制约我国高新区持续发展的博弈论机理研究

针对我国高新区发展过程中存在的创新不足等典型问题,构建了一个基于政府、企业和人才的博弈概念模型,结合典型案例分析了三者之间复杂的互动博弈过程,解释了制约我国高新区持续发展的机理。研究结果表明,政府参与资源配置过程会扭曲市场配置资源的基础性功能,并导致企业对资源的错配;政府、事业单位、国有企业等在资源配置过程中的支配性地位或优势地位,使得人才向这些部门集聚具有天然的优势;产学研合作过程中存在技术性障碍和非技术性障碍导致合作停留在浅层次;共享文化的缺失及知识产权保护的无效性是制约企业之间的资源信息共享与协调创新行为的重要原因。     

科技资源空间配置研究进展

在经济全球化和信息化的背景下,科技资源作为创新活动的基础和核心,对社会经济的持续发展起着至关重要的作用。科技资源在空间上的合理高效配置,对我国实现从资源驱动型向创新驱动型发展方式转变具有重要意义。文章总结了科技资源配置相关问题的研究现状,指出了当前研究的薄弱环节,并展望了未来的研究方向。研究认为,现阶段对于科技资源配置问题的研究,主要从管理学、经济学的角度作了大量的实证研究,体现在以下五个方面,分别是科技资源的空间分布现状、配置模式、配置效率、与区域创新体系的关系以及与区域经济发展的关系等。总的来说,在理论研究和空间视角方面重视不够,应当在今后加强地理学区位论和空间组织结构理论的指导,从空间视角出发对科技资源空间配置的模式、机制、效率等问题作进一步研究。     

政府科研机构科技资源配置效率影响因素组态分析

结合超效率SBM模型和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）法,以中国内地25个省级行政区政府科研机构为样本,探讨科技资源配置结构、配置方式和配置环境对省级政府科研机构科技资源配置效率提升的组态效应。研究发现：①单个要素不构成高科技资源配置效率的必要条件,但基础研究强度在科技资源配置效率提升方面发挥了较为普遍的作用;②5种组态均可带来高科技资源配置效率,分别为由基础研究构成的基础研究型组态;由基础研究和应用研究构成的科学研究型组态;由基础研究、计划配置和区域开放度构成的基础研究—环境型组态;由基础研究、市场配置、计划配置、产学研合作水平和区域开放度构成的基础研究—平衡型组态;由应用研究、产学研合作水平和区域开放度构成的应用研究—环境型组态。其中,基础研究型组态和基础研究—平衡型组态在提升科技资源配置效率方面更有效;③我国东西部地区政府科研机构科技资源配置效率提升路径存在显著差异。据此,提出各地区政府科研机构应“因地制宜”地采取匹配路径和针对性措施,以有效提升科技资源配置效率。     

科技创新资源配置的价值预算模式研究

兼顾科技创新的工具价值和内在价值是科技创新资源配置主体内在动机和生存与发展需要共同作用的结果,因此在科技创新资源约束(特别是科技创新经费)下,科技创新资源配置主体将通过交叉补贴来实现其价值最大化。在深入分析科技创新资源配置主体收益追求和约束因素的基础上,提出了基于价值预算的科技创新资源配置模式,并据此演绎了科技创新资源配置主体的资源优化配置行为。     

迭代创新视角下资源选择性配置对平台型企业成长的影响

融合资源配置与迭代创新前沿研究成果,构建“选择性配置-迭代创新-平台型企业成长”理论框架,利用分层线性回归方法验证研究命题,探究平台型企业成长之道。对来自京、津、鲁、豫等地区160家企业的实证研究表明：(1)资源的选择性配置对平台型企业成长具有积极作用;(2)选择性配置促进迭代创新的迅捷行动与持续改进,后者有利于企业成长;(3)作为迭代创新的基本维度,迅捷行动与持续改进在选择性配置与企业成长之间发挥中介作用。对于企业成长,资源配置比企业所掌握的资源量具有更为重要的作用。研究有助于完善互联网背景下平台型企业成长机理,探究迭代创新驱动机制,并区分维度考察迭代创新中介作用,丰富迭代创新量化研究,推动其理论发展,丰富资源配置的研究成果,促进研究视野从资源静态属性向企业对资源的动态调配拓展。     

区域科技创新资源配置系统结构方程模型及模式选择

为有效掌握区域科技创新资源配置结构,科学、客观地制订区域科技政策,以促进科技创新资源的有效利用,本文从配置系统主体的角度出发,建立了配置系统结构方程模型,利用2001--2005年我国31个省市的相关科技指标数据进行拟合计算,在完成效度与信度检验的基础上,依据拟合结果分析了主体结构及其对配置系统运行效果的影响,并进一步提出应根据我国当前情况采用基于科技计划的科技创新资源配置模式,以有效提高科技创新资源的配置效率。     

政府补贴和技术扩散对资源配置效率的影响——基于产学研协同创新视角

分析了产学研协同创新视角下政府补贴和技术扩散对资源配置效率的作用机制。利用2017年237家中国高技术企业协同创新的投入与产出截面数据,构建了联立方程组,并借助三阶段最小二乘法估计参数,检验了政府补贴调节下技术扩散对产学研协同创新和资源配置效率的影响机理。研究发现:技术扩散与政府补贴互为内生变量,政府补贴显著促进协同创新中的技术扩散,反之,技术扩散也增大了企业获取政府补贴的机会;政府补贴提升了技术扩散强度,进而提高了资源配置效率。     

耦合作用下我国产学研创新系统涌现效应研究

提出了以核心引导层、辅助支撑层、边缘影响层为支撑的产学研创新系统;采用解释结构模型方法,以企业、高校、科研院所、政府、金融机构以及科技中介机构的主体功能为节点,构建了产学研创新系统单元关系图;在综合考虑耦合程度和耦合顺序对系统创新影响的基础上,构建了产学研创新系统“五级递阶结构模型”;从串联耦合和并联耦合两个维度出发,总结了我国产学研创新系统P-P-T-T前向耦合、T-P-P-T后向耦合以及TPT-ETT并联耦合的发展模式,并深入分析了不同耦合模式发展路径下产学研创新系统的涌现效应;最后,提出了提升产学研创新系统涌现效应的对策建议。     

企业信息资源微观优化模式创新研究

信息资源配置对企业的创新发展具有不容忽视的作用,但是传统的信息资源配置与企业对信息资源的需求利用之间存在着矛盾。文章通过建立企业内部信息资源微观配置优化模式。并从企业架构、技术条件、人文环境三方面构建了支撑体系,研究解决了传统配置与隐含信息需求、全员参与及信息分享增值之间的矛盾。并进一步研究了企业信息资源配置的开放模式,提出了“人-机-网络”构成的综合集成信息资源优化配置的适用性。在此基础上,提出了企业信息资源配置系统控制有宏观范畴和微观范畴两个不同模式。还要注意将复杂大系统控制递阶简化,进行优化控制。不同经济发展水平区域的企业,信息资源配置模式应该不同。文章以苏南苏北为例,提出了不同区域企业信息资源配置优化模式。     

上海建设全球科技创新中心体制机制问题研究

体制机制改革是上海建设具有全球影响力科技创新中心必须面对的问题,也是上海打造全球城市核心竞争力的重要内容。调研发现,上海市政府职能尚需转变,市场力量有待加强,产学研合作机制和资源配置机制有待完善。因此,为了完善以企业为主体、以市场为主导的科技创新体制机制,上海应成立推动科技创新的组织机构,优化营商环境,健全产学研合作机制和资源配置机制,特别是资金和人才资源配置机制。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。