高技术产业集群的信任与声誉机制研究

高技术产业集群的“竞合关系”表现出“合作关系占主导,竞争关系为辅助”的关系结构;高技术产业集群内部经济主体具有长期合作的主观倾向;高技术产业集群的网络治理机制可以分为正式机制与非正式机制。从关系结构与网络成员的机会主义行为分析入手,对高技术产业集群非正式网络治理机制——信任文化和声誉机制进行了研究;高技术产业集群的信任体系结构包含五个层次,信任是网络型组织的基本运行机制,建立高绩效网络的最重要的要求是信任或社会认同。信任机制可以降低组织之间的交易成本;高技术产业集群以企业为主体的网络具有开放性,声誉机制的扩散效应更为明显,高技术产业集群声誉机制的重要含义在于拓展了交易范围与交易空间,为技术创新提供了更多的资源选择,使潜在交易对象可以演变为现实的可利用资源。     

关系嵌入、知识整合能力与惯例更新——创新型企业文化的调节作用

创新驱动发展战略背景下，激发创新成为企业的重要目标，而组织惯例更新则是其中的重要先导因素。本文以新能源汽车企业为例，探讨关系嵌入对惯例更新的影响，讨论知识整合能力的中介作用及创新型企业文化的调节作用。结果表明：关系嵌入的信息共享和共同解决问题正向影响惯例更新；知识整合能力在信息共享、共同解决问题与惯例更新的关系中发挥中介作用；创新型企业文化在信任、信息共享与知识整合能力之间起显著正向调节作用。研究结果为企业进行有效的创新管理和实践提供了有益的启示。     

产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享策略的演化博弈分析

产业集群的创新过程是集群中的创新行为主体在政府政策引导与支持下,通过彼此深度合作,实现知识创造的过程,也是知识在整个产业集群中的转移、共享、吸收与利用的过程。创新行为主体间的知识共享是集群创新的关键。分析了产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享的内涵,运用演化博弈理论,构建产业集群中企业、高校与科研机构、政府在知识共享策略中的复制动态博弈模型,分析了企业、高校与科研机构在政府监管条件下采取知识共享策略的动态演化过程,并对博弈结果进行分析。     

创新团队公平感知与知识共享行为关系研究——以成员信任为中介变量

创新团队组织形式的蓬勃发展使得团队成员的绩效激励方式成为众多管理者的研究课题。团队中掌握独特隐性知识的成员往往不愿意共享自身的有利于团队的创新知识,从而给团队的发展带来困难。如何针对这类员工做出有利于团队整体绩效提升的激励活动,是创新团队管理者和所有创新团队工作模式研究者的共同目标。通过数据模型的回归,得出如下结论:创新团队的成员公平感知与成员知识共享行为正向相关,成员对互动公平的感知对知识共享行为的影响最为显著。验证了创新团队成员信任在成员公平感知与知识共享行为之间的中介效用。     

信息不对称行业协会与高科技企业集群竞争力

本文从信息不对称角度研究了行业协会在高科技企业集群治理中的作用。行业协会通过沟通企业之间的信息，减少信息不对称，可以提升高科技企业集群的社会资本；可以约束企业行为，提升企业集群的外部声誉；使用博弈论方法分析行业协会协调企业之间的关系和行为，可以促使企业进行有序的合作与竞争；行业协会可以促进知识传播，增强集群的创新能力。     

集群中的企业信任机制研究——基于种群互相回报式合作行为博弈模型的分析

近年来,有关信任及其作用机制受到了国内外学者的广泛关注和深入研究,但对于集群内企业信任机制的研究还处在起步阶段。本文引入行为生态学方法,通过构建种群互相回报式合作行为博弈模型,对这一问题展开了比较系统的讨论,得出了以下两点基本结论:种群互相回报式重复博弈使得守诺成为种群进化稳定对策,这构成了集群内企业信任机制产生的重要内在动因;集群内的"社会实施"有效地限制了企业的道德风险和机会主义行为,为信任在集群企业内的产生和维系创造了外部约束条件。     

产业集群内部知识共享机制探析

产业集群内部知识共享机制其基本内涵为：产业集群内部各行为主体（主要是企业）为什么要知识共享、怎样进行知识共享、如何保证知识共享。这些分别构成了产业集群内部知识共享机制的三个方面：驱动因素、运行机制和保障机制。文章对此分别进行了较为详细的探析。     

高技术企业集群的知识联盟研究框架

文章在以知识为核心的企业集群理论和知识联盟理论的基础上，试图通过分析高技术企业集群中知识存量、吸收（学习）能力、人力资源的流动、信任机制、知识复杂性等因素对知识联盟的影响，研究高技术企业集群内部知识溢出、知识保护对知识联盟中学习和合作创新的影响，以此提出适合我国高新区发展的知识联盟模式和相应的政策建议。     

