Interdisciplinary Research Within a Modified Competing Values Model of Organizational Performance

Abstract

An interdisciplinary model of firm performance based on a modified and extended Competing Values Model of Organizational Culture combines elements drawn from three different research traditions-organizational culture and climate from organizational behavior, innovativeness from economics, and market orientation from marketing. The model has been used to analyze firm performance in business-to-business markets in a number of countries in the industrial and the industrializing worlds. In general, successful firms are found to be innovative, market oriented, and to have organizational cultures and decision-making climates which are externally oriented. In most countries, there are also identifiable national culture-specific patterns. In this paper, we focus on the inter-relationships among the streams of research upon which the model is built. Using Brazil, previously unstudied in this context, we attempt to identify a structure among the model elements to test hypotheses about (1) the inter-relationships of the explanatory variables, and (2) the relationships of the explanatory variables to each other and to firm performance. We find that the contributing disciplines produce interpretable results, and that performance is improved by achieving good results simultaneously along several inter-related dimensions.     

High Performance Firms in a Complex New China

SUMMARY

A study published in the Journal of Global Marketing(Deshpandé and Farley 2000) found that, for a representative sample of Shanghai firms competing in business-to-business markets, success was related to innovativeness, a high level of market orientation, and outward-oriented organizational cultures and climates. Because of the great cultural diversity of China, questions were raised at that time and subsequently as to whether these results generalize to other parts of China. To the extent that the Shanghai results do generalize, the development of a more general strategy for dealing with Chinese business-to-business markets will be feasible. We compare organizational cultures and personal values of managers in representative samples of firms in six Chinese cities. There are indeed systematic differences among the cities- Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shenzhen and Wuxi. Shanghai firms seem the best-positioned for transformation to a more market-oriented economy in terms of innovativeness and market orientation. There are also some differences among State-Owned Enterprises, Joint Ventures, Village-Based Enterprises and Wholly-Owned Foreign Subsidiaries. There are, however, clear patterns of similar response among firms which perform well in terms of high levels of innovativeness and market orientation, plus organizational cultures relatively open to outside influences. All kinds of firms seem to draw their managers from a pool of people who hold much the same kinds of values.     

大学组织结构的创新设计

组织结构是大学存在和发展的形式,组织结构是否合理,对大学的发展有着非常大的影响。为了适应快速的科技创新与全球化的竞争,在大学组织结构创新中应把握目标一致、责权利统一、效率优先、灵活性、精简和管理宽度等六个原则,并从扁平化、柔性化、分立化、虚拟化、边界模糊化等五个方面的发展趋势来考虑大学组织结构创新设计。     

竞争性股权结构与公司绩效：基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于股权竞争程度的差异,本文对股权结构进行了分类,发现竞争程度高的行业有更多的竞争性股权结构的公司。对我国185家竞争性股权结构公司的分析表明,前五大股东持股比例之间呈现出依次显著性的正相关关系,第一、第二和第五大股东持股比例与公司业绩显著正相关,但这类上市公司并没有比非竞争性股权结构公司具有更好的业绩。     

Are Market Orientation and Learning Orientation Necessary for Superior Organizational Performance?

There exists contradictory theoretical arguments and counter-intuitive empirical results regarding the market orientation, learning orientation and organizational performance nexus. We ask, can we simplify relations in this nexus? This study analyzes data from Australian organisations and employs non-nested encompassing tests. Contrary to recent findings extolling the virtues of a learning orientation, our results suggest that a market orientation may be the pre-eminent strategy to achieve superior organizational performance.     

优化企业内部组织结构的方法与案例研究

近 2 0年来 ,我国企业的外部环境发生了巨大的变化 ,我国加入WTO后 ,这种变化进一步加剧 ,使得原有的组织结构出现了很多问题。企业想生存下来就必须不断的发掘问题 ,对组织结构进行持续性的优化。针对这一现象 ,必须采取一套具体、实用的优化组织结构的方法 ,才能使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地     

中小企业学习代理模式与组织学习绩效关系实证研究

中小企业通过学习代理人从组织外部获取知识是促进组织学习的重要途径.因此,如何通过有效学习代理模式获取组织所需要知识,如何处理企业发展过程的学习策略以提高学习绩效,成为目前研究中小企业战略的重要课题.文章从学习代理基本理论出发,分析了学习代理的内涵与构成,提出了中小企业三种学习代理模式,提出了学习代理模式与组织学习绩效的概念模型与假设,通过实证研究对假设进行了统计验证,得出了基本结论与进一步研究展望,最后建议中小企业通过学习代理有效获取知识从而提升学习绩效.     

