产业组织范式的演进:从竞争垄断到竞争合作

产业组织竞争合作范式的生成是内生变量和外生变量交互发生作用的结果。分工与专业化是孕育竞争合作范式的主要内生变量,而经济全球化和网络经济则是竞争合作范式生成的两大外生变量。我国企业应深刻认识现代产业组织范式的演化趋势,一方面要加强产业分工协作,积极融入国际产业分工体系,另一方面要主动参与并加强同跨国公司的合作,真正提升我国产业的国际竞争力。     

汇丰银行竞争性合作的启示

银行同业的关系已经由单纯的对抗性抗争发展到竞争性合作，英国汇丰集团作为金融界的巨头之一，其采取的竞争性合作战略在其发展壮大中起了重要作用。文章认为，在收购兼并中发展壮大是其竞争性合作的结果，提供金融化的金融服务是其合作优势的体现，全球化的资本运营是其银证合作的成功，这些都对国有商业银行的改革与发展有重要的参考价值．     

经济全球化与我国对外经贸的发展

经济全球化发展的趋势 ９０年代以来,经济全球化以不可阻挡的强大力量向世界的每一个角落和各国经济生活的各个领域延伸。随着经济全球化的不断深入,世界各国经济都被纳入到统一的世界经济体系之中,各国经济相互渗透和相互依存已成为当今时代的一个重要特征。 经济全球化作为当代世界经济发展的一个根本特征,其意义是显而易见的。由于形成了全球市场,各国可以拥有更广阔的发展空间,可以突破单个国家市场规模和资源禀赋等方面的限制,在全球范围进行资源的优化配置,从而也就能带来更高的效益。由于经济全球化是建立在信息革命的基础上…     

Capacity utilization and technology shocks in the US manufacturing sector

The ability of real business cycle models to generate reasonable aggregate fluctuations depends on the time series properties of technology shocks measured by the change of total factor productivity. Three specifications of a non‐parametric productivity analysis which correct to different degrees for variations of capacity utilization are compared in this article using data for three‐ and four‐digit US manufacturing industries during the years 1958–1996. The results show that correcting for utilization generally leads to substantially smaller technology shocks that are less strongly correlated with growth of output and hours. Moreover, the probability of technological regress is considerably lower after the correction.     

Total effort, competitive balance and the optimal contest success function

This paper shows that, in the constrained case, the value weighted contest success function (CSF) maximizes not only total effort, but every objective function which is increasing in total effort and competitive balance. In the unconstrained case, a first price all-pay auction with a reserve price is optimal only if the impact of competitive balance on the objective is small. Otherwise, a modified value weighted CSF is optimal.     

Technology analysis and competitive strategy: the case of mobile telephones

This paper examines the validity of the strategic implications draun from the typology of generic strategies presented by Michael Porter. It is argued that the existence of technologies which simultaneously drive cost and performance make it possible to combine cost leadership and difflerentiation strategies, and yet be extremely competitive. The mobile telephone industry provides us with an illustrative empirical example. In this case, rather than a 'stuck in the middle' strategy, we found a 'luck in the middle' strategy.     

Investments and uncertainty revisited: the case of the US economy

This article examines the relationship between investments and uncertainty for the US economy, as the latter is approximated by consumer sentiment, purchasing managers’ prospects and economic policy uncertainty. Contrary to the existing literature, we provide evidence that this relationship is time varying. The time variation is attributed to the observed temporal replacement effect between private and public investments. Furthermore, we show that there are two distinct correlation regimes in this relationship and unless we concentrate on them, we cannot fully unravel the real link between uncertainty and investments. Finally, we examine whether the use of the two correlation regimes provides better forecasts for investments compared to the use of the uncertainty indices alone. The forecasting exercise reveals that the use of correlation regimes provides statistically superior out-of-sample forecasts.     

Governance experimentation and factors of success in socio-technical transitions in the urban water sector

The necessity of a shift towards more sustainable urban water management practice is widely acknowledged and advocated. Experimentation that enables social learning is regarded of high importance for realising such a change. For instance, literature on Transition Management suggests that governance, as opposed to purely technical, experimentation is considered a critical factor in achieving a socio-technical transition. When analysing the water sector it becomes clear that modern urban water systems have almost exclusively focused upon technological experimentation with little attention directed towards the importance of governance experimentation for social learning. Empirically little is known neither on how governance experimentation actually unfolds nor about its effectiveness for socio-technical transitions. This research paper presents a critical analysis of a unique process of governance experimentation within the Australian urban water sector which generated sufficient social–political capital to change an established water governance framework. Conclusions of this research reveal some theoretically conjectured processes, like deepening, broadening and scaling-up, are found in this contemporary, real-life example. Furthermore, factors which influenced the success of this governance experimentation process are revealed and the role of various forms of learning therein is described.     

