全球价值链嵌入对高技术产业创新活跃度的影响北大核心

本文立足市场参与主体创新投入与创新产出视角,全面剖析全球价值链嵌入对高技术产业创新活跃度的影响。研究发现,全球价值链嵌入对高技术产业创新活跃度具有正向积极影响,且存在区域差异性;全球价值链嵌入有利于开拓服务边界、丰富贸易形式、改善供需连接和指引创新方向,可通过市场参与主体创新行为对高技术产业创新活跃度产生影响。进一步验证影响机制得出,市场参与主体创新投入和创新产出在全球价值链嵌入与高技术产业创新活跃度之间具有部分中介效应。全球价值链嵌入有助于驱动市场参与主体优化创新结构,继而通过提高创新投入和创新产出间接影响高技术产业创新活跃度。据此,应从畅通国际合作通道、加强外资高技术产业关联度、建立高技术产业创新人才培育体系方面驱动高技术产业创新活跃度提高。     

高技术产业创新投入配置对创新效率影响分析

为了探明如何有效配置创新资源以提升我国高技术产业的创新效率,以高技术产业原始创新和引进吸收消化再创新为分析对象,依据我国高技术产业1995～2008年的区域面板数据,采用随机前沿分析法(SFA)分别测度了创新投入在两种创新方式下的效率值。结果表明:原始创新投入的技术创新产出弹性最高,但经济效益产出弹性最低;引进消化吸收再创新投入对技术创新产出有正向的影响,但对经济效益产出却产生负向的影响。此外,政府资助、金融支持、产学研合作、市场结构等因素在不同创新产出指标下对创新效率影响有着显著差异。加大原始创新投入扶持力度、调整引进与吸收消化再创新投入结构、调整创新人才培养方式可以提升我国高技术产业整体创新效率。     

高技术产业知识溢出的地理邻近性与技术相似性研究

我国高技术产业创新产出的空间分布存在着显著的局域空间相关性特征,本文将地理邻近性与技术相似性因素纳入到知识生产函数模型中,分析了邻域（地理/技术）地区研发投入对“本地区”高技术产业创新产出的影响。结果发现,“本地区”高技术产业创新绩效一方面受到周边邻近地区创新投入的影响;另一方面技术邻近对“本地区”的创新产出也很重要,但技术相似性与地理邻近性对知识溢出的影响不是相互独立的,在某种程度上可能是重叠的。     

技术创新资源投入对高技术企业产品创新绩效影响的实证研究

以新产品产出作为测度我国高技术企业产品创新绩效的指标,以我国2003~2008年大中型高技术企业的面板数据为样本,应用广义矩方法对包括R&D投入和非R&D投入在内的技术创新资源投入对我国高技术企业产品创新绩效的影响进行了实证分析。结果显示:包括研发经费和科技人员在内的R&D投入、非R&D投入构成要素中的技术改造、技术引进、消化吸收对提升我国高技术企业产品创新绩效具有显著的直接正向影响。同时,研究发现技术引进、国内技术购买作为调节变量,显著提升了研发经费投入对高技术企业产品创新绩效的边际贡献;消化吸收作为调节变量,显著提升了技术引进和国内技术购买对高技术企业产品创新绩效的边际贡献。根据实证研究结论,为在开放式创新环境下提升我国高技术企业的产品创新绩效,本文进一步提出了针对性的对策建议。     

基于创新过程系统的区域高技术产业竞争力评价

基于创新过程系统,将区域高技术产业竞争力分为创新投入、创新产出、创新扩散与创新支持4个维度。采用因子分析法和聚类分析法,分析并评价了2013年31个省市的高技术产业竞争力。研究结果表明:各个区域在创新过程系统不同维度的表现并不一致;高技术产业园区对高技术产业发展具有引领和示范作用;区域高技术产业依赖于区域经济的发展,并作用于区域经济的发展。针对中国高技术产业现状,提出了促进高技术产业竞争力提升的对策与建议。     