论组织结构变革的必要性及障碍分析

传统的组织结构只在目标明确、稳定的情况下是高效的,而在目标变动的情况下效能则会降低。由于现代市场变化速度较快,以往企业所面临的稳定的环境正逐步消失。信息时代企业面临的环境发生了巨大的变化,组织结构变革中可能遇到一些障碍,因此相应企业必须变革其组织,以适应新时代的形势。     

现金股利、股权结构和组织特征:一个Logistic分析

本文以763家上海证券交易所A股上市公司2003年的横截面数据为观察值,运用logistic回归分析分别考察了股权结构和组织特征对现金股利发放概率的实证影响。本文发现,股权结构(第一大股东持股、前二大股东持股和前三大股东持股)对现金股利发放概率具有显著的正向影响。公司各项组织特征(成长性机会、每股收益、每股留存盈余、资产规模和财务杠杆)也对现金股利发放概率具有显著的影响。本文的结论支持自由现金流假说。     

中国家族上市公司金字塔控股结构特征分析

中国家族上市公司具有代表性的最终所有权结构是一种宽泛意义上的金字塔控股结构,在这种结构中,中间层持股中介基本都是股权较为封闭的非上市公司,最终控制者的家族和泛家族成员对其持股具有普遍性、隐蔽性和模糊性,使得控制性家族最终控制权与现金流权的分离程度较低但容易被实证研究高估。剖析中国家族PH结构的特征能够为相关研究提供更为合理的前提假设,同时也可供政策制定者和监管当局参考。     

企业营销创新中真实型领导与创新绩效的关系研究

本文在相关文献研究与实际调研的基础上,建立了企业营销创新中包含真实型领导、组织氛围、隐性知识共享以及创新绩效之间相互关系的结构方程模型,并以246家企业为样本对其进行了实证检验。研究发现,企业营销创新中真实型领导对组织氛围和隐性知识共享有正向的显著影响,组织氛围对隐性知识共享有正向的显著影响,组织氛围和隐性知识共享对创新绩效有正向的显著影响,组织氛围及隐性知识共享在真实型领导和创新绩效之间发挥了完全的中介作用。这一结论进一步丰富了真实型领导理论,为企业真实型领导的实施提供了一种新思路。     

‘Organizational learning culture’: an ingenious device for promoting firm's innovativeness

The present study focuses on the relationship between organizational learning culture (OLC) and firm's innovativeness. The area of innovation as well as organizational culture is crucial for organizations and for entrepreneurs because both provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage and improved firm performance. The notion of OLC offers a set of customs and principles that enhances imperativeness of an organization. Information acquisition, information interpretation, and behavioral and cognitive changes (BCC) were used as elements of the organizational learning process. Constructs comprising innovativeness are innovative culture, and technical and administrative innovation (innovations). Data were collected from 50 randomly selected Pakistani organizations. The results show significant and positive relationships among all hypothesized variables except for between BCC and innovations.     

Which Firms Exit and Why? An Analysis of Small Firm Exits in Japan

This paper examines exit behaviour of small firms by using data from The Survey of Retirement of Small Firm Managers, which provides information on exit and post-exit behaviour of Japanese small firms and their managers. First, it is shown that small firm exits occur not just because of economic difficulties in their business (‚economic-forced exit’) but also for various other reasons (‚non-economic-forced exit’). Logit estimates show that the probability of economic-forced exit is significantly higher if the manager is relatively young and male, the firm has loans from a financial institution, its sales are tending to decrease, and so on. It is also shown that a rather large proportion of managers continue to work after exit, and this proportion, especially that of employed workers, is higher in the case of economic-forced exits. These results indicate the potential importance of distinguishing these two classes of exits in exit studies.      

