战略性新兴产业集群演化路径与发展策略研究

产业集群是战略性新兴产业发展的主要模式。文章比较了战略性新兴产业集群与传统产业集群的不同之处,构建了战略性新兴产业集群演化的Logistic模型,将战略性新兴产业集群演化路径分为形成期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段,并提出推动战略性新兴产业集群发展的政策建议。     

战略性新兴产业集群形成研究——以珠海三灶生物医药产业集群为例

战略性新兴产业是引领经济社会全面发展的,以技术密集为主要特征的产业,以集群方式发展战略性新兴产业具有经济价值和时代意义。文章以珠海三灶生物医药产业集群形成的历史和现状为例,论述了在战略性新兴产业集群的形成过程中企业、政府和智力机构等主体各自发挥的作用,归纳出战略性新兴产业集群形成是要在市场需求的基础上,产业主体之间形成合力促成战略性新兴产业集群,最后提出要加大战略性新兴产业集群内平台及科研基础设施建设等政策建议。     

战略性新兴产业集群演进路径研究——以河南省为例

2012年河南省出台的战略性新兴产业发展规划指出,集群发展是河南省战略性新兴产业发展的有力支撑。战略性新兴产业集群具有集聚性、网络化、创新性等基本特征,可以使用产业集群度作为衡量和判断战略性新兴产业集群发展阶段的指标,河南省战略性新兴产业集群演进分为五个阶段,并具有各自的发展特征。当前河南省应从产业集聚区的科学规划、产业政策、龙头企业培育、服务体系建设等方面着手,以产业集聚区作为战略性新兴产业集群发展的载体;要针对战略性新兴产业集群演进的不同阶段制定适应性政策,如完善风险投资机制、拓宽投融资渠道、引进和培养高层次创新型人才等,推动河南省战略性新兴产业集群发展。     

战略性新兴产业集群的创新发展规律研究

本文通过梳理和回顾战略性新兴产业集群的相关文献,分析了战略性新兴产业集群的创新发展规律,具体包括战略性新兴产业集群的内涵、创新发展条件、创新发展过程和创新发展政策.发展过程和发展政策均以发展条件为基础,在阐释战略性新兴产业集群一般规律的基础上,对三种典型的战略性新兴产业集群(新能源、新材料、生物医药)进行比较,使战略性新兴产业集群创新发展规律的研究具有一定的理论和实践意义.     

推动战略性新兴产业高端化 促进现代化产业体系发展

<正>战略性新兴产业是现代化产业体系升级的主方向、主阵地、主力军。党的二十大报告提出“推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展,构建新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等一批新的增长引擎”,对我国新阶段产业发展提出更高要求。战略性新兴产业是现代化产业体系建设的关键带动力量,是我国实现第二个百年奋斗目标的重要支撑。     

战略性新兴产业融合集群发展的关键影响因素分析

战略性新兴产业融合集群发展有利于构建新的增长引擎，对我国经济社会全局和长远发展将发挥重大引领带动作用。要提升战略性新兴产业融合集群发展水平，必须首先明晰其关键影响因素，为此，研究采用决策试验与评价实验法（DEMATEL）对相关影响因素进行深入分析。结果表明，产业结构升级优化、新生产要素聚合、成果转化与创新应用、扩大开放合作、金融支持是影响战略性新兴产业融合集群发展的关键因素。     

战略性新兴产业集群开放式创新能力评价指标体系研究

本文在对战略性新兴产业集群开放式创新及开放式创新能力界定的基础上,分析了战略性新兴产业集群开放式创新能力的构成要素,从技术能力、市场能力、创新文化等3个方面构建了战略性新兴产业集群开放式创新能力评价指标体系。认为科学化评价战略性新兴产业集群开放式创新能力,有利于地方政府在营造开放式创新环境方面有所为,有所不为。     

信任机制下的产业集群创新网络构建策略

目前,产业集群在我国发展迅速。本文在信任机制的基础上,从产业集群对创新网络的影响、产业集群创新网络的结构及产业集群创新网络的构建等方面对产业集群创新网络进行初步的研究,并提出产业集群要依靠本地企业与其他企业间、企业与支撑机构间的集聚构建区域网络创新系统,不断持续创新,才能快速、健康地发展。产业集群的发展也必须与全球产业链或全球市场的大背景相结合,只有融入更大区域乃至全球产业价值链体系中,不断朝着全球价值链的高附加值环节攀升,地方产业集群才具有持久的生命力。     

