引入关系型贷款解决中小企业融资问题探析

文章概述了中小企业在融资方面存在的困难,认为引入关系型贷款可以解决中小企业融资问题。并分析了关系型贷款存在的利弊,对完善我国中小企业关系型贷款提出了建议:提高中小企业的自身素质;合理发展中小金融机构;增加银行的业务品种;加强政府政策的支持;加快利率市场化步伐。     

东莞市中小企业关系型贷款实证研究

本文在对国内外关系型贷款理论及实证研究进行了较详细梳理的基础上,针对国内关于中小企业关系型贷款实证研究主要只考虑其对贷款定价的影响,而缺少对关系型贷款理论有效性的实证检验的这一不足,本文运用多元logistic方法,利用2007年东莞市中小企业和金融机构的相关融资调研数据,从企业和银行两个角度进行了回归分析,为我国中小企业关系型贷款的存在性提供了直接证据,同时还研究了银企合作关系对中小企业获得贷款机会的影响,得出了针对我国沿海发达地区中小企业和金融机构发展的两点启示。     

构建银企和谐共生的关系型借贷模式探索

关系型借贷是通过建立银企之间全面、细致的关系,来最大程度地减少中小企业借贷风险的一种贷款协议。目前,关系型借贷已经成为西方发达国家的商业银行解决信息不对称问题的主要方式。近年来,我国许多商业银行引入了该项技术,以创新信贷技术为引线,调整内部组织结构和激励约束机制,以及遵循贷款定价的市场化改革,为我国小型商业银行开展小企业贷款提供了成功的案例。国内小型商业银行关系型贷款模式的探索2006年,包头市商业银行和浙江台州银行成为我国     

基于博弈论分析辛迪加贷款与我国中小企业融资难问题

以青木昌彦的银行辛迪加及相机治理模型为基础,构建一种适合于中小企业的辛迪加贷款模式。该模式通过银行间的风险分担、消除银企之间的信息不对称,促进银行放贷的积极性,从而提高中小企业的贷款可得性。对中小企业融资中银企信贷关系的动态博弈分析,进一步表明辛迪加贷款模式对解决我国中小企业融资难问题具有重要意义。最后指出我国辛迪加贷款模式的发展还应该注意建立稳定的银企关系和加强对牵头行的激励。     

村镇银行开展关系型信贷的初步探索——基于小微企业融资

发展村镇银行与小微企业及农户间的关系型信贷有助解决村镇银行服务区域内小微企业及农户的融资难题,同时能够促进银企之间的信息交流。建立村镇银行与小微企业间的关系型信贷需要一定的基础作为铺垫,文章主要从村镇银行和小微企业的角度并结合外部环境对当前村镇银行与小微企业开展关系型信贷的可行性进行分析,进而为村镇银行探索出关系型贷款定价模型,并最终希望能为村镇银行带来实践价值。     

重提主办银行制度——解决现阶段我国中小企业融资问题的一条途径

我国中小企业目前只能进行间接融资 ,而中小企业与银行之间信息不对称严重等原因导致了银行对其贷款成本相对较高。本文提出在中小企业推行适合间接金融的主办银行制度 ,利用其能较好地解决信息不对称的特点 ,降低银行对中小企业贷款的成本和风险 ,同时也能够促进中小企业改善经营管理。为建立有效的主银行制度 ,本文提出修改《商业银行法》 ,银企的自主双向选择 ,央行给予政策扶植等对策。     

国外中小企业关系式贷款研究综述

国外对关系式融资的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:①关系式贷款存在对企业价值的影响;②关系式贷款存在对资金可获得性、贷款利率以及担保要求的影响;③银企关系状况对贷款获得的影响;④银行业市场结构对关系式贷款的影响;⑤关系式贷款对银行效率的影响。     

