数字普惠金融影响区域技术创新的空间效应

采用空间杜宾模型实证分析数字普惠金融对区域技术创新影响的空间溢出效应及路径.研究发现区域数字普惠金融发展有利于提升本地区技术创新能力,但对周边地区的技术创新能力会产生总体上的负向影响.一方面,区域数字普惠金融通过削弱周边地区数字普惠金融的发展进而对周边地区的技术创新产生不利影响;另一方面,区域数字普惠金融通过促进本地区技术创新能力的提升进而对周边地区技术创新能力产生正向影响,但该作用途径并不显著.     

数字金融与实体经济发展：路径机制与实证考察

为研究数字金融对实体经济发展的影响,选取全国31个省份（因数据缺失,未包括港澳台地区）2013—2022年数字金融与实体经济相关数据作为研究样本,运用实证方法检验数字金融对实体经济发展的影响效应与区域异质性,并验证技术创新在数字金融影响实体经济发展中的中介效应。研究结果表明,数字金融可以促进实体经济发展;数字金融对东部地区实体经济的促进作用强于中西部地区;数字金融能够通过促进技术创新和产业结构升级, 间接推动实体经济发展。     

数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的影响

数字普惠金融是缩小城乡收入差距、促进共同富裕的重要抓手。文章运用门槛效应检验的实证方法，选取2016-2020年陕西省10个地级市的面板数据，考察数字普惠金融对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现：陕西省数字普惠金融整体发展水平较高，对缩小城乡收入差距有显著的正向作用，但存在门槛效应。关中地区数字普惠金融指数值明显高于陕北和陕南地区，而陕北和陕南地区数字普惠金融增长率则高于关中地区。鉴于此，提出增强农村数字金融服务能力、提升农村数字金融服务水平、推行数字普惠金融差异化发展战略、提高农村居民数字金融意识等措施，促进数字普惠金融发展，进而缩小城乡收入差距。     

陕西省数字普惠金融对经济增长的影响研究

数字普惠金融作为金融科技与普惠金融的深度融合,对地区经济发展有着重大影响。基于陕西省10个地级市2012—2021年的面板数据,采用固定效应模型进行实证检验,探究陕西省数字普惠金融对经济增长的影响以及地区差异。研究结果显示,陕西省数字普惠金融的发展在推动整体经济增长方面发挥了积极作用,并呈现明显的区域异质性特征。在此基础上,提出相关的对策建议。     

数字金融对高技术产业技术创新的影响

基于北京大学数字金融研究中心编制的数字普惠金融指数和高技术产业的相关数据,构建2011—2019年省际层面面板数据,通过双向固定效应模型验证数字金融对高技术产业技术创新的影响。研究发现：数字金融可以显著促进高技术产业技术创新,其分指数覆盖广度和使用深度的创新激励作用与总指数保持一致,而数字化程度对高技术产业技术创新表现出一定的抑制作用;数字金融对高技术产业发展具有普惠性,异质性检验发现数字金融对欠发达地区和国有企业占比较小地区的高技术产业技术创新的促进作用更加显著。     

数字普惠金融、绿色技术创新与乡村振兴

选取2011-2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用中介效应模型和空间杜宾模型探讨数字普惠金融在推动乡村振兴中的传导机制和影响效应。研究表明,数字普惠金融在推动我国乡村振兴方面起到明显的促进效果,并存在显著的区域异质性;数字普惠金融不仅对本省份乡村振兴的发展起到正向作用,同时也会对周围地区产生正向的空间溢出效应;绿色技术创新是数字普惠金融提升乡村振兴水平的重要传导路径。     

数字普惠金融对家庭投资绩效的影响分析

家庭如何利用好数字普惠金融的发展,对于实现家庭投资绩效的增长具有重要意义。但目前,中国家庭投资多样性和投资绩效都还不高,家庭风险-报酬比也远远低于国外。所以,探讨数字普惠金融对中国家庭投资绩效的影响就显得较为重要。通过对中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）4年数据为基础进行实证分析发现,数字普惠金融显著地促进了家庭投资绩效与投资多样性的增长。进一步分析发现,中国家庭投资过于偏好投资性房地产,农村地区数字普惠金融发展还不充分。这为中国深化金融改革、扶贫攻坚战略提供了部分经验证据。     

数字普惠金融的创业效应与收入不平等:数字鸿沟还是数字红利？

数字普惠金融与实体经济之间的关系受到学界广泛关注,但其究竟是普惠的数字红利还是金融领域的数字鸿沟,这是数字普惠金融快速发展中亟需回答的重要理论与现实问题。文章通过匹配宏观统计数据和微观调查数据,实证研究了数字普惠金融的发展对收入不平等的影响,并从创业效应这一渠道进行了机制分析。研究发现：数字普惠金融的发展总体上改善了收入不平等状况,而数字普惠金融的创业效应是影响收入不平等的重要渠道之一。进一步的中介效应分析表明,数字普惠金融的创业效应对收入不平等的影响存在异质性：数字普惠金融通过促进生存型创业从而改善了收入不平等,而数字普惠金融对机会型创业的促进却在一定程度上扩大了收入不平等。文章的研究结论对于理解数字普惠金融发展的正外部性以及如何缓解收入不平等提供了新的视角。     

数字普惠金融促进农村居民消费了吗

数字普惠金融作为新兴金融业态，有利于改善农村居民金融服务的可得性和便利性。文章旨在探究数字普惠金融对农村居民消费的影响，以2011-2020年中国大陆31个省(自治区、直辖市)作为研究样本，实证分析数字普惠金融在促进农村居民消费过程中产生的作用。研究结果表明：从整体看，提高数字普惠金融发展水平可以拓宽农村居民的交易范围和消费空间，缓解消费信贷约束，从而能够极大促进农村居民消费。分维度看，数字普惠金融覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对农村居民消费的影响效应均不同。分区域看，数字普惠金融发展能够有效带动中、西部地区农村居民消费，但并未对东部地区农村居民消费产生显著影响。分不同消费类型看，发展享受型消费容易受数字普惠金融的影响，而基础生活需求型消费则不受其影响。     

数字普惠金融对农户创业行为的影响

利用面板数据模型阐释数字普惠金融对资源获取、人力资本培训和区域经济增长的功能效应,分析数字普惠金融对农民创业行为的动态影响。结果表明：数字普惠金融总指数对农户创业决策具有显著的激励作用,3个细分指标中覆盖广度的作用最为明显。异质性分析结果揭示了在数字普惠金融发展更完善的东中部地区,数字普惠金融的创业存在显著促进作用,对农户创业规模的正向影响更为明显。最后根据结论提出政策建议。     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

The Transfer of Property Rights from the Public to the Private Sector in Hong Kong: A Critical Assessment

Abstract

The privatization idea may have lost some of its luster in recent years, but it remains relevant in today's socio-economic environment and is pursued consistently in industrialized and industrializing countries alike. Hong Kong has followed the general pattern in a manner reflecting its particular circumstances and its institutional modus operandi. The underlying logic may not appear highly compelling, from a short-term perspective, yet there are sound grounds for approaching the task positively, if viewed from a multi-year standpoint. Rather surprisingly, for such a quintessentially capitalist society, Hong Kong has not confronted the privatization challenge astutely on the political front and has handled it somewhat mechanically in managerial terms. The benefits to the community may have thus been more modest than one could legitimately expect, given the historical backdrop.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.