"有限理性"理论与我国上市公司会计信息失真

从"有限理性"理论的角度探讨了我国现阶段在上市资格准入制度、配股条件、业绩评价指标等方面因过度重视"结果理性"而诱导上市公司会计信息失真,提出应着眼于"程序理性",对会计信息失真的现象从制度上加以防范.     

论新常态下程序理性与结果理性有机融合的企业业绩评价

科学、合理的企业经营业绩评价体系应充分体现程序理性与结果理性有机融合的理念,即应满足既定的业绩评价秩序域的约定与利益相关者对业绩评价的目标要求;然而,这些都会随着经济环境的变化而发生相应的改变。新常态经济发展换档范式的引入,将对企业的经营及业绩评价体系产生重大影响,从而导致业绩评价秩序域的约定与业绩评价目标要求发生变化。新常态下的经济发展特征是:调速度、调结构和调动力,为此,企业的经营目标应定位于:以提质增效为总目标,以调速度、优结构、创新驱动为指引,以企业的经营特色和优势的保持与发展为核心,追求企业稳步的可持续发展,从而达到企业价值不断增值。与新常态的经济发展特征相适应,评价者对业绩评价的目标要求从原本的追求规模的扩大,收益的高速增长转而追求收益的稳步与可持续增长;与企业经营目标的定位相适应,企业的业绩评价应增加或突出反映业绩增长速度、结构调整与技术创新等方面的评价内容,从而形成以过程导向为特征的程序理性与结果理性有机融合的业绩评价体系。     

浅谈会计预算对企业理性投资的作用

企业作为市场的主体,要想把各种风险控制在自己能力的范围内,且通过进一步地投资来推动企业的成长,科学地会计预算为其理性投资做好了基础性的财务与资金计划准备,使得其尽可能地秉持理性地认识与思考,用有限理性的决策与执行行为来追求企业的发展。     

会计行为优化与会计信息质量

会计行为是提供会计信息的行为,即会计信息的生产和分配活动。会计行为目标可概括为会计目标和会计行为主体动机两者互动均衡的结果,其中含有会计最终目的,即满足会计信息使用者的有关需要。由于会计行为是会计目标和会计行为的主体动机两者的互动均衡,因此,会计行为主体的研究与会计信息质量密切相关。会计行为主体也就是会计人员,他们的行为动机是双重的,一方面追求财富的最大化,另一方面又追求非财富(利他主义)的最大化。当这种目标不一致时,会计人员会出于自身利益考虑,把自己的成本转嫁给他人,产生失真的会计信息,进而又对社会造成危害…     

市场更有效了吗:从有限理性人到机构投资者

在理性经济人假设条件下.有效市场假说(Efficient Market Hypothesis,简称 EMH)认为投资者在信息处理上具有完全理性,他们能够客观地对市场上的所有信息作出正确反映。任何有关价格的信息披露都会引起投资者的积极交易,以追求超额利润。理性投资者之间的这种相互竞争可以有效消     

会计目标探析

一、会计目标的提出及意义会计目标是会计理论和会计实务研究的起点,其内容包括五点:提供会计信息;会计信息的使用者有哪些;会计信息使用者需要哪些信息;这些信息的具体特征;如何满足这一信息要求。明确会计目标具有以下重要意义:1·会计目标是会计理论研究的逻辑起点,对会计发     

会计信息真实性:基于"法律真实说"的理性思考

会计信息真实性的本质是一种法律真实,它以客观真实为基础,但又有别于客观真实;它侧重于程序真实,是遵循程序理性的结果.因此,会计标准是衡量会计信息真实性的直接依据,而客观真实一般不能直接作为判断会计信息真实性的标准.法律真实是客观真实和价值判断的统一体,且具有不同的等级和层次.     

关于有限理性等理性问题的探讨

从完全理性到有限理性的发展,是对西方传统经济学的一次挑战,同时也是对现实存在的一次回归。在本文中,笔者立足于有限理性的基本观点,在此基础上,提出序数研究有限理性,并对有限理性进行层级划分和等理性探讨。文中采用类比、归纳等方法来论证笔者的猜想,使观点有据可依,也为有限理性的研究寻找一个新的方向。     

投资决策理论比较研究：理性与有限理性

标准金融学的投资决策理论是以理性人假设和有效市场理论为基础发展起来的,是关于资本市场均衡状态下最优投资组合决策。行为金融学的投资决策理论以有限理性为分析前提,突出人的认知局限性以及信息、环境的不确定性对行为选择的作用。     

投资决策理论比较研究:理性与有限理性

标准金融学的投资决策理论是以理性人假设和有效市场理论为基础发展起来的,是关于资本市场均衡状态下最优投资组合决策.行为金融学的投资决策理论以有限理性为分析前提,突出人的认知局限性以及信息、环境的不确定性对行为选择的作用.     

The Rationale for Cost Allocation: a Study of UK Divisionalised Companies

This paper reports the results of an empirical study designed to examine how top management in divisionalised companies perceive central costs allocation for the purposes of performance evaluation. Data for the study were collected from senior management using a questionnaire survey. The empirical evidence shows that top management allocate costs to influence the behaviour of managers to take action in the best interests of the company as a whole. Following from this, top management perceive allocations as being likely to encourage the optimal utilisation of resources. However, top management perceive allocations as being unlikely to reduce both divisional managers' expenditure on perquisites and budgetary slack.     

