价格型和数量型货币政策与商业银行盈利能力

本文分析价格型和数量型货币政策对商业银行盈利能力的影响.实证结果表明,价格型和数量型货币政策对银行盈利能力的影响方向和程度各不相同,不同类型货币政策的共同实施会产生叠加作用;无论是基于收益获取还是套期保值,利率衍生品的使用确实增加银行的非利息收入,而货币政策的作用并不十分显著.因此,货币政策实施要细化不同的政策类型且要注意政策影响的方向;在开发和创新利率衍生品时准确定价并提高衍生品的使用效率.     

货币政策、宏观审慎政策对银行稳健性的影响 ——基于我国51家"A+H"上市银行微观数据的实证研究

货币政策的传导主要涉及中央银行宏观调控工具、金融监管政策、商业银行授信模式和有效贷款需求等环节,货币政策会影响到银行业的安全与稳定,同时,商业银行的稳定性也会影响货币政策的实施效果.基于2000—2020年我国51家"A+H"上市银行的微观数据,运用系统GMM方法实证检验货币政策、宏观审慎政策对银行业金融机构稳定性的影响程度.实证结果显示:不同的货币政策工具都会显著影响商业银行的稳定性,实施价格型或者数量型货币政策工具,对商业银行的稳定性冲击呈现显著差异;实施扩张型的货币政策,会刺激商业银行过度信贷投放,将直接降低商业银行的稳定性水平;控制货币数量或者提高利率,会显著增强商业银行的稳定性.进一步研究发现,同时实施货币政策和宏观审慎政策对商业银行稳定性影响程度有所增强,商业银行的稳定性也易受数量型货币政策的制约,利率调整对商业银行稳定性造成的影响并不显著.因此,完善金融宏观调控框架,积极改革利率市场,尽量使用价格型货币政策手段,实施合理的信贷政策,有助于改善货币政策传导效果,切实增强银行业金融机构的稳定性,进而更好地履行金融稳定法定职责.     

货币政策银行风险承担渠道的非对称效应研究

通过构建非对称NARDL模型和门限回归模型,文章选取2009—2021年中国114家商业银行实证分析了我国货币政策调控对银行风险承担行为影响的非对称效应及不同货币政策工具的交互作用效应。结果表明：我国金融市场存在货币政策银行风险承担渠道,并且货币政策对银行风险承担的长期和短期影响均存在非对称效应。其中,数量型货币政策工具调控的短期效应较显著,价格型货币政策工具调控的长期效应则更明显。当两种货币政策工具存在交互作用时,会进一步扩大银行的风险承担。建议央行需进一步完善利率市场化形成机制,在实施货币政策时将数量型政策工具的总量调控和价格型政策工具的结构调控特点结合起来,有针对性地应对新常态下的经济增速下滑和结构性杠杆问题。     

价格型和数量型货币政策与银行非利息收入周期性 ——基于商业银行金融创新视角

基于2004—2019年中国商业银行面板数据,研究货币政策对银行非利息收入的影响发现,无论在数量型还是价格型货币政策工具调控下,非利息收入变化均呈显著的逆周期性,但影响强度具有非对称性,价格型工具下其逆周期性更强.将非利息收入按来源分为有风险的金融创新和无风险的金融创新业务,研究发现有风险的金融创新呈逆周期变化,而无风险的金融创新呈顺周期变化,这表明银行非利息收入逆周期性来源于有风险的金融创新业务变化.进一步研究发现,数量型政策工具对非利息收入的影响存在基于银行资产规模、总体盈利能力的异质性;而价格型政策工具的影响存在基于存款规模、流动性比例的异质性;两种政策工具的影响均存在基于经济政策不确定性和经济增长的异质性.最后,银行总体盈利波动性变化具有顺周期特征.     

