农业银行新业务人员职业道德专论之二:信用卡业务人员的职业道德

一、信用卡业务的职业特点(一)组织上的国际性。信用卡业务具有严密的组织和庞大的体系。一九九○年中国农业银行加入的万事达卡国际组织,成立于一九六六年,是由美国加州联合银行卡协会发展起来的全球性信用卡协会组织。到一九九二年末它拥有会员银行30000多家,其会员银行发行的信用卡统称为"万事达卡"。同时,中国农业银行还加入了VISA(维萨)卡国际组织。因此,这种严密的组织性,是信用卡业务的特点之一。(二)功能上的多样性。中国农业银行于一九九一年二月正式发行的"金穗信用卡",具有转帐结算、     

信息失密--银行卡不堪承受之重

据报道，总部设在美国纽约的万事达信用卡国际公司6,El17日晚宣布，由于一名黑客侵入“信用卡第三方付款处理系统”，包括万事达、维萨、美国运通银行和发现金融服务公司在内的各种信用卡，约4000多万用户的数据资料可能失窃。这是近年来美国发生的最大规模的银行卡客户资料泄密事件。万事达公司承认，目前已接到了至少6．8万名用户的举报，称账户已被人盗用消费。     

打造金融服务的强势品牌——在“中国银行业前景”(上海)会议的演讲

背景资料:银行卡的右下方都有一排英文字母 ,“VISA”或者是“MASTERCARD” ,它是两个国际信用卡组织的名称。其中 ,VISA是维萨卡组织的英文名称。维萨作为全球支付系统的领袖,目前有4000万张维萨卡在流通 ,有2200万个商店或银行可以接受维萨卡(它为21000多家金融机构服务) ,每     

银行卡产业发展政府责无旁贷

银商之争是中国银行卡产业发展的阶段性问题 纵观国际银行卡市场发展的轨迹我们可以知道,银行信用卡是由商业信用卡发展而来的。在信用卡发源地——美国,商业信用卡比银行信用卡早了将近半个     

试论银行卡产业发展中的银商关系重塑

一、引言 （一）“银商之争”由来已久。 银行卡利润在整个银行业务中的贡献度是相当高的。1999年美国信用卡产业的税前利润率达到3．1％，税后利润率达1．86％，是商业银行其他资产利润率的2倍以上。但是，从2004年开始银行卡市场硝烟四起。国际上，以沃尔玛为代表的大型零售商对万事达、维萨信用卡组织提起集体诉讼，要求降低商户扣率。     

发达国家银行卡产业发展的若干趋势

在欧美发达国家，银行卡产业虽然已是一个比较成熟的行业，但仍保持着快速发展的态势。维萨、万事达这两家在全球银行卡市场占主导地位的国际信用卡公司的业务量一直保持两位数的增长，这种高速增长态势在其他行业中是不多见的。近十年来，欧美国家银行卡产业格局在逐步演变，发展过程中出现了一些新的趋势。及时了解和研究这些发展趋势，对于我国银行卡产业的发展具有借鉴意义。     

Ondot推银行卡管理APP 随时随地了解用卡情况

正美国初创公司Ondot最近推出了银行卡管理APP CardControl,该APP可以让使用者通过智能手机了解其借记卡和信用卡的使用情况。由于美国近期多起的大型信用卡信息泄露事件,美国消费者对信用卡安全非常忧虑,正是这样的时机之下,Ondot推出CardControl,在APP上进行银行卡绑定之后,只要绑定的银行     

国内国际金融大事件

6月30日,美国联邦储备委员会再度将联邦基金利率上调25个基点,至3.25%。这是美联储一年来第九次加息,而且美联储明确表示,这一相当长的加息周期目前尚未结束。7月2日,香港金融管理局随即调高贴现窗基本利率25个基点,从4.5%提高至4.75%。6月30日,美洲银行集团宣布,将斥资350亿美元收购MBNA信用卡公司,这将是今年以来美国公司之间规模第二大的收购行动。美洲银行集团表示,收购将采取股票置换加现金方式完成。随着美洲银行集团对MBNA的收购,美国最后一家大型信用卡公司已隶属商业银行,将对美国信用卡市场带来明显影响。7月1日,瑞士与欧盟在…     

银联卡，醒的迟别起的晚

银行卡作为一种集融资与金融服务于一身的金融产品,自1952年于美国加利福尼亚州的富来克国民银行首次发行之日起,便显示出了强大的生命力.当中国打开国门,大胆引进外国的先进科学技术和管理经验的同时,信用卡作为国际流行的信用支付工具也进入了中国.1985年3月,中国银行珠海分行第一张"中银卡"(BOC卡)问世,1986年6月,中国银行北京分行发行了长城信用卡,银行卡在我国正式出现了.截止目前,我国共发行各种银行卡3.8亿多张.     

国际信用卡业务存在的问题及其对策

国际信用卡业务按照发卡银行的不同分为两类:一是境外银行发行的境外信用卡,主要品种有日本的JCB和美国的运通、大莱、VISA、万事达卡和发现等;二是境内银行发行的国际信用卡,主要有中国银行发行的长城国际卡、工商银行发行的牡丹国际卡等.本文中的国际信用卡是指境内银行发行的国际信用卡.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.