保单持有人与公司治理研究——基于人身保险公司分析

根据保险合同的不同,法律对保单持有人的权利,有着不同的规定;将保单持有人视为消费者,混淆了保单持有人与普通消费者的本质区别,弱化了保单持有人的价值,忽视了保单持有人应有的权利;保单持有人是保险公司运营资本的提供者,分担了保险公司的经营风险、分享了保险公司的经营利润,具有参与保险公司治理的资格;保单持有人参与股份保险公司治理具有现实可能性和重要意义。     

我国相互制保险公司治理主体权利与配置研究

相互制保险公司治理主体存在三种结构,以保单持有人为主体的单维主体结构是公司治理主体多维结构转化的目标。由于公司治理主体结构不同,在不同主体结构下主体之间存在一定的利益冲突。公司治理主体权利配置,应当有利于对于利益冲突的制衡,以最大化保单持有人利益为核心原则,同时考虑权利配置与保险合同、主体身份、运营资本、公司经营风险之间的关系。相互制保险公司主体权利以所有权为核心,其他权利都是所有权的派生。投票表决权和分配权是公司治理主体权力配置的核心内容。保险公司治理主体的权利是通过内部治理环境实现,同时需要外部制度、监管环境的支持。     

相互制保险公司治理的逻辑与价值

相互制保险公司与股份制保险公司作为两种有效的保险组织形式,具有各自的制度优势。相互制保险公司以保单持有人作为公司的治理主体,将公司所有权人与公司客户或债权人合二为一,形成了有别于股份制公司的治理模式,具有化解利益冲突、降低道德风险、解决逆向选择、处理不完全合同等机制。互助是保单持有人参与公司治理的行动基础,分红是保单持有人参与公司治理的行动激励。有效率的保险市场应当是相互制与股份制共存的均衡市场。     

寿险公司破产后保单持有人的权益保护

寿险公司的破产会导致一系列现实和潜在的经济损失,为了消除因此引发的负面影响和潜在风险,新《保险法》通过保单转让等一系列制度安排对寿险合同的保单持有人提供了特别的权益保护。保单持有人权益保护需要一整套制度安排,而《保险法》在这一领域的规定存在不足,本文对此进行了分析,并针对寿险公司破产后保单持有人可能选择的具体保护方式及后续的保单救济制度进行了初步探讨。     

分红保险的法律性质研究

分红保险是快速发展的新型险种,分红保险合同中有诸多法律问题需要研究,本文主要研究保险公司和投保人或保单持有共同分享保险公司惊讶利润的合理比例及保险公司不合理分红时如何进行法律规制,并探讨投保人或保单持有人依照保险合同请求保险公司分红的权利的法律性质。     

寿险保单强制执行的法律问题研究

寿险保单属典型的财产权,在保险事故发生之前相关权利主要归属投保人,在法律上为民诉法相关司法解释所规定的债权,可被法院强制执行。法院在执行寿险保单时,不得直接要求保险公司解除寿险保单,而应要求投保人解除寿险保单并由保险公司协助扣划保单现金价值。企业为员工购买的寿险保单不得因企业负债而被执行,投保人为被执行人时应允许被保险人或受益人支付对价取得投保人地位。本文同时就保险公司如何应对协助执行寿险保单时可能面临的风险提出了对策。     

保单持有人利益保护的法理念——兼评新《保险法》对保单持有人利益保护的改进

保单持有人利益保护是各国保险立法的主要目标之一.保护保单持有人的正当权益对于维护保险业公正以及促进保险市场的健康可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义.本丈基于法律的视角探讨了保单持有人利益保护的立法依据以及相应保险法律制度的价值取向,并藉此评析了我国新<保险法>在保单持有人保护方面的改进.     

论我国保险公司破产重整法律制度中的保单持有人权益保护

我国《企业破产法》和《保险法》等原则性规定保险公司可以进行破产重整,但一些重要的具体问题概无明确规则可言。保护保单持有人合法权益是保险公司破产重整的重要内容,应在法律制度中规定信息披露等有关要求,明确保单持有人的实体权益,优化程序设计,并发挥保险保障基金的专业优势。     

我国分红保险监管模式的探讨

分红保险是世界各国寿险公司规避利率风险，保证自身稳健经营的有效手段。相对于传统保证型的寿险保单，分红保单向保单持有人提供的是非保证的保险利益，红利的分配还会影响保险公司的负债水平、投资策略以及偿付能力。为了保障保单持有人的利益和保证保险公司的持续经营，各国保险监管机构都非常重视对分红保险的监管，除了将保险监管的重点集中在分红产品的红利演示、分红基金的红利分配、分红基金的信息披露、保单持有人的合理预期和分红基金的负债确认等方面外，对不同的红利分配方式形成了不同的监管模式。     

寿险保单现金价值权属探析

我国现行的保险法对寿险保单现金价值权属没有明确的规定,由此造成在许多法律纠纷。本文通过分析投保人和被保险人的权利和义务,以及社会关系及行为,得出寿险保单的现金价值应归属于被保险人。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

纳税申报法律制度的弊端分析及完善建议

纳税申报是税收民主的一种具体体现形式,基于此,世界各国普遍建立了纳税申报法律制度。我国的纳税申报法律制度也已经有20年的历史,其间经过多次修改和完善,也曾极大地促进了税收法制与税收民主的进程。但从总体来看,我国现行的纳税申报法律制度依然存在相当多的问题,不仅与税收征管改革不配套,还存在侵害纳税人权益的问题。因此,有必要修改相关法律法规,以完善我国的纳税申报法律制度。