Under the Cover of Antidumping: Does Administered Protection Facilitate Domestic Collusion?

Anecdotal evidence suggests that domestic firms can use the antidumping petition process to engage in collusion and increase domestic prices. In this paper, I test whether the antidumping petition process itself can help domestic firms raise prices. I propose a method to identify whether firms in the industry experience a structural break in the level of market power possessed by the firms at the time that they file their antidumping petition. I use this methodology to analyze the impact of antidumping petitions on competition levels in two industries. I find little evidence that either of these industries increased their market power following the filing of petitions for trade relief, nor even from the protection that resulted from these petitions. These findings suggest that the widespread belief that antidumping leads to more market power may not always hold.     

反倾销政策对企业生产决策行为的影响分析——基于DTGMIC模型

反倾销政策实施的主要目的是既能抑制国外产品的倾销,又能弥补国内产业遭受的损害,实现国内相关产业的发展。因此,反倾销政策制定的合适与否关系到其效果的实现程度。本文以反倾销政策对企业生产决策行为的影响为研究对象,通过构建动态两阶段非完全竞争博弈模型分析了反倾销政策对企业生产决策行为的影响过程,得出了相应的结论。该结论的得出为我国反倾销调查机关制定反倾销政策提供了相应的理论依据。     

The Effect of U.S. Antidumping Law on Firms' Market Power: An Empirical Test

An empirical version of the Lerner index is used to investigate the market power effects of U.S. firms seeking protection under current antidumping law. The market power consequences are examined for each of the three possible resolutions of an antidumping investigation: petition for relief accepted (and duties levied), petition rejected, or petition withdrawn. For each outcome an industry case study is presented and the market power analysis conducted. The results contained herein support the hypothesis that U.S. firms receiving protection enhance their domestic market power, while firms having their petition rejected experience a decrease in market power. The evidence is less clear for plaintiffs who withdraw their antidumping petition prior to its final resolution.     

浅谈反倾销对我国的影响及应对措施

20世纪90年代以后,西方国家经济普遍不景气,经济增长率低,失业率居高不下,使全球经济发展缓慢.因此各国为了保护本国产品的国内市场,频繁运用反倾销措施来限制外国产品进入.同时,由于乌拉圭回合协议的生效,要求各国大幅度削减关税和取消进口数量限制,各国为抵消这一谈判结果对本国工业的冲击,利用反倾销自由裁量权,纷纷采用反倾销这一便利而有效的措施.我国遭受反倾销调查的案件太多,这不仅严重影响了我国出口效率,也损害了我国的经济和政治形象.因此,我们要就其特点采取有效的应对措施加以解决.     

The Heterogeneous Effects of Trade Protection: A Study of US Antidumping Duties on Portland Cement

For many traded products, high transportation and trade costs can lead to regionally segmented markets, which affect both the pattern of trade and the impact of trade policy. This paper studies the imposition of antidumping duties in the cement industry and finds striking regional variation in their impact on domestic prices, sales and imports. Duties that were imposed on Japanese producers that were shipping cement to the US West-Coast coastal markets led to imperfect substitution to other imports, which allowed domestic prices and production to increase. Imperfect substitution also occurred following duties that were imposed on Mexican producers that were shipping cement to the US Gulf of Mexico coastal markets. But in the US Southwest border markets, the same duties had no impact on the domestic prices of cement. I link the variation in responses across regions to hysteresis that was due to high exit costs.     

回应反倾销博弈模型与案例分析

在比较分析外国对中国回应反倾销后，建立了一个回应反倾销博弈模型并给出了理论解释，结合美国对中国彩电回应反倾销案进行了具体剖析。本文认为了解对华回应反倾销，对找到外国对华反倾销的关键环节、有效预防外国对华反倾销并利用“回应反倾销”对外反倾销等有重要的意义。     

Antidumping and Production-Line Exit: The Case of the US Steel Industry

We present and examine a novel data set that contains production line information inside US steel plants. We exploit this highly disaggregated data to perform the first study of entry and exit behavior at the level of the production line within individual plants. Our empirical analysis reveals a number of interesting results. First, smaller production lines are more likely to shut down, as are lines that are owned by larger firms. Younger production lines and lines that have undergone modernization are more likely to survive. Our results indicate that lines that are operated by integrated producers are more likely to exit. We find no evidence, however, that antidumping decreases the likelihood of exit, despite the steel industry’s frequent use of antidumping protection.     