基于过程的高技术产业技术创新效率测度

本文基于过程的角度,根据创新投入要素和产出成果的不同形式,以专利作为中间产品,建立了高技术产业技术创新的过程模型,将整个技术创新过程分为两个阶段：技术产出阶段和技术转化阶段。并在过程分析中,选取合理的指标,利用两阶段DEA模型,对1999～2007年我国高技术产业的技术创新效率进行了科学的测度。     

高技术产业创新驱动中低技术产业增长的影响因素研究

创新驱动发展是中国经济发展新常态的重要内容。创新驱动发展的本质是高技术产业创新向中低技术产业转移和扩散,带动中低技术产业全要素生产率提升和资源配置优化的过程。本文从知识生产函数角度,构建了一个高技术产业创新驱动中低技术产业增长模型,提出了产业间创新驱动指数。根据产业间创新驱动指数的变化,创新驱动发展可分为嵌入驱动、协同驱动、融合驱动和逆向驱动四个具有周期性特征的循环过程,不同阶段的高、中低技术产业发展表现为"收敛"、"融合"、"锁定"、"发散"或"挤出"等不同趋势。干中学、研发和知识溢出等内部因素,以及知识产权、FDI和企业规模等外部条件之间的交互作用,影响着中低技术产业增长向高技术产业收敛或发散的过程。实证结果显示,中国经济已经进入嵌入驱动阶段,驱动效果显著,高技术与中低技术产业间呈现"收敛式"发展态势。其中,知识溢出、研发、干中学和知识产权保护是实现创新驱动发展的关键要素,FDI和企业规模对创新驱动发展具有明显的"替代效应"和"规模效应"。创新驱动发展需要高技术和中低技术产业协同创新与发展,也需要在创新驱动和FDI、企业规模之间达到一种平衡关系。     

基于偏好多阶段DEA模型的高技术产业区域创新绩效评价研究

高技术产业已成为区域创新的重要载体,并通过高新技术企业从事的诸多科技活动及创新行为,凝结成为推动区域创新的助推力。鉴于高技术产业在科技创新中蕴含的结构特征,将该产业创新过程划分为具有紧密逻辑关联的两个阶段。诚然,为了获得更加科学、准确的评价结 果需要将决策者的主观偏好体现在管理决策过程中。本文提出了体现两阶段特征的偏好DEA 模型,对我国高技术产业的区域绩效进行了测算,进一步探究出决策者在不同阶段偏好下对高技术产业创新效率的影响,并针对各区域的分布特征分别提出了对策与措施。     

基于DEA模型的高技术产业R&D效率评价

作为创新的"孵化器",高技术产业的RD效率问题至关重要。从区域与行业交叉的视角出发,选取RD活动人员折合全时当量和RD经费内部支出作为投入指标,有效发明专利数和新产品销售收入作为产出指标,运用DEA模型研究了中国高技术产业5个行业在17个省市的RD活动效率,运用层次聚类分析对17个省市加以聚类。研究结果表明:中国高技术产业RD效率普遍偏低,没有任何一个省市的5个高技术产业均处于较高的RD效率上;区域间发展很不平衡,高技术产业行业差异比较明显;个别省市的5个高技术产业的RD效率都很低;传统"创新"大省RD效率并不突出,存在严重的资源浪费。针对存在的问题,从追求效率、追求精益、协同发展和加强政策引导等方面提出了对策与建议。     

科技金融对创新效率影响的实证研究——基于中国高技术产业省级面板数据

基于中国东部、中部、西部以及全国2007~2016年高技术产业的省级面板数据,以科技经费投入和技术人力投入作为投入指标,以专利数量和新产品的产值作为产出指标,首先使用DEA方法计算了不同地区高技术产业的创新效率。以企业自主创新投入、政府支持、科技信贷和风投支持作为科技金融指标,使用面板模型实证分析了科技金融对于高技术产业创新效率的影响。结果表明,考察期内,中国不同地区高技术产业的创新效率均有所提升;科技金融的发展在一定程度上提升了高技术产业的创新效率,但是外商直接投资对于创新效率产生了一定的抑制作用。最后针对本文结论提出了相关建议。     

Technological acquisitions and the innovation performance of acquiring firms: a longitudinal study