The Study of the Relations among Ethical Considerations, Family Management and Organizational Performance in Corporate Governance

Corporate governance is increasingly becoming an issue of global concern, not least because we are more and more living in a corporate world that transcends international boundaries. The main purpose and motivation of this study is to determine how the international community should motivate businesses in fostering exemplary corporate governance, therefore eliminating obstacles to ethically exemplary behavior. The empirical approach utilized here has been applied to 161 businesses, both listed and over-the-counter (OTC) companies, with the results indicating that ethical considerations, corporate governance and organizational performance are inextricably linked and, to an extent, demonstrably proportional. This study also indicates a major finding that family management is a significant mediating variable of the ethical considerations of corporate governance and organizational performance. Finally, this study has developed an operational model of ethical considerations of corporate governance as a consultancy aid for businesses that wish to implement and/or boost their performance in respect to corporate governance.     

The Financial Structure of Private Held Belgian Firms

We examine the determinants of the debt-equity choice and the debt maturity choice for a sample of small, privately held firms in a creditor oriented environment. Our results, which are based on 4,706 firm-year observations for 1132 Belgian firms in the period 1996–2000, generally confirm the role of asymmetric information and agency costs of debt as major determinants of the financial structure of privately held firms. High growth firms and firms with less tangible assets have a lower debt ratio. We also find that more profitable firms have less debt. Firms tend to match the maturity of debt with the maturity of their assets. Growth options do not seem to influence debt maturity, which would suggest that the underinvestment problem is resolved by lowering leverage and by bank monitoring, not by reducing debt maturity. Credit risk is also an important determinant of debt maturity: firms with higher credit risk borrow more on the short term. Finally, in contrast to most studies on the financial structure of companies, we find that larger firms tend to have a higher debt ratio and a shorter debt maturity.      

组织结构变革之路径剖析

路径依赖理论因过分强调历史记忆的影响,而无法解释某些重大的技术和制度变革以及创新路径的产生,也因此推动着研究者将观察的焦点从历史因素转向行为主体的能动性来探讨路径突破和路径创造。根据“战略决定方向、结构跟随方向”的思想,企业管理战略行为具有路径依赖的特征,组织结构系统内生地蕴含着路径依赖特性。本文从组织结构模式演进的视角对组织中的路径依赖形成机制和路径创造机制进行研究,并讨论组织结构变革中的环境变化造成组织变革的路径依赖和路径突破相互之间的关系。     

环境动态性、资本结构与公司绩效关系的实证研究

有关资本结构选择的研究受到了业界、理论界越来越多的关注 ,因为资本结构决定治理结构 ,进而与公司绩效紧密相联。目前 ,国内对资本结构与公司绩效之间关系的研究缺乏理论依据和实证检验。本文通过融合组织经济学和战略管理学理论 ,研究环境动态性对我国上市公司资本结构及公司绩效的关系。文章对深交所截至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月 31日的共 1 5 3家上市公司 ( 765个样本观测值 )的环境动态性、资本结构与公司绩效关系进行了实证研究 ,旨在检验在我国这样一个以环境动态性为主要特征的转轨经济国家 ,上市公司资本结构与公司绩效之间的关系。     

基于四层次结构的组织文化与变革关系的实证分析

在组织文化四层次结构———理念、制度、个性和背景层面的基础上,通过建立理论模型,用协方差结构模型的实证方法研究并验证了理念和制度层面的文化反映了组织文化的共性特征,表现出一定的稳定性和连续性要求,因而对维持现有的组织文化起着一定的促进作用,而对组织的变革则起着一定的阻碍作用。在优化模型的基础上进行分析和评价,得出了具有审慎普适性的研究结论。     

进入模式对组织能力与国际业务绩效关系的调节作用研究

现有文献大量检验了企业能力与国际业务绩效的关系,但很少有文献从组织能力的视角研究进入模式对两者关系的调节作用并提供经验性证据.文章以广东、江苏和浙江三省制造型出口企业为例,对能力和国际业务绩效两者之间的关系如何受到进入模式的调节作用进行了实证研究,结果证实了国际化企业应该选择与其能力相匹配的进入模式,以获得更好的绩效.文章认为单纯从能力要素或进入模式来理解绩效都是片面的,应该将两者结合起来解释国际业务绩效.同时,结果还发现三省样本企业的能力要素对国际业务绩效存在不同的影响,文章对此进行了分析并提出了管理建议.