Foreign Ownership,Competition, and Survival Dynamics

The impact of foreign direct investment on host countries’ industrial sectors has received considerable attention. It is shown by many researchers that foreign plants are more productive than are domestic ones, but the empirical evidence regarding spillovers is not unambiguous. In this paper, we suggest that the impact of foreign direct investment on local industry hinges on the dynamics of foreign and domestic plants—i.e., on entry and selection (exit) processes. Our analysis of foreign investment and competition dynamics in Turkish manufacturing industry for the period 1983–2001 indicates that foreign plants have a better performance level than do domestic ones when they are first established in the local market, and, subsequently, are more likely to survive but; the difference in survival probabilities disappears when the industry and/or plant characteristics are controlled for. Moreover, foreign presence seems to have no long-term effect on the survival prospects of domestic plants.      

FDI spillovers in an emerging market: the role of foreign firms' country origin diversity and domestic firms' absorptive capacity

Prior literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers has mainly focused on how the presence of FDI affects the productivity of domestic firms. In this study, we advance the literature by examining the effect of the diversity of FDI country origins on the productivity of domestic firms. We propose that the diversity of FDI country origins can facilitate FDI spillovers by increasing the variety of technologies and management practices brought by foreign firms, to which domestic firms are exposed and that they can potentially utilize. Further, the extent to which domestic firms can utilize these technologies and practices depends upon their absorptive capacity. Using panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms during the period 1998–2003, our results support these propositions. We find that the diversity of FDI country origins in an industry has a positive relationship with the productivity of domestic firms in the industry. This positive relationship is stronger when domestic firms are larger, and when the technology gap between FDI and the domestic firms is intermediate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国反倾销与对华直接投资相关性实证研究

反倾销是目前研究的热点之一,本文从中国反倾销与外商对华直接投资相关性这个角度,利用企业水平的模型进行回归实证分析,并结合案例,得出中国反倾销与外商对华直接投资之间存在正的相关性。结果表明,中国的反倾销会引起外商对华直接投资的增加,特别是跨国公司对华直接投资的增加。     

反倾销：中国面对的形势与应对措施

随着中国国内经济不断增长和对外贸易的不断发展壮大,其与各贸易伙伴之间的贸易摩擦也在日益加剧,面临的反倾销形势也十分严峻。文章从反倾销的一般特征出发,结合世界经济的总体态势和中国经济具体运行情况,分析了中国对外贸易近年来不断遭遇反倾销的现状、原因。在上述分析的基础上,进一步提出了中国政府和企业在应对反倾销指控中应当采取的一些对策措施。     

Antidumping Duties and Plant-Level Restructuring

This paper examines the effect of antidumping duties on the restructuring activities of protected plants. Using a dataset that contains the full population of U.S. manufacturers, I find that protected plants increase their capital intensities modestly relative to unprotected plants, but only when antidumping duties have been in place for a sufficient duration. I find little effect of antidumping duties on a proxy for the skilled labor intensity of protected plants.     

强化反倾销规避措施的思考

反倾销售规避是国际经济贸易竞争日益加剧和生产商追逐最大商业利益前提下的产物 ,许多国家都将反倾销规避措施体现在反倾销立法当中。     

处于后配额时代的中国纺织业

纺织品配额的取消对中国纺织业的发展既是机遇又是挑战,配额取消后,阻碍贸易的因素仍然存在,如美、欧盟的设限及反倾销。此外我国纺织企业本身存在很多不足,如出口现状仍是靠数量和低价取胜,品牌不具国际性等。我国纺织业若能借此良机,改变经营方式,提高品质,最终实现由中国制造向中国品牌的转变,才能自如参与“后配额时代”的全球竞争。     

