一般城市融入都市经济圈一体化进程的路径选择

就都市经济圈内一般城市融入一体化进程的基本方向和主要路径进行分析,指出其具体的路径选择主要包括培育统一要素市场,对接产业分工与协作,融入都市圈快速交通圈,打造通用信息平台,遵循区域发展总体规划实施城镇体系发展分区规划,交流与共享人才资源,创新政府公共协调制度等方面.一般城市通过上述方式汇入都市圈一体化进程,以此实现整个都市圈,进而实现城市自身利益最大化的发展目标.     

What's Unique About the Federal Funds Rate? Evidence from a Spectral Perspective*

This paper compares the behaviour of the effective federal funds rate to 10 US interest rates with maturities ranging from overnight to 10 years. Using spectral estimation methods, we identified idiosyncratic shocks to the funds rate and provided evidence on their impact on other rates at various frequencies. Our results suggest that, while all of the interest rates examined have common shocks at low frequencies, the federal funds rate contains some unique information at high frequency, although this information appears to be relevant only at the short end of the term structure. In turn, these results are open to various alternative interpretations.     

Can social media lead to labor market discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment

In this paper, we investigate the role of social media as a source of information for recruiters to discriminate applicants. We set up a field experiment over a 12‐month period, involving more than 800 applications from two fictitious applicants which differed in their perceived origins, which is an information available only from their Facebook profiles. During the experiment, an unexpected change in the Facebook layout reduced the salience of the information available on social media profiles. Before this change, a significant 41.7% gap between the two applicants callback rates highlights that personal online profiles are used by recruiters as a source of information to discriminate against applicants of foreign origin. After the layout change that mitigates our signal, the difference in callback rates fades away. This result suggests that the screening conducted by the employers does not go beyond the main pages of profiles. It also illustrates that design choices made by online platforms may have important consequences on the extent of discrimination.     

Crowdsourcing not all sourced by the crowd: An observation on the behavior of Wikipedia participants

This study investigates the behavioral patterns of Wikipedia participants to obtain a picture of internal dynamics of the world's largest crowdsourcing platform. It observes the responses of people when “other” people enter a crowd where internal and external controls are mostly absent. From the analysis of 342 Wikipedia articles, this study shows that the overall tone of Wikipedia articles is mostly decided by a dominant few rather than by a trivial many, and such domination worsens as the number of participant increases and the article matures. This result contradicts a common belief on crowdsourcing that Wikipedia would reflect the voices of a vast majority, obtain a balanced solution, and attain democracy on the Internet. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by analyzing how effectively Wikipedia functions as a crowdsourcing platform within the context. It also implies that developing a proper crowdsourcing strategy such as effective management of a platform is necessary, especially when an organization has a specific goal to achieve throughout a project.     

Beyond the “ivory tower”. Comparing academic and non-academic knowledge on social entrepreneurship

The increasing relevance of societal challenges has recently brought social entrepreneurship to the fore due to its capacity to leverage entrepreneurial processes to achieve social value while ensuring profits. In this study, we apply an experimental research method to analyse the concept of social entrepreneurship comprehensively. More specifically, we develop bibliometric analysis and web crawling techniques to gather information related to social entrepreneurship from Scopus and Wikipedia. We conduct a comparative network analysis of social entrepreneurship’s conceptual structure at academic and non-academic levels. This analysis has been performed considering scientific articles’ keywords and Wikipedia webpages’ co-occurrences, enabling us to identify four different thematic clusters in both cases. Moreover, plotting the centrality and density of each cluster on a bi-dimensional matrix, we have sketched a strategic diagram and provided the thematic evolution of this research topic, based on the level of interaction among clusters, and the degree of cohesion of keywords in each cluster. This paper represents one of the first attempts in the entrepreneurship literature to shed light on the conceptual boundaries of a research topic based on the analysis of both a scientific and an open-source knowledge database. Our results reveal similarities and discrepancies between those two different sources of knowledge, and outline avenues for future studies at the intersection between social entrepreneurship and the research domains of digital transformation, performance measurement, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and ethics. We also call for a further conceptualisation of social entrepreneurship in the face of the increasing complexity that characterises grand challenges.

     

Impact of high-speed rail on urban economic development: An observation from the Beijing-Guangzhou line based on night-time light images

The high-speed rail (HSR) of China has developed and expanded rapidly and made great achievements in the past twenty years. The ongoing HSR plan is expected to have a significant impact on the urban economy and spatial structure in China. However, relevant data-driven research is still lacking. Traditional data collection approaches such as field surveys are costly to assure the accuracy of materials. In this study, a new remote sensing perspective of night-time light (NTL) was adopted to observe the long-term impact of the HSR on cities along the rail. More specifically, we investigated the impact of the Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (BGHSR) on urban economic development by using night-time light data from 2002 to 2018. Such a line connects the capital (located in the north of China) and southern China and lies on the most important geographic axis of the country. Our results find that the construction of BGHSR line has a considerable positive impact on economies of first-tier cities (e.g., Beijing and Guangzhou) and new-first-tier cities (e.g., Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Changsha), but also hurt some second-tier and third-tier cities such as Baoding and Handan. Generally, the spatial economic pattern of cities along the BGHSR line has been rapidly reshaped with the change of the transportation system. Each city needs to reconsider its role and value in the coming regionalization process to adapt to the national strategy.     

