Impacts of Privatization of Customary Land Rights in Zambia: A Comparative Study of Rural and Peri‐urban Locations

In its quest for development, Zambia is pursuing a land policy that facilitates privatization of customary land. This article investigates the effects of privatization in terms of how it shapes people's behaviour and perception of private tenure and related tenure dynamics. Findings have shown that the appetite to privatize land is growing stronger in peri‐urban areas as land becomes more scarce. Furthermore, privatization of land appears to be a threat to traditional political structures as allegiance and loyalty towards chiefs diminish and tension and struggles over land in peri‐urban areas increase. Similarly, privatization of land erodes people's faith in the role that cultural and ancestral beliefs play in traditional land management. Also, people in rural areas tend to favour private tenure more if ‘privatization of customary land’ means allocation of land to outsiders. If, by contrast, the phrase is taken to mean communities registering their own land, peri‐urban communities tend to have a stronger desire to register land. Furthermore, rural communities were found to be less informed about land policy and seemed less keen to be involved in land policy processes when compared to peri‐urban residents. However, rural people may have no reason to inform themselves about land policy until they realise that the policy is likely to affect them.     

The True Meaning of ‘Social Justice’: A Catholic View of Hayek

Hayek's well‐known dismissal of the concept of ‘social justice’ is examined and questioned. While basically agreeing with Hayek's critique, the author argues that we should not entirely reject this concept, although it is often used in a vague and emotional way – ‘social justice talk’. Drawing on the tradition of classical liberalism and Catholic social teaching, he makes the case for the true meaning of social justice, which applies to the basic legal and institutional framework of a society rather than the distributional outcomes of market processes.     

农村土地纠纷的成因及解决对策

作为构建和谐社会非常重要的一环,研究农村土地纠纷产生的原因和解决对策就具有十分重要的意义。在当前农村土地纠纷已大量存在的事实下,本文描述了农村土地纠纷的几个主要表现,分析了其发生的主要原因,并在此基础上,就如何减少和解决农村土地纠纷以及如何最大限度地保证农民权益的问题,提出了相应的解决措施和建议。     

农村集体土地制度改革与土地征收补偿

党的十八届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》为我国农村集体土地制度的改革指明了方向。我国农村集体土地制度改革有利于建立城乡统一的建设用地市场、健全城乡发展一体化体制和赋予农民更多财产权利,也有利于预防土地腐败,促进社会和谐。在具体政策实施过程中,要做好农村集体土地的确权工作,规范农村集体土地流转,实行城乡土地同价同权,逐步建立城乡统一的土地市场,并要有效地解决征收制度对农村土地市场秩序的威胁,进一步完善土地补偿保障机制。     

农村集体土地确权工作中存在的问题及其建议

土地是人类赖以生存的物质资源。在中国,土地问题是农村工作中的关键问题,农村集体土地的确权问题,关系到现代农村的发展,关系到农民切身权利,而在如今的农村中,集体土地的确权工作存在很多问题,引发了一系列的矛盾,为此,我们必须在认识到确权工作的重要性基础上,发现问题,解决问题,确保农村确权工作顺利开展。     

我国农村社会保障存在的问题及其对策研究

社会保障被誉为社会的"稳定器",随着我国构建和谐社会以及建设社会主义新农村目标的提出,农民、农村和农业问题是我国近年来农村政策的主要落脚点。在关注农民民生方面,国家正大力实施农村社会保障政策。文章分析我国农村社会保障面临的形势,并在分析中国农村社会保障存在问题的基础上,探讨了建立农村社会保障制度的主要对策。     

陕北农村社区发展存在问题分析

农村社区是农村社会建设的基本载体。陕北农村社区近年来获得了较快发展,但存在着人口外流,社区发展主劳力缺失;投入不足,社区发展不平衡;自然村消亡现象明显,农村社区整合难度加大;农村产业空心化现象严重,农村社区发展的产业支撑脆弱;社区服务体系建设处于初级发展阶段等问题,亟待解决。     

