ICP-AES法同时测定铁矿石中Al2O3、P、MgO、CaO、Cu、As、Zn、Pb、Mn含量

[目的]建立快速、准确并可同时测定铁矿中多种杂质含量的方法.[方法]样品用盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸处理一次溶样,优化仪器工作条件,利用国家标准溶液,根据待测元素含量配制相对的标准系列,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法.[结果]用本方法检测限为0.2～56.6 μg/mL,相对标准偏差CV＜5%,各项回收率95%～109%.[结论]本方法具有较高的准确度,精密度,可满足口岸检测要求.     

微波消解测定食品中Pb、As等金属元素方法的研究

[目的]探讨微波密闭消解在食品中重金属元素检验的前处理方法.[方法]对微波消解法进行了精密度、回收率等实验.[结果]方法的回收率90%-105%,相对标准偏差1.0%-3.7%.[结论]微波密闭消解法对一般食品中Pb、As、Hg等金属元素检测的样品处理有良好的效果,优于湿式消解法,能满足快速分析的要求.     

HG—AFS法快速测定食品中的铅含量

[目的]建立一种快速测定食品中铅含量的方法.[方法]采用微波消解样品,原子荧光光谱法测定铅元素.[结果]消解所用试剂显著减少,操作简便,快速高效,空白值低,结果准确可靠.[结论]本法简单、准确、经济、可靠、快速,适用于各类食品.     

纺织品防紫外线性能测试方法及仪器研制

[目的]设计出满足GB/T17032-1997基本要求,软硬软件互补、操作简便、便于数据处理、显示、保存,人机对话功能良好,能准确、快速检测纺织品防紫外线性能的仪器.[方法]该项目运用系统分析、有效控制方法,采用先进技术,研究完成了我国首台自行设计、自行研究、自行制造的织物紫外线透过率的检测仪器.[结果]该仪器各项技术指标达到了以下要求紫外线相对强度精度≤1%;标准样片测试结果CV值≤3%;每份样品测试时间不超过10min;测试窗口尺寸小于10mm.[结论]经以中国工程院院士姚穆为首的审定委员会审定认为该仪器设计科学合理、结构严谨、自动化程度高,检测快速,结果准确,关键技术达到国际先进水平.     

微波消解-FI-HG-AAS法测定中药材中汞和砷含量的研究

[目的]建立快速、准确地测定中药材中汞和砷含量的方法.[方法]微波消解处理样品,流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收法检测.[结果]汞在0.002 mg/L～0.02 mg/L浓度范围内线形良好,检出限为0.0004mg/L;砷在0.02 mg/L～0.16 mg/L浓度范围内线形良好,检出限为0.001mg/L,相关系数均大于0.99990;汞的回收率在85.0%～93.8%,砷的回收率在89.4%～102.0%,相对标准偏差分别为5.5%和4.1%.[结论]该方法省时、节能、准确度高.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铬矿中Cr、Fe、Ca、Si、S、P等元素

[目的]选定X射线荧光光谱法测定Cr、Fe、Si、S、P等元素的背景,找出谱线重叠的校正方法.[方法]采用熔融法制样,用X射线荧光光谱仪对铬矿中Cr、Fe、Si、S、P等组分进行测定,用理论α系数法进行基体效应和谱线重叠干扰校正.[结果] 用该法测定进口铬矿样品,其测试结果与化学分析值基本相符,回收率96.3%～103.2%范围.[结论]该方法简便、快速、准确,能满足日常分析要求.     

高效液相色谱荧光法测定水产品中四环素类残留量

[目的]建立应用高效液相色谱荧光法测定水产品中四环素类药物残留量方法.[方法]通过对水产样品的提取、净化研究及仪器条件的选择和优化,采用荧光检测器一次测定痕量土霉素、四环素和金霉素.[结果]方法的检出限土霉素(OTC)0.005 mg/kg;四环素(TC)0.005 mg/kg;金霉素(CTC)0.010 mg/kg.加标回收率土霉素(OTC)61.0%～78.2%;四环素(TC)81.4%～83.0%;金霉素(CTC)69.0%～73.8%.[结论]本方法样品前处理简单,灵敏度高,能满足各国对水产品中四环素类药残检测低限的要求.     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定各类食品中的铜