Jane Jacobs' ‘Cities First’ Model and Archaeological Reality

In The Economy of Cities, Jane Jacobs conjectured that the world's first cities preceded the origins of agriculture, a proposition that was most recently revived by Peter Taylor in the pages of this journal. Jacobs' idea was out of line with extant archaeological findings when first advanced decades ago, and it remains firmly contradicted by a much fuller corpus of data today. After a review of how and why Jacobs formulated her ‘cities first’ model, we review current archaeological knowledge from the Near East, China and Mesoamerica to document the temporal precedence of agriculture before urbanism in each of these regions. Contrary to the opinions of Jacobs and Taylor, archaeological data are in fact sufficiently robust to reconstruct patterns of diet, settlement and social organization in the past, and to assign dates to the relevant sites. Our response illustrates how generations of archaeological discoveries have yielded solid empirical foundations for the evaluation of wider social scientific debates.     

Overnight stock returns and realized volatility

The information flow in modern financial markets is continuous, but major stock exchanges are open for trading for only a limited number of hours. No consensus has yet emerged on how to deal with overnight returns when calculating and forecasting realized volatility in markets where trading does not take place 24 hours a day. Based on a recently introduced formal testing procedure, we find that for the S&P 500 index, a realized volatility estimator that optimally incorporates overnight information is more accurate in-sample. In contrast, estimators that do not incorporate overnight information are more accurate for individual stocks. We also show that accounting for overnight returns may affect the conclusions drawn in an out-of-sample horserace of forecasting models. Finally, there is considerably less variation in the selection of the best out-of-sample forecasting model when only the most accurate in-sample RV estimators are considered.     

How well does the weighted price contribution measure price discovery?

The weighted price contribution (WPC) is a popular measure for price discovery. This paper examines the theoretical properties and empirical performance of the WPC in sequential markets. The benchmark used to judge the WPC is the information share (IS) measure based on the variation of the efficient price. We derive the asymptotic value of the WPC, which is a complex combination of the unconditional means and variances of the returns of sequential markets, under the assumption of normality. We show that the WPC correctly converges to the IS only when the returns are uncorrelated with zero means. Our theoretical predictions based on normality hold well in simulations and in empirical analyses of the overnight price discovery for the S&P 100 index and its constituent stocks. As the correlation between overnight and daytime returns increases, the WPC deviates from the IS substantially.     

基于多网页信息隐藏算法研究

利用网页来传递秘密信息,为了保护信息不被攻击,针对现有的网页信息隐藏技术隐藏量较少、鲁棒性差和隐蔽性差等缺陷,本文提出了一种新的结合多网页隐藏信息的方法,将隐藏信息以二值图像应用于网页隐藏中。实验证明,该方法较好的隐藏性和安全性,具有较高的使用价值。     

Implications of alternate policies on welfare of slum dwellers: Evidence from Pune,India

In this paper we examine how slum dwellers value location-based amenities. In most developing country cities, residents living in slums have poor-quality dwellings and limited access to basic public services and amenities. Using data from Pune, India, we estimate the residential location choices of slum dwellers, which are conditional on housing quality, neighborhood amenities, and community structure. We use these estimates to simulate the impact of alternate interventions on household welfare. We find that households derive benefits from housing quality and neighborhood amenities. While relocating households to the periphery has adverse consequences for household welfare, we show that households could be adequately compensated out of the increased tax revenue accruing from alternative uses of the vacated central land.     

全球化对城市发展的影响与启示

分析了经济全球化对全球国家、城市与区域产生的影响,指出资金、商品、信息、人口的全球流动把全球经济紧密地联系在一起,促进了发展中国家的工业化与城市化进程,使城市各个方面产生深刻的变化,并演变为全球城市体系,城市已经成为国家参与全球竞争的核心力量;并结合中国的国情,指出中国的城市化应该走资源集约高效利用的城市化道路和低消耗、高效益的新型工业化道路,坚持区域统筹和城乡统筹,大力发展服务型城市和信息化城市。     

