效益转移在陕北煤炭开发环境损失评估中的应用

为了正确评价煤炭开发利用所得到的真实收入，不但要将煤炭开发利用中所造成的自身价值折耗从收入中剔除，还要扣除其对生态环境破坏所造成的价值损失。本文利用CVM方法对陕北地区神木县大柳塔镇、西沟乡和榆阳区牛家梁镇3个乡镇在煤炭开发过程中所造成的生态环境价值损失进行了定性分析和定量评价，提出当地的最小补偿意愿（WTAC）主要与当地百姓对环境破坏的态度（Atu）和当地的户均收入（Income）正相关；给出大柳塔镇、西沟乡和牛家梁镇三地由于煤炭开采过程中造成的环境破坏百姓愿意接受的户均最小补偿意愿每年分别为4634，524元、2671.348元和4813.265元。在此基础上，展开效益转移法在陕北煤炭开发环境损失评估中的精度和可靠性研究。研究结果表明，当使用效益转移法求某地的最小补偿意愿时，其已研究地和决策地之间必须具有相同或极相近的环境对象和社会经济变量，否则会造成效益转移的结果不可靠，给出过高或过低的估计值，为效益转移法在不可再生资源跨区域环境损失中的研究提供理论和现实依据。     

Exploring Benefit Transfer: Disamenities of Waste Transfer Stations

The benefit transfer method was developed as an alternative way to value externalities using values from studies of similar circumstances, carried out at similar sites somewhere else, given the challenges and high costs inherent in assessing the actual cost. Specifically, in order to test the performance of the benefit transfer method, employing hedonic price models, this study focused on estimates of disamenities associated with waste transfer stations at four different cities in Israel. The sites were intentionally selected to represent a variety of circumstances. We transferred the estimated benefit function from a “study site” to a “policy site”. The goodness of fit was examined by comparing the calculated value, with actual data from the policy site. To test the sensitivity of the benefit transfer function to socioeconomic and housing characteristics, it was repeatedly applied to different sets of observations. The findings suggest that a relatively large number of alternative benefit functions are transferable. Statistical inequality outcome regarding the degree of similarity between samples does not unequivocally rule out the appropriateness of transferring environmental values across studies. Transfer errors varied between −21% and +29%, and the absolute average error for all transfers was 15.4%. Errors were lower for transfer between relatively similar cities in terms of size and location and between sub-samples that were similar in socioeconomic characteristics and housing type. However, when a site with very dissimilar data was involved, the average absolute error rose to 19%.     

Benefit Transfer in Europe: How Reliable Are Transfers between Countries?

The benefits for specific health impacts related to air and water quality were measured in simultaneous contingent valuation surveys conducted in five different European countries. Consistent inter-country differences in willingness to pay to avoid ill health episodes could not be explained by measurable differences in individual characteristics. International transfer of unit values resulted in an average transfer error of 38%. Accounting for measurable differences among countries in health status, income and other demographic measures, either through ad hoc adjustments to the transferred values or through value function transfer, did not improve transfer performance.     

National and International Benefit Transfer Testing with a Rigorous Test Procedure

Benefit transfer, as a mean to transfer values from existing monetary valuation studies to new policy sites, has been in use for many years. This paper aims to analyze the forecasting quality of benefit transfer by applying a rigoroust-test – also referred to as Accuracy-t-test – that takes into account testing errors which were made in previous surveys. Beside the analysis of national benefit transfers based on two German contingent valuation studies additional efforts were made to investigate into the validity and accuracy of international benefit transfer by considering two Norwegian studies that employed a similar survey design.     