互联网金融背景下中国货币政策工具的使用研究——基于金融市场反应机制及VEC模型的实证分析

本文根据金融市场对不同货币政策工具在互联网金融背景下的不同反应机制,探究了基于货币供给量和基准利率来调控市场均衡的货币政策工具的选择问题。本文结合Johansen检验和VEC模型实证发现,互联网金融提高了货币供给的内生性从而增加了非计划货币的供应量和数量型政策工具对中介目标的偏离程度。同时,网络借贷等互联网金融模式加强了银行存贷款规模及利率对同业拆借利率的敏感度,提高了价格型政策工具的使用效率,最终促使政策工具选择由数量型向价格型进行转变,促进了利率走廊机制的构建。     

利率市场化对商业银行存贷款利差的影响研究 ——基于价格型与数量型货币政策环境

将利率市场化引入做市商模型,分析银行存贷款利差的主要影响因素,并选取2006-2016中国银行业年度数据对利率市场化对银行存贷款利差的影响进行实证分析。结果显示：利率市场化与银行存贷款利差之间呈现倒U型关系,当利率市场化指数达到58.07的临界值时,银行存贷款利差将达到最大值10.61%;利率市场化对银行存贷款利差的影响存在异质性特征,其对股份制银行、国有银行与城商行的影响力度依次递减;货币政策对利率市场化存在反向抑制效应,这是由货币政策逆周期调控功能所决定的,相对于数量型货币政策,价格型货币政策的长期影响力度提高了1.508倍,短期影响力度提高了1.605倍;价格型货币政策对国有银行、城商行与股份制银行的影响力度依次递减,数量型货币政策对股份制银行、国有银行与城商行的影响力度依次递减。     

货币政策工具类型、资本充足水平与银行风险承担——基于面板门限回归模型分析

首先建立数量型和价格型货币政策工具银行风险承担的理论框架,然后选取我国100家商业银行2011—2016年的面板数据进行实证分析,以检验数量型和价格型货币政策工具银行风险承担渠道是否存在及其差异性。研究发现:无论是数量型还是价格型货币政策工具均存在银行风险承担渠道,且存在门限效应;价格型货币政策工具对银行的风险传导效应和非对称性均强于数量型;中小银行或资本充足率较低的银行对货币政策更为敏感。对此,央行在运用不同类型货币政策时应当关注银行的风险承担问题,在银行资本充足率普遍下降的情况下,加快推动数量型货币政策工具向价格型货币政策工具转变,同时强化对中小银行或低资本水平银行的监管力度,采取积极有效的措施及时防范和化解金融风险,特别是构建多元化的资本补充机制和创新资本工具,尽快提高资本充足水平和优化资本结构。     

商业银行理财业务货币政策传导功能研究--基于利率渠道的实证分析

近年来,银行理财业务快速发展,在广义货币供应量以及社会融资规模中的比重逐步增大。与此同时,我国经济结构转型升级持续深化,货币理论不断完善,特别是货币政策调控框架正在由数量型为主向价格型为主转变。在这一背景下,关于银行理财业务的货币政策传导功能研究,日益成为重要课题。通过对国内外相关研究成果进行简要介绍,对银行理财业务参与下货币政策利率传导机制的作用路径进行了分析,并通过实证分析发现,银行理财对货币政策的利率传导功能不仅存在,而且使货币政策的利率传导能力不断增强。最后根据实证结果,对货币政策操作和理财业务发展提出了政策建议,以期对金融实践和学术研究有所裨益。     

价格型货币政策工具对商业银行盈利的影响——基于中国32家商业银行的实证检验

利用中国32家商业银行2004-2014年财务数据,检验价格型货币政策工具对商业银行盈利的影响,结果显示:货币政策短期基准利率工具、收益率曲线斜率与银行的盈利——资产收益率之间存在明显的正向关系.此外,从盈利结构来看,无论是国债收益率曲线还是银行间回购利率对净利息收入的正向影响均大于对损失准备金和非利息收入的影响.门限面板模型估计显示:我国价格型货币政策工具对银行盈利存在显著的非对称特征,特别是处于较低利率水平且收益率曲线斜率平缓情况下,这种效果更加明显.     

LPR与货币政策传导

<正>以LPR为核心的货币政策传导机制中,人民银行的货币政策工具主要是MLF,它在货币政策中具有量和价两个方面的影响利率在货币政策的传导中发挥着极重要的作用,中国利率市场化改革的最终目的,就是要提高商业银行风险定价的能力,理顺货币政策传导的利率渠道,改善金融供给和配置的效率。为此,中央银行在利率市场化进程中,着力培育基准利率体系,以此推进传统的数量型货币政策框架向以利率为核心的价格型政策框架转变。其中,贷款基础利率的建设,就是中央银行的诸多努力之一。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.