MANAGERIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPANY PERFORMANCE PART I

T his paper utilizes information collected on more than eighty British companies and on about 800 senior managers working in them. It is in two parts. Part I starts by outlining problems involved in identifying influences on company performance. It then describes the sources of data analysed in the paper. The remainder of Part I examines the view that certain managerial and organizational attributes will tend to raise levels of performance whatever the type of company and its operating circumstances. Another approach takes the view that what makes for good performance is contingent upon the type of company and the prevailing situation. This is examined against our data in Part II of the paper. Part II concludes with an assessment of present knowledge on the managerial and organizational concomitants of company performance and the practical implicatons to be drawn from it.     

REPAIRING THE CRACKS: THE SUPERVISORY ROLE OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND POST-NORTHERN ROCK

Last autumn's run on Northern Rock was arguably of more political than economic importance. However, it is significant that most of the deposits were lost from internet and postal accounts rather than withdrawn by the picturesque queues of small investors, which attracted so much media attention, making it possibly the first cyber run on a bank. More can be learnt from failures than successes, and it now seems appropriate to consider the longer-term implications of the Northern Rock affair for the supervisory responsibilities of the Bank of England.     

STUDIES OF MANAGERIAL JOBS AND BEHAVIOUR: THE WAYS FORWARD

The main achievements and limitations of studies of managerial jobs and behaviour are summarized drawing upon the review articles of Martinko and Gardner (1985) and Hales (1986). Ways forward are explored by developing a map of the field for future studies, which is shown in figure 1. The figure has three aims: to show different areas for research; to help in identifying neglected areas that could be fruitful ways forward; and to show the interrelationship between different aspects of the study and thus to act as a guide for data collection. The main purpose of the article is to be a guide to what can, and what might most fruitfully, be studied, but some suggestions are also made about methods.     

营销精英的管理之道

营销精英如同科学天才一般,是可遇而不可求的。但营销精英有两点是值得我们重视的。其一就是充分利用好营销精英的才能,提高销售业绩;其二是借鉴营销精英的操作方式方法,给后人提供宝贵的经验和教训,便利公司未来营销发展需要。第一个方面就不多说了。     

MANAGERIAL ISSUES IN CLOSING THE LOOP

The consequences for corporations striving to meet the new requirements of ‘closing the loop’ are investigated. An integrated managerial framework is developed to manage products over their complete life cycle. Effectively managing systems for ‘closing the loop’ requires a careful examination of the complex web of markets, government regulations, consumer behavior, supplier relationships and their impact on the value chain of an individual corporation. The underlying assumption is that developing a systematic framework of managerial issues for managing products over their complete life cycle is necessary to cope with the increased complexity caused by the tools related to ‘closing the loop’. Although managerial issues are the focus in this paper, this does not imply that changing consumer behavior or a more incentive and innovation oriented regulatory approach are not of importance. Without such an approach only a few pioneers will follow a closed loop system.     

中小软件企业的新管理思维

近些年来,随着国家对软件产业的重视和向印度软件产业学习借鉴的过程中,我国软件企业开始了一场管理革命,特征就是开始陆续导入ISO质量体系认证和CMM软件成熟度模型认证。 但几年的实施经验告诉我们,这些认证模式,都或多或少存在相当缺陷。像ISO9000侧重告诉你要按规定做,注重水平的评估,不太强调经验积累,尤其是提高企业成长的过程。CMM虽强调了软件的开发过程和产品管理,但忽略员工的能动     

ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPORT ACTIVITY

Can various organizational and manager characteristics be empirically related to the level of export activity in the firm? This article attempts to provide an answer to this question using data obtained from a mail-survey of exporting firms. A comprehensive review of the literature is presented first, in order to identify the relevant organizational characteristics hypothesized to be related to export activity. Then, a set of ten characteristics are statistically related to level of export activity (percent of sales exported) using Multiple Classification Analysis and Automatic Interaction Detector technique. The multiple classification analysis reveals five significant correlates of export activity. The automatic interaction detector analysis produced seven distinct exporter types ranging from least active to most active exporter, as well as generating some insights into the nature of interactions among the correlates of export activity. Implications of the findings for public policy, management, and education are discussed last in the article.     

“问题富豪”如何凸现中国银行业信贷管理缺陷？

福布斯在中国内地的出名，更多是因其著名的“富豪榜”，但最近的内地富豪中有几位却遇到了不小的“麻烦”。今年在上海举办的《福布斯》论坛中诸多议题之一的中国银行业也备受关注，而这几位遇到不小“麻烦”的富豪给中国的银行业起到了什么警惕作用呢？“问题富豪”反映出中国银行业信贷管理缺陷有哪些？就此，国务院发展研究中心经济研究副所长巴曙松博士特撰此稿。     

MANAGERIAL AND OWNERSHIP SUCCESSION AND CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING: THE CASE OF MANAGEMENT BUY-INS*

This paper addresses the effects on corporate restructuring of changing management and ownership. First, it synthesises a number of perspectives on corporate restructuring which involve managerial succession, voluntary restructuring, agency theory, incentives and entrepreneurship, to obtain insights into the relative impact of simultaneously changing either, neither or both management and ownership. Second, it uses case study evidence from management buy-ins to examine the effects of changing both management and ownership. the evidence suggests that whilst management may be adequately incentivized, problems may arise in respect of information asymmetries, difficulties in matching entrepreneurs to the context and monitoring by venture capitalists, and implementation of strategies.     

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND THE EMERGENCE OF MANAGEMENT*

This article addresses the debate concerning the study of management. Arguing that definitions of management have suffered from conceptual obscurity, it advocates that an understanding of management must address relational, constitutive and political dimensions of its operation. the work of Michel Foucault, particularly the concept of power/knowledge and his ascending analysis of power, offers such an approach. the relevance of Foucault for recasting the study of management is illustrated through an analysis of performance appraisal systems introduced into UK universities.     

THE DETERMINANTS OF RURAL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE PERFORMANCE IN KOREA

Since the 1980s, a total of 221 small- and medium-sized rural industrial estates have been established primarily to induce economic growth into the rural areas in Korea. Despite a growing interest in the performance of the rural industrial estates, it has not been closely examined. The purpose of this paper is to find the plausible factors that have a significant influence on the performance of the rural industrial estates, thereby providing a general understanding of the structural relationship between the estate performance and its determinants. An econometric modeling approach, called LISREL, is used to carry out this evaluation. Of several influential determinants distinguished, seven variables appear to be of substantial significance. They include the urbanization and industrialization of the estate host community, the accessibility of the individual estates to the major cities, the distances from the estates to the large industrial complexes, the local tax rates, and the government loans and incentives. The findings imply that more favorable are the estates constructed within the labor market boundaries of the major cities and adjacent to large industrial complexes. In addition to the location and environmental factors, financial funds and incentives will continue to remain as an influential factor for the success or failure of the estates.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPES OF INNOVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

The relationship between adoption of administrative and technical innovations over time and its impact on organizational performance was studied. A confirmatory analysis of the data from 85 public libraries showed that, over consecutive time periods, changes in the social structure, portrayed by the adoption of administrative innovations, lead to changes in the technical system, portrayed by the adoption of technical innovations. Empirical support was also provided for Daft's (1982) framework for organizational innovation that was found to be effective in separating organizations based on their performance levels.