Religion, longevity, and cooperation: The case of the craft guild

When the mortality rate is high, repeated interaction alone may not sustain cooperation, and religion may play an important role in shaping economic institutions. This insight explains why during the fourteenth century, when plagues decimated populations and the church promoted the doctrine of purgatory, guilds that bundled together religious and occupational activities dominated manufacturing and commerce. During the sixteenth century, the disease environment eased, and the Reformation dispelled the doctrine of purgatory, necessitating the development of new methods of organizing industry. The logic underlying this conclusion has implications for the study of institutions, economics, and religion throughout history and in the developing world today.     

工程项目联盟--对承包工程项目合作方式的探讨

最近几年,关于工程项目的合同方式和内容,业内做了大量的探讨,目的在于改善工程项目施工和竣工交验中的方法,尽量防止冲突的产生。但是传统合约的本质导致了工程各方之间的关系是对立的,这是传统的工程支付方式决定的。在传统的合同方式下,工程上的利益相关者,业主和承包商,在根本上就是对抗的。越来越多的人迫切希望改革这种冲突关系,而不仅仅在原有的对立状态下的项目体系中考虑分散风险。因此,改革业主和承包商根本的关系势在必行。基于这一点,以关系合同（RelationContract）为基础的项目联盟应运而生,成为新的项目合作方…     

转变外经增长方式提升行业发展水平

在十六届五中全会和“十一五”发展规划的建议中,都强调要加快调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式。这项对国家经济增长和社会发展提出的宏观指导意见,对于外经行业而言,同样意义十分重大。改革开放以后,外经行业在我国作为一个新兴行业,发展至今已经取得了巨大的成绩,主要反映在两个方面:一是增长速度,全国的外经行业每年以两位数的速度增长;二是增长规模,迄今为止我国外经行业对外成交项目单项最大金额达8亿多美元,据悉正在洽谈中的项目单项金额达20多亿美元,2004年,合同金额1亿美元以上的大型或特大型工程项目已经超过30个。总而言之,我国外…     

中国商业零售业:激战正酣谁与争锋

在中国商业零售业市场有限度对外开放的政策环境下，自1995年以来，以家乐福、沃尔玛为代表的国际商业零售巨头已经纷纷登陆。他们的进驻，在长期以来以百货业态为主导的中国商业零售业掀起了一股“超市”狂潮。虽然在此以前，中国商业零售业的业态转型已开始崭露头角，但外资的加入无疑为这一结构性的改变注入了一支强心剂。大家有目共睹的是，这些年来，这种业态的转型一直都在持续，并且大有愈演愈烈之势；与此同时，中国商业零售的市场上也呈现出了前所未有的激烈竞争的局面。在公众的心目中，似乎已经默认了这场酣战的决胜者将是以世界…     

The role of the financial sector in economic development: the Malaysian case

In this paper, we empirically examine the finance-economic development relations for the case of Malaysia. Using a battery of time series econometric techniques, we document robust evidence suggesting favorable output effects of financial market development. Likewise, there are consistent results showing the adverse real effects of financial volatility. The results of the development of financial intermediaries, however, are fragile. Moreover, the development of the financial markets hinges crucially on macro-economic performance and financial stability of the country. However, the process of financial market development is likely to be accompanied by financial volatility, leaving Malaysia with the trade-off between financial development and financial volatility. Lastly, we obtain limited evidence indicating the complementarity between financial market and banking sector developments.

海峡两岸服务业合作: 意义、模式及问题

近二十年来,海峡两岸经贸交流呈现出逐年增长的良好势头,但是两岸服务业与服务贸易合作的规模、广度、深度都还很不够.当前,祖国大陆的经济发展强劲,为两岸经济交流合作提供了更为广阔的空间、更强劲的动力和更优越的条件,两岸服务加大合作力度正当其时.     