[目的]建立一次消化可同时测定铅、铜等多种金属元素,能有效缩短工作时间,降低劳动强度,提高工作效率,满足检验检疫系统快速、高效、准确的工作要求的方法.[方法]本文通过四因素三水平正交试验,统计分析确定各类食品中铜的最佳微波消解条件,结合原子吸收分光光度法测定食品中的铜.[结果]方法检出低限为0.5mg/Kg;平均回收率为93.5%～106.0%;室内相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.22%～15.2%,室间RSD为2.57%～17.6%;对大米粉和茶叶标准物质分别进行12次测定,铜测定值均在给定值范围内,RSD为3.19%和2.81%;用本法和国标法对奶粉、茶叶、咖啡、可可粉、罐头、糖果等几类样品分别进行平行试验,结果t=-0.577,P=0.574,表明两法的测定结果基本一致.[结论]方法简便快速,准确可靠,重复性及再现性好.     

高压消解法一次消解测定奶粉中11种金属元素

[目的]找到快速、有效、符合准确测试要求的消解奶粉的方法.[方法]采用全密封的聚四氟乙烯消化罐高温高压消化法.[结果]样品消解只需7～8h,试剂消耗量小,空白值低,无容器吸附、消化过程无沾污,回收完全.经对实际奶粉样品中11种元素进行检测和加标实验,其变异系数为1.38%～4.84%,回收率为92.0%～105%,检测低限能达到要求.[结论]该方法准确快速,符合测定要求.     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯霉素残留的酶联免疫分析法

[目的]建立测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯霉素残留的酶联免疫分析法.[方法]用乙酸乙酯对样品中的氯霉素残留进行提取,用酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测.[结果]方法检测低限为0.075μg/kg;在0.1μg/kg和0.3μg/kg两个添加水平,样品加标回收率分别为85%～120%和91%～119%;重复性试验CV%分别为6.35%和5.31%;重现性试验CV%分别为11.88%和12.92%.[结论]本方法灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合残留分析质量控制的要求,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯霉素残留的快速检测.     

风暴中的台州

在台州,跑路并不鲜见,几乎年年都有,为何非逃不可？ 因为,借贷昔碰了“刀款”。这种借贷方式往往伴有暴力讨债,欠债人一日不还钱,全家不得安生。 当温州企业连环倒闭、温州老板大面积跑路、温州189％家庭涉及民间借贷等不无夸张的信息的同时,台州少数老板亦跑路外逃,放“刀款”者缩小规模。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定出口食品级磷酸中铜、镍、铅、锰、镉、钛

【目的】建立快速、准确并可同时测定食品级磷酸中铜、镍、铅、锰、镉、钛含量的方法。【方法】食品级磷酸样品直接稀释20倍后,用ICP—AES仪测定溶液中待测元素特征谱线的强度,采用标准品加入法定量。【结果】本方法测定食品级磷酸中铜、镍、铅、镉、钛的测定低限为1mg／kg,锰的测定低限为0．1mg／kg。室间相对标准偏差RSD〈13％,各项回收率85%-112％。【结论】能够满足出入境检验检疫实验室以及企业产品质量把关对食品磷酸中多种金属含量的一次性测定的需要。     

PRODUCT RETURNS PROCESSING: AN EXAMINATION OF PRACTICES OF MANUFACTURERS,WHOLESALERS/DISTRIBUTORS,AND RETAILERS

Few research studies have published specific empirical data regarding the reverse logistics practices of companies. This multi‐stage study employed interviews, site visits, and a mail survey to collect responses from 230 members of the Warehousing Education and Research Council (WERC) regarding their reverse logistics practices. Results suggest that in spite of the growing importance of reverse logistics, few executives have product return processing as their primary responsibility and often undertake this activity along with other job responsibilities. Most firms handle the product returns process themselves and typically within the same facilities that handle forward logistics. Returning items directly to stock, repackaging and returning to stock, and selling as scrap, were the three top disposition options employed by firms. Results indicate that, contrary to general understanding, the majority of retailers and wholesalers reported a recovery rate of over 75% of product cost. Several hypotheses developed from the published literature on reverse logistics were tested. In many instances, these hypotheses were formulated on anecdotal information or single case studies and had not been empirically tested prior to this research being conducted.     