企业合作研发模式对创新质量的影响——基于中国专利数据的实证研究

本文使用1992—2016年第一申请人为企业的授权发明专利数据，通过手动整理申请人类别信息，构建合作研发模式指标，分析企业合作研发以及不同合作研发模式对企业高质量创新能力的影响。研究发现：整体而言，企业合作研发并不能提高企业创新质量；但将合作研发区分为不同模式后，产学研合作相比其他合作模式产生的专利被引数量更高，表明产学研合作对企业创新成果质量有显著的正向影响。在使用工具变量处理内生性问题、替换被解释变量，以及增加控制变量进行稳健性检验后，该结果仍然保持稳健。机制分析显示，产学研合作对企业创新绩效产生影响的机制是更高水平的信息共享。信息共享程度的提高能够显著提升企业创新质量，而与其他合作研发模式相比，产学研合作对信息共享的促进作用更大，因而能够显著提高合作创新质量。异质性分析揭示了产学研合作为何能够更好地促进信息共享，产学研合作中合作主体之间较弱的竞争关系，以及产学研合作技术的较强初创性和基础性特征均有利于提高合作者之间的信息共享程度。本文的研究发现揭示了产学研合作对企业高质量创新的重要性，对于中国如何建设成为创新型国家具有启示意义。     

产业集群与集聚区的社会经济网络研究

产业集群与集聚区作为社会经济网络进行着组织体内外的信息、资源配置,实现自身网络结构及产业效能的进化。网络行为主体通过合作、联合以及信息技术的衔接构建网络格局,形成了生产与供应链条化结合的生产网络、基于信任实现分工协作的合作网络、加速知识积累与传播的创新网络、金融中介以政府协同支持的衍生网络。该社会经济网络的生命力来源于网络内外资源及环境的持续支持和交流。着眼于社会经济网络对产业集群及集聚区升级的重要作用,应构建政府层网络－创新层网络－生产层网络组合的立体网络体系,并实现区域———国内———国外共享信息的虚拟网络系统。     

知识网络视角下虚拟科技园区发展模式研究

虚拟科技因区作为一种新型的产学研合作网络组织形式备受关注.本文从知识网络这一视角出发,分析虚拟科技园区知识网络的构成要素和相互作用关系,构建了虚拟科技园区知识循环创造模型,提出虚拟科技园区建立学习型组织的发展模式,在构建学习型组织的过程中应充分考虑虚拟化运营中合作伙伴文化背景复杂、合作意图差异及缺乏足够的相互信任所引发的学习智障,建立科学健全的基于组织层面和网络层面的学习机制,并以云南省大学科技园为案例进行分析.     

Cooperative Innovation Projects: Capabilities and Governance Mechanisms*

This paper is concerned with how firms in a project‐based industry cooperate in technological innovation projects in the construction industry. The main focus of the paper is on the sharing of capabilities in cooperative innovation projects and how these cooperations are governed. A knowledge‐based perspective is applied, and four cooperative innovation projects in the construction industry are compared. Based on the case studies, a set of propositions is defined. First, a cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, while maintaining their own differentiated knowledge base, can result in more stable and long term relationships with mutual trust between the cooperating firms. Second, in a cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, partners not only gain access to each other's technological capabilities but also develop and share knowledge about organizational aspects and market situations and gain knowledge about the way of working of the partner firm. Third, in a cooperation aimed at mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms, noncodifiability of the capabilities is conditional to create a win–win situation. And fourth, cooperation aimed at a mutual strategic benefit in mutually gaining access to the knowledge bases of the involved firms is based on mutual competence and intentional trust as its main governance mechanism, whereas contracting between market parties aimed at knowledge–output transactions is represented by limited trust and arms' length (contractual) relationships as its main governance mechanism.     

Managing knowledge leakage in strategic alliances: The effects of trust and formal contracts

Although strategic alliances offer opportunities for knowledge sharing and leveraging, they also carry the risk of knowledge leakage to partner firms. In this study, we conceptualize the notion of knowledge leakage as a multidimensional construct and formalize its measurement. We examine the effects of two dominant governance mechanisms—trust (goodwill trust and competence trust) and formal contracts on knowledge leakage. A survey of 205 partnering firms in China indicates that goodwill trust has a U-shaped relationship with knowledge leakage, whereas competence trust has a negative impact. Moreover, goodwill trust and competence trust interact differently with formal contracts on knowledge leakage. This study offers important theoretical and managerial insights for firms to manage knowledge leakage in strategic alliances.     