资本结构、信贷约束和信贷歧视:上海非国有中小企业的案例

本文运用资本结构理论、关系型贷款理论和商业信贷理论,对上海非国有中小企业的资本结构和银行贷款模式进行了经验分析。我们发现:中小企业与国内外上市公司在资本结构方面的差异并不显著;中国的非国有中小企业面临着严重的信贷约束。考虑到与基于财务报表的交易型贷款相比,中小企业更加依赖关系型货款的特征,本文的分析框架和经验结果都不完全支持引入中小金融机构来解决中小企业融资困难的观点。     

奉化市中小企业成长融资平台的模式创新与实践思考

奉化市深入加强银企对接,充分整合政府、银行、担保机构．中小企业的资源。建立完善的组织架构和有效的风险控制体系,逐步形成“政府搭建融资平台、民营担保公司担保、地方银行委托贷款、中小企业获得资金”的中小企业融资服务新模式。经过两年多时间的实践,这一融资平台在服务中小企业、缓解融资难上取得了显著成效,开创了政策性金融机构支持奉化中小企业创业创新发展的新局面,在实践中兼具推广功能。现将有关做法刊出,供学习借鉴。     

我国中小企业担保圈风险演化过程分析——基于博弈论研究视角

本文基于博弈论研究视角,将担保圈风险演化过程分为三个阶段,探讨我国中小企业担保圈从形成、扩张到破裂的演化过程中银企之间的利益博弈关系。从信号传递博弈视角,分析银行和企业在互保贷款过程中的博弈对担保圈形成的影响,通过逻辑斯谛模型和演化博弈论,探讨处于同一担保圈内企业间的成长演化引起担保圈风险加剧的机理,并进一步分析银行在担保圈出现风险时的抽贷行为给担保圈危机造成的影响,尝试为我国中小企业走出互保联保贷款机制的困境提出建议。     

从博弈角度看银行审贷成本与信贷配给

文章通过一个博弈模型,分析了银行通过贷前审查手段甄别借款人资信时所面临的两难困境,从而揭示了银行在中小企业信贷中实施信贷配给的一个微观机制。由此得到的启示是,解决中小企业贷款难问题的关键,在于营造一个理想的社会化信用环境,改善中小企业整体资信状况。     

我国中小企业信用担保的法律属性研究

银行与中小企业间信息不对称导致的市场失灵需要政府干预经济,建立中小企业信用担保体系是市场化的政府经济行为,中小企业信用担保机构是弥补市场缺陷和政府缺陷的社会中间层主体。文章认为,中小企业信用担保活动具有经济法属性,中小企业信用担保制度经济法属性的确定对于进一步研究该制度的宗旨、基本原则和发展模式等问题具有重要意义。     

SMEs,borrowing constraints and banking relationships in Japan

At the dawn of the introduction of a new set of regulatory reforms in Japan’s financial services industry, reactions are mixed about the consequences for operators and users of financial services when they come into effect from the new fiscal year. One that is evident is the credit constraint experienced by firms, especially SMEs. The effect as this study finds is such that the advantage usually conferred by long-standing banking relationship and main bank ties upon firms to favored access to bank credits is no longer guaranteed. Indeed, availability, not cost of credit has become of greater concern to SMEs irrespective of industry. In the face of the prevailing credit situation, however, greater awareness has been gained by firms that continuity of relationship with their banks may pay off later. Since the present crisis is due partly to the unintended consequences of previous reforms, appropriate and timely steps should be taken to ensure that SMEs, the weaker link in the industrial chain, are not overly marginalized by any future fall-outs of the new reforms.     