浅析农村基础教育信息化建设应用存在的问题

农村基础教育信息化是农村基础教育教学质量腾飞的基础,是我国教育现代化实现的基本标志。研究农村基础教育信息化问题,改善农村基础教育办学环境,整合农村教育资源,提升农村信息化应用水平,对实施素质教育,促进教育公平,缩短城镇差距,体现社会公正,推动农村发展,建设和谐社会,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文针对当前农村中小学教育信息化现状,提出了一些看法和建议,希望能给相关部门决策提供一定的参考。     

新型农村社会养老保险制度探索

我国明确提出,在2020年之前要建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系制度,为加快我国农村养老保险。从而维护广大农村老年居民的基本生活条件,使其老有所养,妥善解决农民的养老问题,这对于完善我国的社会保障体系,解决"三农"问题,统筹城乡经济社会一体化发展,实现和谐社会目标具有重要意义。     

Who's Afraid of Rural Poverty? The Story Behind America's Invisible Poor

Rural poverty and rural issues in general remain invisible in the United States to the urban majority. Rural sociologists have tried to raise these issues, but even in the field of sociology, they have been sidelined for several generations. Progressives treat urban poverty with sympathy and rural poverty with contempt because the latter is stereotyped as a problem that afflicts only white families, who are then blamed for failings of the economy as a whole. In fact, persistent rural poverty is concentrated in pockets in Appalachia, the Mississippi Delta, and several other regions, many of which are inhabited by blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans. Nevertheless, it seems that making rural poverty as much a concern among progressive Democrats as urban poverty has been will require a different political orientation towards rural issues. Such an approach was visible briefly during Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, but it has had little influence on other candidates for high office.     

农村集体建设用地流转收益分配研究--基于公平与效率视角

收益分配是农村集体建设用地流转的核心,关系到城乡统一建设用地市场建立的成败。在探讨国内农村集体建设用地流转增值收益分配模式的基础上,分别从社会、区域公平的角度和城镇化、工业化效率角度分析流转增值收益分配。兼顾公平与效率的原则,统筹协调集体经济组织与集体成员之间、规划限制下土地权利人之间、城乡居民之间、发达地区与基本农田保护区之间的利益关系,提出以市场的方式形成流转收益,以税收方式进行收益调节,再通过农业补贴实现利益均衡,以完善集体建设用地流转收益的分配机制。     

浅析农村征地补偿的保障度

我国快速城镇化进程导致了大量的农用地被征为非农用地,而征地过程伴随土地权益的调整引发了大量的征地冲突和侵权事件。所以本文主要针对在农村土地征收过程中出现的农民权益受到侵害以后补偿不合理的情况,从征地、维权机构和土地估价三个方面进行浅略分析,并大胆提出了个人的想法和解决措施。     

我国农村土地增值收益分配探析

农地征收出让中的土地增值收益分配关系到“三农”发展甚至整个经济社会发展。尽管国家不断地提供农地征收补偿标准,但农地非农化征收与出让过程中农民的土地收益占土地出让收益比例偏低,而地方政府的收益份额则居高不下。研究结果表明,保障农民土地收益权、构建农民长期分享土地增值收益机制需要改革现行征地补偿制度,在合理的土地增值收益测算方法的基础上,确定增值收益分配比例、分配方式及建设用地与农民留用土地的比例,建立国家土地基金制度及国有土地资产经营制度。     

Suburbanization of the Self: Religious Revival and SocioSpatial Fragmentation in Contemporary Poland

In this article, I trace the elective affinity between planetary suburbanization and emergent forms of radical religiosity. I show how the centuries‐long spatial hegemony of the Catholic Church in Poland has recently been undermined by the ‘fundamentalist' broadcaster Radio Maryja—the bellwether of the Polish right‐wing nationalist resurgence. I describe the twentieth‐century suburbanization of both the state and Catholicism in Poland, supported by an analysis of a village‐cum‐suburb in one of Poland's largest agglomerations. I show how the latest wave of suburbanization, triggered by Poland's opening up to global flows of capital in 2004, ran parallel to the emergence of a ‘post‐secular', ‘individual' and ‘intellectual' strain of faith. I tie these in with the life stories and changes in gender and labour regimes of two key informants. I also show that the surge of right‐wing nationalism should not be understood as a backlash against neoliberalization, but that it represents instead a project of regime change and new elite formation.     