知识转移对R&D联盟企业创新能力作用路径研究

本文对R&D联盟企业知识转移的路径进行了研究,深入的分析了知识转移的影响因素,构建了一个包含多个影响因素的理论模型。该模型引入知识转移效果和合作机制作为中介变量,深入剖析知识转移因素对企业创新能力的影响。提出相应假设,运用结构方程模型对研究假设大样本数据进行路径验证。得出结论：知识转移效果和合作机制作为中介变量对企业创新能力有显著的正向影响。R&D联盟企业通过增强知识接收方的吸收能力和知识扩散方的传播能力来达到提高知识转移的效果,构建完善的联盟交易机制能够有效的促进联盟的知识转移的效率和提升企业创新能力。     

Trust and knowledge sharing in context: A study of international buyer-supplier relationships in Thailand

How does trust facilitate knowledge sharing between business partners in an emerging market? We advance the relational view of knowledge sharing by theoretically developing and empirically testing moderators of the impact of trust on knowledge sharing between MNE subsidiaries and their local suppliers. Distinguishing inter-organizational and inter-personal trust, we argue that the positive relationship between inter-organizational trust and knowledge sharing is moderated by characteristics of the transaction, while the positive impact of inter-personal trust is moderated by the organizational context in which the relationship is embedded. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 156 buyer-supplier relationships between MNE subsidiaries and local suppliers in Thai manufacturing, and find empirical support for our theoretical arguments. We conclude with managerial implications on how to facilitate knowledge sharing in an emerging market.     

How does trust affect alliance performance? The mediating role of resource sharing

Although the direct impact of trust on alliance performance is well documented, little is known about how trust affects alliance performance. Based on the resource-based view, this study develops a model that employs resource sharing as a critical mediating mechanism through which trust affects alliance performance. Using survey data from 205 Chinese firms that were engaged in alliances, we find broad support for the mediated effects of trust. Interestingly, we also find that goodwill trust matters more to tangible than to intangible resource sharing, whereas competence trust matters more to intangible than to tangible resource sharing. Overall, our research provides important implications for firms seeking to translate their trust into superior alliance performance.     

The Moderating Effects of Virtuality on the Antecedents and Outcome of NPD Team Trust

The fundamental dynamics of virtual and traditional face-to-face teams may be very different. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine and assess the moderating effects of virtuality on the antecedents and outcome of trust, where virtuality is measured along a continuum from face to face (no virtuality) to fully virtual rather than the more common approach of dichotomizing teams into two groups (i.e., face to face and virtual). The sample includes 116 different new product development teams from a variety of industries. The antecedents of trust that are studied are familiarity, goal clarity, training, relationship conflict, and process conflict. The outcome of trust is analyzed by determining how the impact of trust on cooperation changes as the level of virtuality changes. Primary findings are as follows: (1) Relationship conflict can be more detrimental to virtual teams than face-to-face teams because it is very difficult for team members of virtual teams to resolve their interpersonal disputes; (2) goal clarity is more important for face-to-face teams and less important for virtual teams in creating trust among team members; and (3) the impact of trust on cooperation is less for virtual teams than face-to-face teams. The primary implication for researchers and practice of these findings is that the role and importance of trust in virtual teams needs to be reevaluated. Managers using virtual teams need to realize that interpersonal relationships in virtual teams do not evolve in the same manner as face-to-face teams and may require different management techniques to be successful.     

Study on the influencing of B2B parasocial relationship on repeat purchase intention in the online purchasing environment: An empirical study of B2B E-commerce platform

With the meteoric progress of digital technology and the advent of network economy, there has been increasing interest in the business model of purchasing with B2B network among B2B e-commerce platforms and customer firms. Based on the perspective of parasocial relationship and dual-process theory, this study constructs a model of cognitive and emotional influences on customer firms' behavior, and analyzes the influence of features of entrepreneur endorser and online purchasing platform on B2B parasocial relationship, and how this relationship can affect repeat purchase intention. Furthermore, this paper examines the moderating effect of trust in the relationship between B2B parasocial relationship and repeat purchase intention. Findings indicate that perceived interactivity and trustworthiness of entrepreneur endorser and the service and product quality of online purchasing platform have a positive impact on B2B parasocial relationship. B2B parasocial relationship has a significant and positive impact on repeat purchase intention, while trust moderates the relationship between B2B parasocial relationship and repeat purchase intention.     

基于竞争与合作关系的网络组织成员间知识溢出效应分析

在分析网络组织成员间知识溢出效应及其影响因素的基础上,本文构造了基于成员关系的网络组织中知识共享的溢出模型,并分析了网络组织成员之间竞争与合作关系对成员之间知识共享中知识溢出效应影响的机理。在模型基础上进一步分析发现:在一个竞争与合作关系合理的网络组织中,知识溢出效应可以使得成员企业认识自身的知识状况,改变知识结构,并提高其知识竞争力。最后,为了强化网络组织成员之间的知识溢出效应并提高其知识共享效率,提出了几点管理建议。