关注关联方利益输送的新动向

上市公司关联方交易及其利益输送一直是市场关注的热点问题,中国上市公司关联方之间的交易及其利益输送十分普遍,对其的公正评价至为困难,成为困扰中国证券市场的一个难题。在中国监管当局颁发了一系列行政法规、强化监管的今天,中国上市公司及其关联方的关联交易及其利益输送呈现出一些以前所没有的、新的特征。     

Environmental Goods and the Distribution of Income

The paper presents a (theoretical) investigation of the distributional impacts of environmental commodities. It introduces an appropriate framework, defines concepts for measuring benefits and examines the determinants of benefit incidence within this setup. Its emphasis is on methodology and on recognizing the relevant economic variables and information. It turns out that in an equal-preference model the magnitude of the income elasticity of marginal willingness to pay for an environmental good is the crucial variable determining progressivity. It is related to a number of other elasticities which are more easily accessible to an empirical estimation.     

Context-Sensitive Benefit Transfer Using Stated Choice Models: Specification and Convergent Validity for Policy Analysis

Benefit transfer has been an important, practical policy tool appealing to government agencies, especially when time or budget is constrained. However, the literature fails to support convergent validity of benefit transfer using the stated-preference method. This empirical study conducts four convergent validity assessments of benefit transfer using the choice modeling method and data from Rhode Island and Massachusetts, regarding coastal land management. The comparisons evaluate how individual characteristics improve benefit transfer and yield insights relevant to research specifications to produce studies adaptable for transfer applications. Empirical tests show benefit transfer using choice modeling may be acceptable, and even empirically valid, depending on the policy objectives and the context.     

基于组织购买过程变迁追踪关键意见领袖的研究

关键意见领袖是组织市场销售的着力点,目前测定意见领袖的研究以消费者市场为主,围绕组织购买过程寻找关键意见领袖还鲜有研究。根据组织购买过程信息传播的特性,提出了组织意见领袖的影响力驱动组织购买过程的概念模型,结合实例建立了组织购买的随机Petri网模型,对组织购买各阶段的信息处理能力进行评价,通过对驱动购买信息流动的各阶段关键人影响力的分析追踪关键意见领袖,对提高销售活动效率、促成组织销售的实现具有重要意义。     

环境收益分配的不公平性及其转移机制

环境收益在经济主体以及地区间的分配状态不但关系社会公平、更关系发展的持续性。本文构建了环境红利在经济主体和地区间分配格局的测度模型,以便为环境补偿定价提供依据。结果表明:企业是环境红利的最大摄取者,比例高达41%。比较而言,农村居民比城镇居民享受了更多的环境红利,其比例分别为21%和19%。政府分配比例在分税制改革后由14%上升至19%。但是政府比例的上升并非来自企业,而是来自农村居民分配比例的下降。地区间污染成本的转嫁并非一般认为的自东向西跨越,而是由近及远渐进式的,东中部地区始终承受着比西部高得多的环境成本。所以,在中央地方的税收分成中,引入各地区环境成本的权重,有助于提高税收安排的合理性。而征收价外的环境税则是遏制企业环境滥用冲动的有效手段。     

生态环境之刑法保护——以环境利益为视角的审视

传统人类中心主义法益观有被动滞后的弊端,而晚近生态中心主义法益观亦存在诸多无法回避的问题.在刑事领域应将环境利益扩充为保护法益,以求修正传统人类中心主义法益观的固有缺陷,并由此拓宽环境资源刑事法律保护的新视野.     

新疆网络舆情信息传播的统计分析

随着新疆互联网的不断普及,网络舆情信息的传播对民众的日常生活影响日益加大.研究发现,各大网站的论坛、微博、博客等是新疆网络舆情信息传播的主要载体,青年人或年龄偏大的知识分子是网民的主体.在信息化的今天,掌握信息传播规律,建立科学的网络舆情体系和有效的沟通方式有助于政府了解民意、提高办事效率,也有助于提升政府应对网络舆情的能力.     

Benefit Transfer: A Comparison of WTP for Air Quality between France and Germany

A contingent valuation study was carried out under similar conditions on two sites simultaneously: Strasbourg (France) and Kehl (Germany) in order to test the reliability of the benefit transfer method. On average, the air quality is approximately the same in the two cities. Using a transfer of the benefit function, we compared the direct estimated benefits from improved air quality with the transferred benefits in the same city. The originality of this test is that the valued good is the same in both cities, which means that the transfer is an intra-site transfer. However our findings show that the method of benefit transfer was not generally valid. Indeed inhabitants of Kehl declared a higher price for their state of health and air quality than inhabitants in Strasbourg. This result could be explained by a stronger sensitivity to environmental problems in Germany.     