This paper examines the impact of acquisitions on the subsequent innovation performance of acquiring firms in the chemicals industry. We distinguish between technological acquisitions, acquisitions in which technology is a component of the acquired firm's assets, and nontechnological acquisitions: acquisitions that do not involve a technological component. We develop a framework relating acquisitions to firm innovation performance and develop a set of measures for quantifying the technological inputs a firm obtains through acquisitions. We find that within technological acquisitions absolute size of the acquired knowledge base enhances innovation performance, while relative size of the acquired knowledge base reduces innovation output. The relatedness of acquired and acquiring knowledge bases has a nonlinear impact on innovation output. Nontechnological acquisitions do not have a significant effect on subsequent innovation output. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高技术产业集群的信任与声誉机制研究

高技术产业集群的“竞合关系”表现出“合作关系占主导,竞争关系为辅助”的关系结构;高技术产业集群内部经济主体具有长期合作的主观倾向;高技术产业集群的网络治理机制可以分为正式机制与非正式机制。从关系结构与网络成员的机会主义行为分析入手,对高技术产业集群非正式网络治理机制——信任文化和声誉机制进行了研究;高技术产业集群的信任体系结构包含五个层次,信任是网络型组织的基本运行机制,建立高绩效网络的最重要的要求是信任或社会认同。信任机制可以降低组织之间的交易成本;高技术产业集群以企业为主体的网络具有开放性,声誉机制的扩散效应更为明显,高技术产业集群声誉机制的重要含义在于拓展了交易范围与交易空间,为技术创新提供了更多的资源选择,使潜在交易对象可以演变为现实的可利用资源。     

Partner technological heterogeneity and innovation performance of R&D alliances

This study investigates the impacts of partner technology heterogeneity on innovation performance of alliance firms both in terms of R&D output and the enhancement of partners’ innovation capability. We apply a generalized semi-parametric model on a questionnaire survey result of 413 High and New Technology Enterprises in China. In order to ensure the robustness and practicability of our result, PCA is applied to extract comprehensive information and SiZer analysis is employed to test the linearity and significance of the nonparametric functions in the model. Our results indicate that collaborations between partners with different industry technologies exert inversed U-shaped R&D output pattern and affect very little the innovation ability of focal firms. The impact of industry domain divergence is no longer significant when partner technology heterogeneity is added in the model of analysis. Partner technology heterogeneity leads to an ascending S-shaped R&D output pattern and contributes positively to innovation capabilities. One of the implications of our findings is that when choosing R&D alliance partners, firms are better off avoiding candidates from a different industry domain but opt for potential collaborators who are in the same industry but in the different technical domain, which may facilitate more effective organizational learning. Further, we argue that the reasons behind the S-shaped R&D output pattern led by technology heterogeneity being the co-existence of competition and cooperation between partners where firms collaborate in value-creation by combining diverse resources and compete for acquiring partner’s distinct technology and resources. Therefore, we suggest that, for the sustainability of collaborative innovation outcome, both cooperation and competition amongst alliance partners should be encouraged and well balanced at different stages of joint R&D projects.     

创新要素流动视角下企业技术并购的创新绩效研究

本文利用沪深A股2009~2019年间的技术并购数据,实证检验技术并购中资金要素流出即现金支付和技术要素流入,即目标企业创新能力对企业创新绩效的影响,以及静态创新要素企业自由现金流和技术存量的调节作用。研究表明:技术并购中现金支付对企业当年创新投入具有挤出效应,对企业当年和次年的创新产出均具有负向影响;目标企业创新能力对企业创新投入无影响,对创新产出具有显著的正向促进作用。企业自由现金流对现金支付的挤出效应具有缓解作用,技术存量能进一步促进目标企业创新能力对企业创新产出的正向影响。     

The influence of firms' technological capabilities on export performance in supplier-dominated industries: the case of ceramic tiles firms