关于加强基础设施建设投资的若干问题

认为加大基础设施建设投资不仅是因为基础设施是城市赖以生存和发展的重要基础,是城市社会经济发展的龙头,是推动城市化进程的重要环节,更重要的是由基础设施建设促进的城市化必然产生实际的、长久的社会需求。在中国实现经济转型的多种路径选择中,加强城市基础设施的投入仍然是现实的和重要的途径。要把握基础设施准公共物品的基本特点,坚持政府在基础设施投入过程中的主导作用,坚持走以城镇基础设施投入推动城市化的路径。     

The impact of executive diversity on corporate innovation: Evidence from the natural experiment of high‐speed rail in China

We examine the impact of executive diversity on corporate innovation using an exogenous natural experiment: the implementation of high‐speed rail (HSR) in China. The findings suggest that after a city implements HSR, firms increase their executive diversity, resulting in better corporate innovation than firms in non‐HSR cities. Additional analysis suggests that when a firm belongs to a competitive industry, is located in a low marketization region, or operates in a poor transportation region, the impact of HSR on executive diversity and corporate innovation is magnified. Our findings carry implications for other emerging markets.     

资源型城市经济转型路径研究——以山东省枣庄市为例

资源型城市因资源消耗过度、环境污染、就业困难等问题,经济发展受到日趋严重的限制。以煤炭资源型城市———枣庄市为例,首先在明确资源型城市概念的基础上,分析了资源型城市发展所面临的重大经济、社会、资源环境问题。其次,通过资源型城市产业转型理论和模式分析,提出资源型城市的经济转型应以经济持续发展、公共服务均等化、生态环境与社会经济协调发展为目标。最后结合枣庄市自身资源特征、区位条件、发展阶段以及当前所面临的困境,提出了与枣庄市相似的资源型城市发展模式与对策,为进一步贯彻落实国务院关于促进资源型城市可持续发展的意见提供了科学依据。     

新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区城市群创新网络的冲击路径及应对策略

创新对疫后经济高质量恢复至关重要,但鲜有文献分析突发事件对跨地区合作创新网络的影响路径。本文将社会网络分析的节点影响力方法应用于创新网络冲击分析,使用联合申请专利数据,研究了新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区合作创新网络的影响路径。研究发现:创新网络中的高链接节点、高频节点、高紧密度节点和高外向度节点更容易受到冲击,冲击对于合作创新的两城市影响具有显著的不对称性,冲击通过具有中介中心属性的热点节点城市影响网络边缘城市。据此,本文建议:率先稳定和恢复高热度节点城市创新活动,提高城市之间合作创新活动恢复的协同度,加快城市群创新网络的恢复和重构,针对不同节点城市实施差异化的创新激励政策。     

How open innovation processes vary between urban and remote environments: slow innovators,market-sourced information and frequency of interaction

Geographic research on firm-level innovation is generally premised on the idea of open innovation, suggesting that innovation occurs more readily in urban settings or clusters, which generate local buzz and allow access to external actors. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that firms also introduce first-to-market innovations in remote locations. In this exploratory paper, building upon work by Philip McCann, we outline a conceptual framework that connects innovators (differentiated by information source and frequency of interaction with interlocutors) and location (distance from a metropolitan area): slow innovators, relying on non-market-sourced information and infrequent contacts, will be overrepresented in isolated locations. Fast innovators, relying on market-sourced information and frequent interactions, will locate closer to cities. Our results confirm this. Our interpretation of these results – slow innovators are more reliant on technological information which loses value more slowly than faster decaying market-oriented information – requires further investigation.     

RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION IN GENTRIFYING URBAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS: The Experience of Cultural Manufacturers in San Francisco and Melbourne

Recent urban scholarship shows how zoning and real estate dynamics shape ongoing processes of gentrification and deindustrialization. While studies demonstrate the impact of planning and property market pressures on the arts, less research has examined their effect on urban manufacturers in gentrifying industrial districts. Given the differential impact of zoning and real estate pressures, our research focuses specifically on how ‘cultural manufacturers’ negotiate changing land use patterns in gentrifying urban industrial areas in San Francisco and Melbourne. Our findings show how cultural manufacturers develop flexible workspace arrangements, business models and professional networks to negotiate urban restructuring and avoid displacement. Though innovative, these survival strategies provide limited ability to navigate structural barriers. Here, the presence of intermediary organizations can help coordinate a strategic response to industrial gentrification and indifferent planning policy. In our research we highlight the everyday practices of adaptation and collective action in an under-researched cultural sector to provide a counterweight to macro-scale transitional narratives. While cities have deindustrialized owing to technological and competitive pressures, to focus exclusively on this misses a range of resilience practices that have sustained manufacturers in restructuring cities.     

资源型城市接续主导产业的选择与研究——以东营市为例

本文以东营为例,分析了资源型城市存在着二元经济结构、产业结构不合理、石油开采难度与成本日益增大等许多现实问题。由此,本文运用因子分析的方法,重点研究了该市未来接续主导产业上的选择问题。