Horizontal integration in the Dutch financial sector

In this paper, the consequences of cross-shareholding in an n-firm industry are analyzed. Our attention focuses on the case where firms have silent interests in each other. These interests can be direct or indirect. We analyze the effects of cross-shareholding on the price–cost margins in a Cournot and a Bertrand setting. In all cases, competition is reduced due to shareholding interlocks. As an empirical example the Dutch financial sector is used. Comparing the case of shareholding with the case of no-shareholding, the price–cost margins are found to be up to 2% higher in a Bertrand market, and at least 8% higher in a Cournot market.     

The survival of new domestic and foreign‐owned firms

We compare the survival of new domestic and foreign‐owned firms. We analyze the determinants of the survival of new firms and investigate whether foreignness accounts for significant differences in the survival of new foreign and new domestic firms. We find survival to be determined by ownership advantages, size and growth strategies, the internal organization of firms, and by industry characteristics such as economies of scale, and industry entry and growth. After controlling for these characteristics, we find that domestic and foreign firms do not exhibit different chances of survival, that they respond in similar fashions to the determinants of survival and display identical time patterns of exit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

构建我国煤矿安全生产保障体系的思考

我国煤矿安全事故近年频繁发生，煤矿安全生产成为国内外关注的重要热点问题。本文通过对煤矿安全生产过程特点与规律的总结发现：我国煤矿安全事故发生的根本原因在于没有构建一套综合的、系统的、严密的、持续改进的煤矿安全生产保障体系。为此，本文从我国煤矿安全生产的思想、制度、监察、技术、全员和全过程等方面出发．初步构建了一套综合的、系统的、严密的、持续改进的煤矿安全生产保障体系与运行模式．并提出了我国近期遏制煤矿安全事故的制度措施。     

Benefit or damage? The productivity effects of FDI in the Chinese food industry

We investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the total factor productivity of Chinese food firms using firm-level census data between 1998 and 2007 (174,940 sample food firms). We test for within-firm, within-industry, and vertical effects. We find that the effect of FDI on the productivity of Chinese food firms depends significantly on the type of FDI and its countries of origin. FDI from non-HMT (Hong Kong, Macaw and Taiwan) regions can improve the productivity of the invested firm, and also increases the productivity of domestic food firms through vertical industry linkages. However, domestic food firms may be crowded out by non-HMT investment in the same industry. HMT investment can generate positive within-industry productivity spillovers, but negative vertical spillovers. Our findings have immediate implications for policymakers in China, as well as for governments of less developed countries that are formulating foreign investment policies.     

中国石油石化工业的业绩和部分竞争能力分析

我国石油石化业以三大石油石化公司(中石油、中石化、中海油)为产业核心。其竞争实力，正在快速跻身于世界石油大公司的行列。但尚存在较大差距，跨国经营程度、企业经营效益、企业规模、加油站营销水平等均不如国外大企业；石油资源的接替矛盾十分突出，石油可储采量低于采出量。因此，加快开发和增产国内原油，开拓和利用海外油气资源，跻身跨国经营行列，发展炼油石化的规模化经营，建立战略石油储备体系，减员增效，是实施中国石油工业可持续发展的战略所在。     

Effects of trade and agricultural policies on the structure of the U.S. tomato industry

Over the last few decades, accelerated growth of Mexican tomato imports to the United States has caused several trade disputes with U.S. growers. A data-driven approach was used to analyze trade flows in the tomato industry from 1970 to 2015 and all structural changes to policy interventions implemented during the same period were linked. Tests for endogenous breakpoints reveal that NAFTA and trade pricing policies are two of the main factors that caused structural changes in the tomato industry in 1992 and 1999. While U.S. agricultural policies sought to protect domestic tomato producers, they did not stop Mexican tomatoes from taking an important share of the U.S. market. Mexican imports to the United States, especially post-NAFTA, have a high explanatory power for U.S. domestic production.