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1.
We propose a framework to study optimal trading policies in a one‐tick pro rata limit order book, as typically arises in short‐term interest rate futures contracts. The high‐frequency trader chooses to post either market orders or limit orders, which are represented, respectively, by impulse controls and regular controls. We discuss the consequences of the two main features of this microstructure: first, the limit orders are only partially executed, and therefore she has no control on the executed quantity. Second, the high‐frequency trader faces the overtrading risk, which is the risk of large variations in her inventory. The consequences of this risk are investigated in the context of optimal liquidation. The optimal trading problem is studied by stochastic control and dynamic programming methods, and we provide the associated numerical resolution procedure and prove its convergence. We propose dimension reduction techniques in several cases of practical interest. We also detail a high‐frequency trading strategy in the case where a (predictive) directional information on the price is available. Each of the resulting strategies is illustrated by numerical tests. 相似文献
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We consider an investor who has access both to a traditional venue and a dark pool for liquidating a position in a single asset. While trade execution is certain on the traditional exchange, she faces linear price impact costs. On the other hand, dark pool orders suffer from adverse selection and trade execution is uncertain. Adverse selection decreases order sizes in the dark pool while it speeds up trading at the exchange. For small orders, it is optimal to avoid the dark pool completely. Adverse selection can prevent profitable round‐trip trading strategies that otherwise would arise if permanent price impact were included in the model. 相似文献
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We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear equilibrium in three types of competitive market making models: Kyle type models (when market makers only observe aggregate net order flow), Glosten–Milgrom and Easley–O'Hara type models (when market makers observe and trade one order at a time), and call markets models (individual order models when market makers observe a number of orders before pricing and executing any of them). We study two cases: when privately informed (strategic) traders are symmetrically informed and when they have differential information. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the distributions of the random variables for a linear equilibrium. We also explore those features of the equilibrium that depend on linearity as opposed to the particular distributional assumptions and we provide a large number of examples of linear equilibria for each of the models. 相似文献
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逆向选择与中国电子商务市场声誉机制的本土性研究——以淘宝网为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前关于电子商务市场下声誉问题的研究更多地停留在对一般网络市场声誉评价机制设计以及声誉评价系统的效率研究上,对于网络环境下逆向选择问题对声誉机制的影响还缺乏系统的分析。文章以淘宝网香水市场交易数据为样本,对逆向选择环境下网络市场声誉机制的作用进行了实证分析,结果显示:具有本土性特征的淘宝网声誉机制能够有效抵消网络市场逆向选择问题,但是,电子商务市场逆向选择仍然在一定程度上影响到了声誉评价系统作用的发挥。文章还基于声誉机制模型在解决逆向选择时的缺陷,提出了声誉机制的改进模型,试图能有效地激励卖家与买家以诚实的交易来获取声誉度。 相似文献
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逆向选择视角下电子商务市场与传统市场间关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
电子商务的出现和快速成长反映出它对信息环境具有支配性的优点,这本身就意味着电子商务市场可能成为传统市场的替代。然而,逆向选择问题明显限制了这种替代效应程度。文章基于经典逆向选择模型,通过所构造的双市场(传统市场与电子商务市场)逆向选择模型,证明伴随着质量不确定性而诱发的逆向选择问题,在电子市场和传统市场之间会产生市场的不均衡,从而导致渠道冲突。文章试图揭示传统市场和电子商务市场并存的学理根源,得出两市场间市场细分的条件,对两市场间的渠道冲突提出新的解释,并据此提出了逆向选择下企业营销的策略建议。 相似文献
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We propose risk metrics to assess the performance of high‐frequency (HF) trading strategies that seek to maximize profits from making the realized spread where the holding period is extremely short (fractions of a second, seconds, or at most minutes). The HF trader maximizes expected terminal wealth and is constrained by both capital and the amount of inventory that she can hold at any time. The risk metrics enable the HF trader to fine tune her strategies by trading off different metrics of inventory risk, which also proxy for capital risk, against expected profits. The dynamics of the midprice of the asset are driven by information flows which are impounded in the midprice by market participants who update their quotes in the limit order book. Furthermore, the midprice also exhibits stochastic jumps as a consequence of the arrival of market orders that have an impact on prices which can give rise to market momentum (expected prices to trend up or down). The HF trader's optimal strategy incorporates a buffer to cover adverse selection costs and manages inventories to maximize the expected gains from market momentum. 相似文献
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浅析我国巨灾保险体系的构建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国是世界上巨灾风险比较严重的国家之一,保险业应在巨灾风险管理中发挥应有的功能。起到“减震器”的作用。2008年我国南方雪灾及四川地震暴露出我国现行巨灾保险制度存在的重大缺陷——巨灾造成损失的保险赔偿远低于全球平均水平,绝大部分损失靠政府的补贴和扶持,国内防范巨灾风险的基本保险险种几乎是空白。因此,巨灾保险制度的构建迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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市场信息严重不对称,将限制市场功能的发挥,降低市场交易效率,甚至会导致整个市场的失灵。国际贸易中也存在信息不对称和逆向选择问题,关系网理论是在交易成本说、资源稀缺及相互依赖说、体制理论说和社会资本说基础上产生的,运用这一理论可以提高企业运行效率,减少外部环境的不确定性,克服国际贸易交易中的市场失灵问题,进而对国际贸易发展具有一定促进作用。 相似文献
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逆向选择模型在食品安全中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张春梅 《商业经济(哈尔滨)》2009,(10)
食品安全问题是世界各国广泛关注的重要问题,也是目前国际上研究的热点问题.加强对食品安全问题的研究,不仅有利于我国自身食品安全体系的建立和完善,而且更有利于增加我国食品的科技含量,增强我国食品在国际上的影响力,提高我国食品工业产品在国际市场中的地位,进一步促进我国食品工业的快速发展.采用逆向选择模型构建食品安全社会信用体系,可以有效促进我国食品质量安全的提高,增强国际竞争力. 相似文献
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Execution traders know that market impact greatly depends on whether their orders lean with or against the market. We introduce the OEH model, which incorporates this fact when determining the optimal trading horizon for an order, an input required by many sophisticated execution strategies. This model exploits the trader's private information about her trade's side and size, and how it will shift the prevailing order flow. From a theoretical perspective, OEH explains why market participants may rationally “dump” their orders in an increasingly illiquid market. We argue that trade side and order imbalance are key variables needed for modeling market impact functions, and their dismissal may be the reason behind the apparent disagreement in the literature regarding the functional form of the market impact function. We show that in terms of its information ratio OEH performs better than participation rate schemes and VWAP strategies. Our backtests suggest that OEH contributes substantial “execution alpha” for a wide variety of futures contracts. An implementation of OEH is provided in Python language. 相似文献
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逆向选择和道德风险在投资过程中产生的原因是风险投资公司与风险企业两大交易体之间的不对称信息分布,通过深入分析逆向选择和道德风险在风险投资项目选择中的形成原理与过程,区分两类道德风险存在的问题,以期为完善委托代理理论奠定理论基础。 相似文献
13.
