A comparison of Japanese and American business negotiations

The determinants of the outcomes of business negotiations in two cultures are investigated in a laboratory experiment. The most important causal factor in Japanese negotiations was found to be the role (i.e., buyer or seller) of the negotiator. Japanese buyers consistently achieved higher bargaining solutions than Japanese sellers. The primary causal factor in negotiations between Americans was the information content of bargaining strategies. Americans to whom bargaining partners gave information more freely achieved higher bargaining solutions.     

The new generation of millennial entrepreneurs: A review and call for research

Entering the third decade of the new millennium, the millennial generation is stepping into their most productive stage of life. We have witnessed a number of exemplary millennial entrepreneurs, such as Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook. The world’s economy is evolving fast and presenting distinct entrepreneurial opportunities to millennials across the globe. It is critical that scholars of international entrepreneurship explore the new breed of millennial entrepreneurs and contrast them across generations and countries. Regrettably, the extant literature comes up short in fully addressing the new generation of entrepreneurs. We call for immediate scholarly attention on millennial entrepreneurs as they are in substantive ways unlike all earlier generations. We urge researchers to explore the unique characteristics of millennial entrepreneurs, their influence on entrepreneurial motivation, orientation, opportunity discovery and exploitation process, and the global ambition of their entrepreneurial ventures.     

Recycling consumer solid waste: A commentary on selected channel alternatives

The recycling of consumer solid waste presents special problems for reverse marketing channels. Specifically, the accumulation of bulk quantities of homogenous materials from consumer-generated sources that are highly heterogenous in nature represents a major functional problem that must be overcome through the development of appropriate reverse marketing channels. In this article, factors influencing reverse channels development are outlined, and specific marketing implications concerning the three basic channel types that primarily handle consumer solid waste are discussed.     

Marketing management,its environment,and information processing: a problem of organizational design

The marketing literature has overlooked the problem of designing optimal organizational structures for marketing management. The study of this problem is crucial and pressing. Some relationships are proposed between the information generated by the market environment and the ability of the organization of a marketing department to process this information. Insights and opportunities for future conceptual and empirical work are provided.     

Well-being effects of self-employment: A spatial inquiry

Our paper presents an empirical analysis of entrepreneurial well-being using a large-scale longitudinal household survey from the UK that tracks almost 50,000 individuals across seven waves over the period 2009–2017, as well as a number of exploratory case studies. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating how entrepreneurial well-being varies across locations along the urban-rural continuum, and across wealthy-deprived neighbourhoods. We use a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) approach to compare the well-being outcomes of individuals who switch into self-employment from waged employment, and show that entrepreneurial well-being, in the form of job satisfaction, is significantly higher for those living in semi-urban locations, relative to those living in urban and rural locations. We argue that semi-urban locations provide an optimal combination of ease of doing business and quality of life. Our results also show that individuals in wealthy neighbourhoods who switch into self-employment experience higher job satisfaction than otherwise comparable individuals living in materially deprived neighbourhoods, although the latter experience greater levels of life satisfaction following the switch.     

A theoretical model of medical malpractice and the quality of care

The role of care to the physician is two-fold. First, it is an income-generating part of the phydician's service; second, it is a form of self-protection against medical-malpractice litigation. The availability of medical-malpractice insurance lessens the role of care as a form of self-protection. This paper considers the relationship between practicing with care and purchasing malpractice insurance. Given tort-law modifications that increase the propensity to litigate, it is shown that, contrary to the purpose of these legal changes, a possible physician response is to substitute insurance for care, yielding a lower care level. Effects of physician risk aversion are also examined.     

Impact of alternative length estimation and prediction periods on the stability of security and portfolio betas

This study examines how the forecast errors of beta predictions are influenced by the following: 1) the length of the estimation period, 2) the length of the prediction period, 3) the size of the portfolio, and 4) the risk class of the security or portfolio. The mean-square error is utilized as the forecast error measure, and the components of the mean-square error (bias, inefficiency, and random error) are analyzed to determine the source of the forecast error.     

Governmental environment and nongovernmental behavior: Corporate responsiveness to formal integration of the European community

Although it has been argued that the governmental environment has an important influence on corporate activities, limited systematic and empirical research has been undertaken to study this relationship. This is especially true for regional integration efforts where it is widely assumed that enterprises (and particularly transnational ones) quickly take advantage of new regional opportunities created by government policies. This article examines therefore the question of whether or not integration (more specifically, the European community) affects the behavior of corporate elite members in the Federal Republic of Germany and their enterprises-important nongovernmental actors within the integrating area. First, a theoretical framework is introduced that analytically and phenomenally distinguishes formal governmental and behavioral aspects of integration. Subsequent analysis suggests, among other things, that the strategies of enterprises do not necessarily follow (respond to) governmental integration. The impact of governmental integration on the attitudes and behavior of nongovernmental actors appears to be limited, selective, and uneven in character.     

The impact of the composition of government spending on private consumption and investment: some impirical evidence

Government spending is disaggregated into investment and consumption components to investigate both theoretically and empirically whether public sector consumption and investment spending crowd out private sector expenditures in the same categories. The hypothesis is that the composition of public sector expenditures may also be important in influencing the composition of private expenditures, rather than just the total level of public expenditure. The empirical results do not indicate that public expenditures in these two categories significantly influence their private sector counterparts.