我国信贷规模、价格与货币供应量关系的实证研究

本文根据1978～2009年我国历年银行信贷量、居民消费价格指数和货币供应量的有关数据,运用协整理论,从短期和长期两方面对改革开放以来我国信贷规模、价格与货币供应量之间的动态关系进行实证研究,结果表明,三者之间存在长期均衡关系。从总体上说,货币供应量、银行信贷的变化对物价均有明显的正效应,且货币供应量的变化较银行信贷对物价有更大的影响。从短期看,银行信贷的变化较之货币供应的变化对物价又有更快的更为明显的效果,具有更好的时效性。因此,在制定政策稳定物价、抑制和缓解通货膨胀时,应从总体上着眼于货币供应量的调控,同时考虑到时效性,也要关注银行信贷的短期影响,将二者有机结合起来以达到更好的宏观调控效果。     

The effects of credit lines on cash holdings and capital investment: Evidence from Japan

This study examines how credit lines affect corporate cash holdings and capital investment using a hand-collected data on publicly traded Japanese firms from 2006 to 2017. The study compares firms with and without credit lines to investigate the effects of credit lines. The empirical results are as follows: (1) Firms with credit lines hold smaller cash reserves than those without; (2) Firms with credit lines undertake more capital investment than those without; (3) The effects of credit lines are more amplified for financially constrained firms than their counterpart; (4) A close bank–firm relationship plays a positive role in the effect of credit lines on corporate activities.These empirical findings indicate that credit lines can improve firms’ financial flexibility and allow them to use cash holdings held for precautionary reasons to invest. The results also show that credit lines and the attendant implicit bank–firm relationships are complementary to each other. Moreover, having both credit lines and a close bank–firm relationship is important to Japanese firms for their corporate activities. Furthermore, the results imply that the use of credit lines is still relatively undeveloped in Japan, which may be a reason for the country's large corporate savings and lackluster investment.     

基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型

建立了基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型，并通过实例验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。研究过程及结果表明，基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型能够很好地反映信贷过程中的非线性因素，准确地预测出完整的信贷风险评估指标和信用等级之间的映射关系，能快速评估和有效减低商业的信贷风险。一组实例结果显示该评估模型的准确率接近90％。     

信贷配给、出口信用保险与中小企业出口融资

中小企业融资难的关键性问题在于信贷市场上的信息不对称造成的信贷配给,而出口贸易融资中的信贷配给既具有对中小企业惜贷的共性,又具有较多使用信用证项下融资产品的特性。出口信用保险融资由于消除了借贷双方对进口商及进口国信息占有上的不对称,从而能够在一定程度上缓解商业银行对中小出口企业的信贷配给,有助于继续发挥贸易金融对稳定外需的积极作用。     

The link between credit markets and self-employment choice among households in rural China

Our paper examines how credit markets operate through wealth to influence households’ entrepreneurial choices. Our results show that policy-led bank branch withdrawal in rural China has a significant negative impact on credit availability to rural households, though unexpectedly the effect is felt more strongly in informal than formal credit markets. Furthermore, we observe that self-employment is impeded by reductions in wealth associated with credit contraction. Policies which provide more and better formal financial services to rural households are predicted to increase the flow of credit, through both formal and informal channels, thereby supporting accumulation, diversification, and economic growth.     

经济不发达地区银行信贷与经济增长关系的实证研究——基于1978-2006年青海省数据的分析

本文基于1978-2006年的青海省数据，选取银行信贷总额、中长期信贷、国内生产总簋作为变量．以单位根检验、协整检验和葛兰杰因果检验等计量方法。对不发达地区银行信贷与经济增长关系问题进行了研究。     

Trade credit and financial crises in Kazakhstan

This paper studies the trade credit and delinquency behavior in Kazakhstan paying attention to the effects of two recent crises using a unique dataset of large firms and SMEs from the year 2009 to 2016. Our estimates suggest that the relationship between trade and bank credit is mainly substitutional except that it was complementary for large firms following the year 2014–5 crisis. This new piece of evidence on the non-uniform relationship between trade and bank credit during crisis might provide more insight into the mixed findings in the literature. We also discern that trade credit demand is more prevalent among capital-intensive firms. Kazakhstani firms pass along a sizeable portion of their delinquent receivable to their trade credit suppliers. The transmission of trade credit delinquency, additionally, is amplified during the year 2014–5 economic crisis but the year 2009 global financial crisis.