生物医药产业集群发展趋势与对策——以江西省为例

产业集群是当代世界产业发展的重要模式。生物医药产业集群也是美欧日等国家和地区高新技术产业的领头羊。近年来,我国一些中心城市生物医药产业集群蓬勃发展,江西省在南昌、赣州、宜春等区域中心城市和工业园区,也形成了明显的集群发展趋势。21世纪生物医药面临市场扩大、技术突破、各地竞相选为战略性新兴产业等重大发展机遇,因此,江西必须把生物医药产业集群发展作为推进产业转型升级的重大战略举措,通过扩大开放、强化创新驱动、培育更多集群种子、推进特色产业园建设等措施,促进生物医药集群快速发育成长。     

战略性新兴产业空间结构对城市碳排放强度的影响——基于兰西城市群企业大数据的考察

以兰西城市群各县(区)战略性新兴企业位置大数据为样本,构建了产业空间密度的变异系数项,分别从“规模”和“形态”两个维度综合衡量战略性新兴产业的空间结构。利用面板回归模型、门槛回归模型和空间杜宾模型考察了战略性新兴产业空间结构与碳排放强度之间的线性、非线性以及空间交互影响。研究发现：蔓延型的战略性新兴产业空间结构对碳排放强度具有显著的负向影响。以城市规模为门槛变量,战略性新兴产业蔓延型发展对碳排放强度的影响存在单一门槛,当城市规模跨越门槛值后,战略性新兴产业蔓延型发展对碳排放强度的负向影响和显著水平逐步加强。直接效应、间接效应和总效应综合反映出本地战略性新兴产业蔓延型发展对本地碳排放强度降低具有显著的负向效应,邻近城市产业空间结构的蔓延型演进也会降低本地区的碳排放强度。     

Factors shaping the international knowledge connectivity of industrial clusters: a comparative study of two Latin American cases

Abstract

Recent research has emphasized that success of industrial clusters is not only driven by intra-cluster knowledge sharing (‘local buzz’) but also by externally sourced knowledge (‘global knowledge pipelines’). This article examines the factors that determine the channels through which clusters connect with global knowledge pipelines depending on the structure of the global value chain within which they are inserted, their knowledge base and their stage of evolution. Building on a comparative case study of the salmon farming cluster in Chile and the software cluster in Costa Rica, we adopt an evolutionary perspective based on historical analysis to better understand how the configuration of clusters’ international knowledge linkages shifts over time. Our findings suggest that (i) the more hierarchical the global value chain structure, the less room for knowledge co-creation between local and foreign actors; (ii) clusters relying on analytical knowledge bases opt for more formal and coordinated links with high involvement of public actors, whereas in clusters relying on synthetic knowledge bases, international knowledge interaction is based on less formal links mainly between business actors; and (iii) as clusters evolve the channels through which they connect with foreign knowledge increase in number and new ‘hybrid’ varieties develop.     

基于全球价值链和供应链视角的产业集群升级困境及对策探讨

升级是产业集群继续发展的重要战略举措,但我国产业集群在升级过程中却受到各种内外部因素的制约,其中主要包括全球价值链中发达厂商的阻碍,集群内部的不良竞争和无效合作,以及盲目的升级目标定位。产业集群应通过嵌入于合适的全球价值链中,在集群内进行供应链式整合,以及合理确定升级目标,集聚集群内外所有的资源并进行优化配置,来突破升级困境,实现升级目标。     

Patterns of technological learning within the knowledge systems of industrial clusters in emerging economies: Evidence from China

Through an interview-based exploratory study and a follow-up survey-based quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the technological learning pattern in terms of structure and mechanisms of interaction within the knowledge system of two industrial clusters in China. Unlike the recent studies that suggest that industrial cluster comprises disconnected leader-centered communities, we argue that the different leader-centered communities within the knowledge systems of industrial clusters are not disconnected from each other. Instead, those communities are inter-connected through the so-called ‘knowledge spanning mechanisms’. Regarding the interaction dimension of technological learning pattern, this paper argues that in analyzing learning behavior in the knowledge networks of industrial clusters, it is necessary to synthesize the learning opportunity perspective and the absorptive capacity perspective to better understand and explain the similarities and dissimilarities in technological learning behavior among different cluster types, across cognitive subgroups, and between product innovation and process innovation. Our study reveals that in the context of emerging countries, the following four factors are decisive for technological learning opportunities inside the knowledge networks of industrial clusters: the underlying complexity of technology in clusters, the inter-connectedness between product and process, path dependency in knowledge searching, and the incremental nature of a cluster’s technological development.     