从“底线型”利益到“增长型”利益——农民工利益诉求的转变与劳资关系秩序

广东南海本田工人的罢工标志着农民工的利益诉求正从“底线型”利益向“增长型”利益转变。“底线型”利益受法规保护并有清晰的利益标准,“增长型”利益没有正式的法规保护和清晰的利益标准。“底线型”利益纠纷,个体可以通过仲裁和诉讼来解决,而“增长型”利益纠纷没有仲裁和诉讼的通道,只能依靠集体力量得到解决。虽然集体谈判日益成为解决“增长型”利益纠纷的机制,但是“谈判”只是实现“增长型”利益诉求的必要条件,并不当然地是充分条件,除非有“集体行动”的介入。建立社会主义市场经济下的劳资关系秩序,必须理清罢工的法律地位问题、罢工的权利边界问题、工会的组织效能问题。面对“底线型”利益纠纷,政府扮演的是监督者和执法者的角色,面对“增长型”利益纠纷,政府扮演的是协调者的角色。     

国有上市公司投资者保护:基于控制权私有收益的检验

目前的研究对国有上市公司在投资者保护方面的效果褒贬不一.从控制权私有收益理论出发,以1997～2006年10间发生控制权转移事件的公司为样本,对国有上市公司中国有股权与控制权私有收益之间的关系进行了分析.研究发现了国有股东在投资者利益保护方面的双重作用:总体而言,国有股东相对于非国有股东能够提供更好的投资者利益保护,但在相对控股的范围内,更高的持股比例将导致投资者利益保护更差.     

高校网络舆论危机的应对机制

高校网络舆论危机的发展经过危机的潜在爆发期;危机的爆发期;危机的消散期。针对高校网络舆论危机的阶段性,应建立高校网络舆论危机的应对机制可以从预防,处理和反思三个方面着手,再根据高校网络舆论危机的特点,制定预防机制,监控机制、联动机制和危机的善后机制。     

土地利用规划实施生态效益的几点思考

文章在对土地利用总体规划实施生态效益的内涵进行界定的基础上,阐述了现阶段土地利用总体规划实施生态效益评价的内容,提出土地利用总体规划实施生态效益的保障措施。     

陕西省南郑县户用沼气池经济效益分析

本文通过对陕西省南郑县产用沼气泡成本、收益和经济效益的分析评价，希冀以效益促进户用沼气池的推广。通过投入要土的企敏度分析，指出户用沼气池推广的关键因土，并提出对策性建议。     

福建造福工程政策变迁及发展趋势分析

梳理研究了福建造福工程政策的演变历程,根据造福工程政策的特点,该工程大致可以分为四个阶段：酝酿阶段、起步阶段、稳步阶段、跨越阶段。在分析了各阶段政策特征后,指出了造福工程存在问题,并对造福工程政策改进方向进行了阐述。     

经济利益背景下的侵犯知识产权犯罪刍议

知识产权制度的产生存在着深刻的利益背景,侵犯知识产权犯罪是利益权衡下的结果。法网的相对严密并不意味着侵犯知识产权犯罪就可以得到有效制止,控制这种犯罪行为的制度设计,应当是能促使市场主体为了自身的最大利益理性地选择尊重知识产权。从本源上控制犯罪的发生,保证在侵权后犯罪人能够受到法律迅疾且严厉的惩罚才是解决问题的关键。     

中国世界地质公园空间分布特征与旅游发展对策

全面系统研究了中国世界地质公园的空间分布结构和旅游效益等特征,提出中国世界地质公园未来发展应调整建设中心及方向、通过形式创新等手段全方位展示地质遗迹景观科学内涵等相关建议,力图使中国世界地质公园体系完备、均衡发展。