating system and component utilization patterns or load curves which describe the use of a single service facility by several independent agencies. Such load curves are frequently used to allocate cost of the facility among the agencies it serves. The procedure is a computer model that establishes a link between data that are readily obtain ed and data that are required by allocation formulas. The model derives detailed load curves for each agency and for the-total system. A Monte Carlo procedure is suggested in which the model may be used to estimate the sensitivity of allocation formulas to error in the underlying data.     

First-mover strategy,resource capacity alignment,and new product performance: a framework for mediation and moderation effects

Based on the competence-based perspective and contingency perspective, this study attempts to examine the relationships among first-mover strategy, a firm's core capacity, resource allocation, and new product performance. Our findings indicate that (1) firms achieve a better new product performance when adopting first-mover strategy and having an excellent core capacity, and (2) firms achieve a better new product performance if their core capacity (technical and managerial) fits the resource allocation they implement. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

Are less-favored environments over-invested? The case of rice research in India

Allocation of research resources between favorable and unfavorable rice-growing environments is analyzed in this paper using the case of India. The resource allocation in rice research for all ecosystems of India is approximated by the full-time equivalent (FTE) of scientist time spent in research. This was estimated through a survey of all major public research organizations involved in rice research. The FTEs were adjusted for any cost differences per scientist time across the rice growing environments. Unadjusted FTEs indicated a high congruence in resource allocation while adjusted FTEs showed slight under investment in rainfed environment. The use of equity weights amplified the extent of under investment in rainfed environments. It is concluded that, in the case of rice research, rainfed environments in India remain under-invested moderately. Options for addressing this imbalance and the overall implications for resource allocation are discussed.     

资源投入与产品质量策略的匹配性研究 ——基于收益效应和福利效应的比较分析

在产品差异化市场中,企业可能为获取高端消费者而向高质量产品投入更多资源,却在一定程度上减少低质量产品的资源投入,造成资源投入与产出质量配比失调现象。为解决此类问题,针对实施垂直差异化策略的垄断企业应用优化理论、反证法对此问题进行了论证,通过数值仿真分析验证了结论的合理性。研究结果表明:1)追求福利最大化的企业实施垂直差异化策略所获得的利益高于追求收益最大化的企业;2)在资源有限的情形下,以收益最大化为目标的企业所提供的产品质量低于福利最大化的企业;3)收益最大化者在生产高质量产品上过度分配资源,对低质量产品的资源投入不足;4)随着预期的消费者到达市场的数量增加到无穷大,二者都会表现为平等分配资源。研究结果为企业运用差异化策略进行产品线设计提供了依据,对运营管理者改进产品线设计思路、节约企业成本、提高客户满意度具有借鉴意义。     

企业创新资源配置逆优化模型及其应用

创新资源的有效配置是促进企业创新发展的核心要素，然而，我国企业创新资源配置水平和效率普遍偏低，亟需构建科学的资源配置优化体系以应对企业快速增长的创新需求，由此，本文在对企业创新资源配置关键要素分析的基础上，构建了企业创新资源配置原始模型和逆优化模型，并结合X企业的实证研究对模型进行求解验证。结果表明：企业创新资源配置逆优化模型能够客观反映X企业的实际创新资源配置水平，通过模型的求解能够大幅优化企业创新资源配置的结果，同时为企业提供具体的优化建议。     

Maximization of the Economic Value of Research Through Quantifying the Relations Between Research and the Market

Abstract— A tentative planning and resource allocation system for product-oriented research in large centralized research laboratories is described. The system has been developed and tested on the basis of a number of case studies. It can be used as an information system providing the research organization with research goals and their economic value and also to recommend which research project funding patterns have the greatest value to the company. The system is named QUESTAR (Q uantitative U tility E valuation S uggesting T argets for the A llocation of R esources) and has been developed in cooperation with Abt Associates, Management Consultants of Cambridge, Massachusetts.     

污水厂化验室工作的质量控制和质量保证

质量控制与质量保证是水质化验室工作的重要组成部分。在水质化验室的工作中,采用测定程序空白值、加标回收、平行测定等质量控制手段,从不同方面来验证方法的准确度和精密度。质量保证体系是化验室内部实施质量管理的法规,覆盖了样品采集、检测过程、仪器设备、人员素质等全部质量控制要素,从而保证化验室所获得数据的可靠性。