雷州半岛伊蚊种群构成、分布及密度调查

[目的]了解雷州半岛伊蚊种群构成、分布和密度情况,为媒介生物防制和登革热等热带传染病监测工作提供科学依据.[方法]采用幼虫指数调查法.[结果]共捕获5000多条伊蚊幼虫,经鉴定为1科1属2种.分布埃及伊蚊在雷州市的企水镇、乌石镇发现;白纹伊蚊遍布雷州半岛.密度共调查445户、621处孳生地;其中阳性户100户、阳性孳生地132处,平均密度房屋指数22、溶器指数21、布雷图指数30;南北不同区域无明显差异;不同生境有显著差异,密度高低依次为农村住宅、城镇住宅、渔船和度假村.[结论]雷州半岛存在传播登革热、黄热病等热带传染病的传播媒介--埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊.需随时掌握其密度变化和周边传染病流行动态,及时做好媒介控制工作,以防患于未燃.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE DECISION TO FILE,THE DUMPING ESTIMATES,AND THE OUTCOME OF ANTIDUMPING PETITIONS

The goal of this article is to identify industries filing successful petitions in good times according to demand, capacity utilization, concentration, and import-penetration ratio under the U.S. antidumping procedures and using U.S. data. Good times means that the domestic industry is facing increasing consumption prior to filing. This article examines: (a) the relation between the dumping estimates and the conditions facing the petitioning industry prior to filing; (b) the relation between the dumping estimates and the outcome of the petitions; and (c) the factors affecting the probability of filing, the dumping estimates, and the probability of success of a petition. The decision to file and the probability of success of petitions are estimated using univariate probit and a bivariate probit model with sample selection. The dumping estimates are analyzed using a Tobit model. The primary metal products and the stone and concrete industries are also analyzed separately. The empirical analysis indicates that the import-penetration ratio, capacity utilization, and the dumping estimates by the Department of Commerce (DOC) are the significant factors in explaining the outcome of the petitions. The import penetration ratio, the concentration level, and the interaction of concentration and capacity utilization are the significant factors in explaining the decision to file. The analysis shows that in case of high-capacity utilization (proxy for high demand), less concentrated industries are more likely to file, but highly concentrated industries are more likely to receive protection. The results also show that the level of concentration of the petitioning industry, import-penetration, and the dumping estimates provided by the petitioning industries explain the dumping margins estimated by the DOC as the basis for the antidumping duty. This suggests that the relief or protection that the petitioning industry receives may not entirely be based on technical standards.     

汉堡——北欧地区的物流枢纽

随着货物流通的日益全球化，物流业面临了空前的挑战和机遇。在欧洲的海港城市中，汉堡这个大都市做得非常出色，他们为企业提供了完美的发展条件。凭借其优越的地理位置，以及其超群的海运，内河航运能力，以及与公路，铁路和航空的联运能力，汉堡已经发展成世界贸易领域里一流的物流枢纽。     

GROWTH,COMMODITY PRICES,INFLATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

A primary commodity price boom is underway. Given the role of internationally traded primary commodities as inputs into the productive process in the industrialized world, an important question arises: namely what effects will this price‐boom exert upon wage and price inflation in industrialized countries? In order to address this question, we specify and estimate a system of equations in which the key dependent variables are world commodity prices, the domestic inflation rate for finished goods and the rate of domestic industrial wage inflation. This model is estimated against data for each of three major industrialized countries: Japan, the UK and the USA and the implications of the results thus obtained are explored.     

A REVIEW OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMPTION,SELECTION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF MEAT PURCHASES

A review was undertaken to consolidate research findings regarding consumption, selection, and acceptability of meat purchases. Discussions are presented on factors influencing consumption of various kinds and cuts of meat, the influence of quality grades upon selection of meat purchases, factors influencing consumer selection of meat purchases, and factors influencing the acceptability of meat after purchase.