论缄默知识在集群创新系统中的传递

产业集群创新系统作为产业创新的助推器,其重要的特点是在其网络下的知识的传递,产业集群内部的知识分为两类,显性知识与缄默知识。缄默知识为产业技术创新成功的重要知识资源,本文对缄默知识的概念做了简单的介绍,并重点研究了其在集群创新系统中的流动与传递,进一步说明了集群创新系统对缄默知识的促进作用。     

A tale of two clusters: knowledge and emergence

Cluster emergence is an important topic but weakly conceptualized in the literature. Focusing on the interaction of the local knowledge pool and firm growth, the paper develops a comprehensive framework to understand cluster emergence. In the framework, the cluster formation process starts with the collision of local and external knowledge which generates an innovation and stimulates the creation of local pioneering firms in a new field. To support the growth of follow-up entrants in the new industry, the local knowledge pool needs to be expanded and deepened through local knowledge sharing and external knowledge inflows. The enlarged local knowledge pool enables local firms to grow and explore other fields further. To promote cluster emergence, public policies need to facilitate the interaction of the local knowledge pool and firm growth. The paper illustrates the interactive framework with two aluminum extrusion clusters in China that emerged in different ways over different time periods.     

Are technology gatekeepers renewing clusters? Understanding gatekeepers and their dynamics across cluster life cycles

The cluster literature assumes that technology gatekeepers (TGs) shape a district's learning process and its evolution. However, analysis of the resilience of TGs, and their role across different stages of the cluster life cycle (CLC), is absent. Instead, most of the evidence that has been produced is set at a particular stage of the CLC. This article seeks to use a qualitative case study to understand the dynamics of TGs, and their knowledge creation and diffusion capabilities in the CLC renewal period. This is a stage less studied in the literature. Further, the article explores TG resilience across different stages of the CLC. Our results show that not all TGs are resilient and necessary for cluster renewal. In addition, they are not sufficient for fostering disruptions: their manifest reluctance to destroy the status quo and their network centrality makes necessary the entrance of new firms with new knowledge. TGs are necessary because they facilitate a cluster's transition across stages thanks to their powerful control of the most vital aspect of clusters: networks.     

Local clusters in global value chains: exploring dynamic linkages between Germany and Pakistan

Recent research has underlined the importance of external linkages for industrial clusters. Suppliers and buyers within a global value chain offer important external ties for cluster-based producers not only in terms of the distribution of physical goods, but also for knowledge flows and innovation. Globalization has intensified such value chain links, connecting geographically dispersed producers to global markets. Yet, there is limited research on how local clusters enter global chains or on ties between clusters in the developed and developing world. This study addresses this gap. It uses the case of the global surgical instrument industry to analyse connections and differences between the industry's leading production clusters in Germany and Pakistan. Global standards, low-cost competition, and advances in medical technology raise challenges for both clusters. The paper explores the responses to these challenges. It distinguishes between knowledge and production links to illustrate differentiation in each cluster, diverging trajectories and continuing ties.     

生产性服务业促进产业集群创新的机制分析

我国很多产业集群只是企业的空间集聚,处于集群的初级阶段。生产性服务业的技术和知识密集特征成为产业集群创新体系中知识的来源和企业间传播的桥梁,能够促进集群内外部的技术挤出效应,提升中间服务职能和集群的植根性,且改变集群组织形式。但政府需要在产业集群创新过程中发挥适当作用,既要纠正"市场失灵",又要防范"政府失灵"。     

意大利家具产业集群发展的经验对我国区域产业发展的启示

研究国外产业集群的经验与做法,对于积极推动区域产业发展有重要的现实意义。由于我国产业集群大部分也是中小企业组成,这一点和意大利家具产业集群非常相似,对于现阶段的我国有必要借鉴国外产业集群发展的经验,从而把握区域产业发展的一些特性,根据产业集群发展的一般规律,对已经或正在形成的产业集群加大扶持力度,以集群化作为区域产业发展战略的重点。     

苏州医药产业集群创新发展路径研究

医药产业是国家重点培育发展的战略性新兴产业。新冠疫情爆发引起全球各国对医药产业的重视。中国多地出台政策,将其作为重点发展产业。苏州是江苏医药产业的重要集聚区之一,也是医药创新的重要载体。文章梳理和分析了苏州医药产业发展特点,在全球医药大背景下,结合当前相关最新研究成果,提出苏州医药产业集群创新发展与量质提升的路径,从理论和实践两个方面为当前各地医药产业集群的发展提供参考。