系统性风险、指数保险与发展中国家实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为一种与区域产量高度相关的金融产品,指数保险被认为是一种有效替代传统农业保险的风险管理工具。本文通过对指数推出动因及发展中国家指数保险试点项目的分析,认为指数保险的赔付方法能够节约交易费用和管理成本、其结构化设计可以细化农作物从种植到收获期不同阶段的风险。针对指数保险有效需要不足、基本风险较高、私人保险公司进入意愿等问题,本文提出从宣传、农业基础实施建设、指数保险与农村信贷互动等方面着手,扩大指数保险的覆盖面和实现指数保险的可持续发展。 相似文献
14.
This paper describes and analyzes the implementation of a crawling exchange rate band on an electronic trading platform. The placement of limit orders at the central bank's target rate serves as a credible policy statement that may coordinate beliefs of market participants. We find for our sample that intervention increases exchange rate volatility (and spread) for the next minutes but that intervention days show a lower degree of volatility (and spread) than non-intervention days. We also show for intraday data that the price impact of interbank order flow is smaller on intervention days than on non-intervention days. These stabilizing effects, however, rely on the conditions of large currency reserves and the existence of capital controls; an electronic market seems to support this goal. 相似文献
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16.
运用市场透明度理论,从信息不对称条件下垄断厂商的质量选择入手,分析消费方信息劣势与质量供给不足之间的经济学关系,阐述所带来的道德风险问题和逆向选择问题。加大对产品信息的弥补作用,发挥行业组织作用,建立市场信誉机制是解决质量供给不足问题的关键。 相似文献
17.
The classical literature on optimal liquidation, rooted in Almgren–Chriss models, tackles the optimal liquidation problem using a trade‐off between market impact and price risk. It answers the general question of optimal scheduling but the very question of the actual way to proceed with liquidation is rarely dealt with. Our model, which incorporates both price risk and nonexecution risk, is an attempt to tackle this question using limit orders. The very general framework we propose to model liquidation with limit orders generalizes existing ones in two ways. We consider a risk‐averse agent, whereas the model of Bayraktar and Ludkovski only tackles the case of a risk‐neutral one. We consider very general functional forms for the execution process intensity, whereas Guéant, Lehalle and Fernandez‐Tapia are restricted to exponential intensity. Eventually, we link the execution cost function of Almgren–Chriss models to the intensity function in our model, providing then a way to see Almgren–Chriss models as a limit of ours. 相似文献
18.
In financial markets, liquidity changes randomly over time. We consider such random variations of the depth of the order book and evaluate their influence on optimal trade execution strategies. If the stochastic structure of liquidity changes satisfies certain conditions, then the unique optimal trading strategy exhibits a conventional structure with a single wait region and a single buy region, and profitable round‐trip strategies do not exist. In other cases, optimal strategies can feature multiple wait regions and optimal trade sizes that can be decreasing in the size of the position to be liquidated. Furthermore, round‐trip strategies can be profitable depending on bid–ask spread assumptions. We illustrate our findings with several examples including the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model for the evolution of liquidity. 相似文献
19.
基于信息不对称性产生的逆向选择一直是微观经济学、信息经济学研究的重点。随着电子商务的蓬勃兴起,我国快递行业发展进入快车道。但是,多数快递企业竞争手段单一,服务单一,不注重品牌建设,集中于低端市场,顾客忠诚度低。本文利用逆向选择模型分析快递市场,指出品牌建设有助于缓解和改善信息不对称性对于企业和消费者的伤害,明确品牌建设对于快递企业的意义和作用。 相似文献
20.
This paper investigates the role of the individual specialist vis-à-vis that of the specialist firm on the quality of markets. While previous studies have not denied the importance of the individual, they have focused exclusively on the performance of the specialist firm. This study is the first empirical test of the specialist as an individual and his influence on market quality. By implication, it tests whether the firm is the appropriate level of analysis. Within specialist firms, we find significant differences in quoting behavior while the evidence on execution quality is mixed. Some firms are able to design an effective mechanism that enforces uniformity in goals of the members of the firm. Considering that exchanges are unable to impose such uniform performance, these firms appear to have better incentive or penalty systems in place. However, the existence of other firms where significant differences in execution quality exist, presents a challenge to policy makers, as differences in execution quality within a firm indicate that the disclosure of market quality needs to be at the post-level, not just at the firm level. 相似文献