Sustainable competitive advantage and stock performance: the case for wide moat stocks

‘In business, I look for economic castles protected by unbreachable “Moats”’. Warren Buffett Companies that have sustainable competitive advantages should be able to create a barrier (Moat) to prevent or lessen competition from other firms. The wider the Moat the greater the barrier and the more secure the company’s profitability. Using the Morningstar classification of ‘Wide Moat’ stocks, we construct annually rebalanced equal- and value-weighted portfolios to analyse their performance in order to determine if they deliver superior performance relative to standard benchmark portfolios. The period for our analysis extends from June 2002 through May 2014. We find that the ‘Wide Moat’ portfolios outperform both the S&P 500 and Russell 3000 indices generating higher average monthly and annualized returns, Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Omega Ratio, Upside Potential Ratio, M², M² Alpha, and cumulative returns. When we compute alpha using Carhart four-factor and Fama–French five-factor models, we find that ‘Wide Moat’ portfolios had significantly positive risk-adjusted alphas with both the models. ‘Wide Moat’ portfolios also lost less value during the 2007–2009 financial crisis compared to both S&P 500 and Russell 3000. In conclusion, we find that ‘Wide Moat’ stocks have created significant value for their investors over the course of our study.     

Wage differentials by sector and gender: a quantile analysis for the Spanish case

This paper analyses existing wage differentials between workers in the public and private sectors and by gender in Spain. This analysis is run throughout the entire earnings distribution and observed wage differentials are decomposed into a part explained by differences in productive characteristics and a part due to differences in returns to such characteristics. Our results show that public sector workers tend to earn higher wages than private employees, although most of this sector wage gap is due to better public workers’ productive characteristics. A wage premium in favour of men is also found in both the public and private sectors, with the gender wage gap greater at the top of the earnings distribution.     

Cointegration relationships and hedonic pricing of differentiated commodities: an application to price dynamics in the US dairy sector

This study investigates the implications of hedonic pricing for price dynamics of differentiated commodities. A conceptual model of hedonic pricing is developed under a Leontief technology, showing how commodity prices reflect the underlying value of their components. Implications for the existence of cointegration relationships among commodity prices are derived. An application to the pricing and dynamics of selected US dairy commodities is presented. It provides evidence on the role of component valuation in the dynamics of dairy commodity prices in the short run as well as in the long run. Distinguishing between market regime and government regime (when the government price support is active), the analysis finds significant differences in dairy price dynamics between the two regimes.     

International trade,technological shocks and spillovers in the labour market: a GVAR analysis of the US manufacturing sector

We empirically analyse the response of labour market related variables in the US manufacturing sector to various shocks, notably to trade openness and technology, as well as examining spillovers from industry-specific labour market shocks. The econometric approach involves an application of the recently developed Global Vector Autoregression methodology of Dées et al. (2007 Helbling, T, Jaumotte, F and Sommer, M. 2006. How has globalization affected inflation?. IMF World Economic Outlook, April: 97–134.  [Google Scholar]) to 12 manufacturing industries over the period 1977–2003. The framework allows us to analyse the response of a standard set of labour-market related variables (employment, real compensation, productivity and capital stock) to exogenous factors (a sector-specific measure of trade openness, a common technology and oil price shock), along with industry spillovers using specific measures of manufacturing-wide variables for each sector. Generalized impulse responses indicate that increased trade openness negatively affects real compensation, has negligible employment effects and leads to higher labour productivity. These impacts, however, are relatively weaker than those induced by technology shocks, with the latter positively and significantly affecting both real compensation and employment. There is also evidence of positive spillovers across industries from sector-specific employment and productivity shocks. Impact elasticities suggest strong intra-sectoral linkages for employment and capital stock formation, contrasting with weak linkages for what concerns real compensation and productivity.     

人才资源:外经贸事业发展的重要保证

掀开21世纪的新篇章,呈现在人们眼前的是世界多极化曲折发展,经济全球化不断深入,科技进步日新月异的景象。在知识经济快速发展的进程中,人才资源的水平决定着竞争能力的强弱,而正是在这种新的形势下,中国外经贸人才总储备不足、低效率流动和生成环境不够优化的问题开始凸现出来。在一定意义上说,中国加入WTO后所面临的最大的挑战是人才的挑战,是人才资源的开发、利用以及人才的培养和储备的挑战。国际上一些大型、先进、有竞争力的企业,长期处于市场竞争的环境中,已形成了有活力的制度结构优势,积淀了坚实的物质基础,掌握了…