In this paper, we study the effects that firms' technological capabilities, as an expression of their technological innovation strategy, have on their international competitiveness. In doing so, we draw on export and international trade literature to justify the influence that the firms' technological activity has on their export performance. In addition, we use concepts derived from the literature on technological innovation to identify different capabilities that the firms may develop to manage their innovation process, i.e., those related to investment, production and co-operation. These constitute the basis of our hypothesis, in which the technological innovation capabilities identified are related to firms' export performance. Empirical work is carried out on a sample of 88 Spanish exporting firms belonging to the ceramic tiles industry, which is characterized as being a supplier-dominated industry. Data were mainly gathered through a postal survey directed at firm managers. Our findings show that technological innovation capabilities have a positive impact on export performance. Specifically, results show that investment in internal non-R&D innovative activities, such as engineering design and pre-production, exerts a positive influence on export performance. However, neither investment in R&D nor investment in external acquisition of technology exerts any influence on export performance. In addition, our findings show that production capabilities have a positive effect linked to both improvement and imitation of products and processes. Regarding co-operation, export performance is related to capabilities that derive from co-operation with universities and research institutes rather than co-operation with other companies.     

基于平衡计分卡模型的电信企业绩效评价研究——以中国网络通信集团江苏省公司为例

平衡计分卡绩效评价法在国际电信业的应用十分广泛,由于我国电信行业还处于垄断阶段,该模型是否适合在我国推广需要进行验证和修正。本文以中国网通江苏地区13家分公司为例,通过综合使用层次分析法、主成分分析法对平衡计分卡中的财务、客户、内部业务、学习及成长等四个层面进行赋权,优化了平衡计分卡绩效模型指标。通过因果逻辑检验选择了电信企业平衡计分卡绩效评价的部分关键指标,首次验证了平衡计分卡绩效评价模型在我国电信企业的适用性和局限所在,并纠正了发达地区等因素对企业绩效有正相关的错误认识,为电信企业战略管理决策提供了理论依据。     

The influence of material resources on innovation projects: the role of resource elasticity

More (rather than fewer) material resources are thought to be the key driver in innovation project performance. Recent empirical evidence, however, suggests that the influence of material resource availability on innovation projects is not as simple and straightforwardly positive as it may seem. We build on the concept of an innovation project team's resource elasticity to disentangle the material resource–innovation output conundrum. This concept is analogous to the marketing concept of price elasticity and points to four types of innovation project teams based on their resource elasticity: In resource‐elastic teams, the relationship between material resources and innovation outcomes is positive (hence, they are ‘resource driven’ when able to dispose of adequate material resources or ‘resource victims’ when lacking these material resources). In contrast, and as a significant departure from previous work, resource‐inelastic teams show no or even a negative relationship between material resource adequacy and team performance (thus, the teams are ‘resourceful’ if they can perform with limited material resources or ‘resource burners’ if they show low success with adequate material resources). Because neither adequate nor inadequate material resources seem to be a reliable predictor of success, we synthesize empirical research efforts that point to each team type's key characteristics to derive novel implications for managing innovation projects.     

Sustainability,Social Media Driven Open Innovation,and New Product Development Performance*

Sustainability and social media use in open innovation play important roles in a firm's new product development (NPD) process. This research examines, in conjunction, the roles of sustainability and social media driven inbound open innovation (SMOI) for a firm's NPD performance, and further, takes a more refined approach by differentiating between different types of SMOI activities. To this end, this research develops and tests a conceptual framework, which predicts that (1) a firm's sustainability orientation (SO) is positively associated with its NPD performance, (2) customer focus (CF) partially mediates the SO–NPD performance link, and (3) particular SMOI activities moderate the CF–NPD performance link. The empirical results, using data from the Product Development and Management Association (PDMA)'s comparative performance assessment study, provide support for most of the framework. Notably, this research documents a positive link between SO and NPD performance, as well as a partial mediating role of CF. The results further suggest that social media driven open innovation activities focused on gathering market insights enhance CF directly, while social media driven open innovation activities that garner technical expertise enhance the link between CF and NPD performance. This paper bridges the separate literatures on sustainability and open innovation, and contributes to the NPD research. The findings suggest that managers should take a strategic approach to sustainability and embed it in the NPD process. Furthermore, managers should manage social media based open innovation carefully to fully benefit the firm during the front end and back end of NPD.