苏南农村土地制度变迁及其居住空间转型——以苏州为例

农民收入非农化、农村社会保障不断完善、村庄建设无序和城镇建设用地短缺是诱导苏南农村土地变革的主要因素.而推进土地要素市场化是苏南农村土地制度变迁的主要趋势.农村土地制度变迁是推动苏南农村居住空间演化的一个关键变量:以"农村土地股份合作制"为核心的农用地流转推动苏南农业生产空问和农民居住空间相互分离,以"宅基地置换"为核...     

中国城镇化进程中农地非农化的偏离与矫正

中国城镇化进程的快速推进产生了大量的农地非农化问题,进而导致了农地功能变异、生态和粮食安全问题以及粗放的发展方式等累积负面效应。在经济高质量发展背景下,要高度重视粮食安全与生态保护,构建可持续的城镇化融资机制,注重私权和公权相互制衡下的土地资产开发,从而实现农地非农化向正常态的回归。中国未来城镇化发展的重心将转移至郊区和乡村,实现城乡一体化发展,对乡村进行更新建设和对城镇进行棕地再开发将成为农地非农化的主要方式。     

Populism and the Populists: The Incoherent Coherence of Coxey's March

Coxey's March was a multidimensional spectacle reflecting the disparate social and intellectual strands that comprised an energetic late 19^th‐century producer's movement. This well‐staged, though seemingly spontaneous, march was emblematic of a brand of grassroots populism that united producers from farm fields to factory floors. Their cause was propelled by an eclectic array of reformers whose distinct ideas to change the economic landscape were united only in their common vision of a more cooperative, rather than corporate, vision of the future. Coxey shared in that vision with his bold public works plan. In choosing a direct form of democratic expression, and then adorning it with religious and utopian symbols, his march to Washington reflected the essence of a progressive populism churning throughout the Gilded Age.     

The Institution of Hukou‐based Social Exclusion: A Unique Institution Reshaping the Characteristics of Contemporary Urban China

This conceptual article contributes to institutional analysis and the neo‐institutional theory literature by identifying and analysing the linked rules, values, norms and patterned practices that surround and structure the way rural migrant workers are treated in urban areas of China in terms of Scott's integrated model of institutions. It argues that these hukou‐based rules, values, norms and patterned practices that discriminate against rural migrants can be considered to be a unique institution — the institution of hukou‐based social exclusion (IHSE). IHSE has dominated Chinese urban society for 3 decades and significantly shaped the lives of millions of rural migrant workers, the character of contemporary China and the nature of managerial practices among Chinese firms. This is the first article to examine the social exclusion of rural workers from the perspective of neo‐institutionalism, providing the first systematic analysis of the regulative, normative and cognitive dimensions that together socially exclude migrants in urban areas of China. It presents a holistic picture of the newly identified institution that offers new insights into China's urban society and management, and a new starting point for research.     

从台湾农村空间的发展看农村都计区的成败

在1970年代后的工业化快速增长时期,台湾的农村都市计划区被规划为农村的经济中心、公共服务与社区中心,同时进行农村空间与土地利用的管制。从台湾农村空间的实际发展分析农村都计区的成败,认为:台湾的都计区实际上是农村基层开发与经济全球化的空间策略,它确实刺激了农村工商业发展;但因处于全球分工末端,农村又必然存在建设用地蔓延、土地资源耗竭、环境严重污染与公共设施难以实现等诸多问题。在产业外移导致农村全面衰败之后,台湾开始反思外向型的、自上而下的农村经济全球化发展,并积极探索"自下而上"的社区整体营造。作者认为大陆农村应吸取台湾农村在发展过程中的经验教训,也应选择自下而上的发展方式。