为什么德国“不折腾”

二战结束后,特别是到20世纪50、60年代,依靠艾哈德"社会市场经济"政策的调节,联邦德国经济发展迅速,创造了经济增长的奇迹。1963年阿登纳因专权引起党内反对而辞职,当时的经济部长艾哈德接任总理职务。     

The Nature and Rationale of a Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting by Islamic Banks

Islamic banks have to abide by the revealed doctrines in Islam in conducting their business and financial transactions. They employ in-house religious advisers—often referred to as Shari'a Supervisory Board (SSB)—who issue a special report to inform users of financial statements whether or not the bank has adhered to the Islamic principles. Recently, a private standard-setting body—the Financial Accounting Organization for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions (FAOIBFI)—has been set up to externally regulate the financial reporting by Islamic banks. The FAOIBFI has published two statements on the objectives and concepts of financial reporting to act as a framework in setting accounting standards for Islamic banks. This paper examines the FAOIBFI's approach for developing objectives and concepts of financial accounting and investigates its need for such a theoretical framework. It is argued that the FAOIBFI's objectives and concepts would not be useful in mandating accounting standards on issues that are affected by religious ruling. This does not necessarily mean that such a framework may not be useful in legitimating the FAOIBFI's role and in setting accounting standards for issues that are not governed by revealed moral doctrines although it will be subject to similar limitations to those found by other standard-setting bodies in utilising and applying their framework. However, it implies that the more the FAOIBFI sets accounting standards that incorporate religious ruling, the less it would tend to find its own objectives and concepts useful. The ambiguities that may arise from different interpretations of the religious rules will require resolutions primarily by reference to religious rather than accounting authority.     

A Possible Economic Rationale for Straight-Line Depreciation

Straight-line depreciation (SL) appears to be a crude procedure that is unsupported by economic logic. Nevertheless, internationally, it is the most widely used method of allocating the costs of fixed assets to accounting periods by way of depreciation charges. Many authors attribute its use to its simplicity. That justification may be deemed to be insufficient, since ideally SL should provide accounting figures with economic meaning under known assumptions. Such meaning might be defined by reference to the net present value (NPV) calculus, which is recommended in the literature of financial management for the evaluation of economic flows associated with the acquisition of fixed assets. After briefly considering economic depreciation alternatives discussed in the literature, this article selects the Ladelle/Brief/Grinyer Earned Economic Income (EEI) calculus as a theoretical model for the examination of SL depreciation. EEI provides signals which are consistent with those given by NPV and can satisfy the accounting constraint that one should recognize realised profits only. The article employs mathematics and deterministic computer simulation to explore some circumstances in which SL provides figures which approximate to the net investment charges using the EEI calculus. It shows that there are many patterns of declining annual benefits from ownership for which SL provides an approximation to EEI net charges that could be considered to be adequate. Consequently SL often provides more economically interpretable information, and consequently is more defensible, than is typically assumed in the literature relating to accounting.     

International Accounting Standards: An Alternative Rationale

International aspects of financial reporting have begun to receive an increasing amount of attention by a range of organizations. There is a need then, to appraise critically the performance and the underlying rationale of those agencies responsible for influencing international practices. Identification and appraisal of the rationale underlying the existence of those agencies is a necessary step in determining their potential for achieving the objectives which they have been set. This paper examines the rationale behind one of these agencies, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC, 1977). Unlike many others, the paper does not attempt to explain why we should have an organization such as the IASC and the standards it produces. Rather, it represents an attempt to explain why we do have an organization such as the IASC. To that end, an alternative rationale is suggested for the output of the IASC, based on theories of professional selfinterest, agency, and property rights. It is argued that that rationale is likely to have significantly greater explanatory power in respect of the present output produced by the IASC than those traditionally presented.     

The new global accounting community: Rationale for dialogue to establish its accountability?

The reputation of the accounting community is an important intangible asset. The community persistently builds its reputation through disclosure of reputation signals that crystallize its status with the commercial social system [Riahi-Belkaoui and Pavlik, 1992; Raar J. Beyond ethics: a community platform to secure moral integrity. Australian Accounting Review 2006;16(1):41–50]. Therefore, as a community in the global village, it is an institution of accountability, which in turn is dependent on honesty and trust (Lee, 1995). The intention of this conceptual paper is to provide discourse that induces questions for reflection in the call for values underpinning the integrity and ethical stance of the profession. To an extent ethical codes assist, however in an international professional community the self-governance procedures and investigations of a local professional body may now be outside its geographical jurisdiction. Walker [Walker RG. The ASRB: policy formation, political activity and research. Paper presented at Accounting Association of Australian and New Zealand (AANZ) annual conference in Sydney; August, 1985] suggests that accounting rules are only symbolic behaviour unless compliance is monitored, and sanctions are imposed [Walker RG. The ASRB: policy formation, political activity and research. Paper presented at Accounting Association of Australian and New Zealand (AANZ) annual conference in Sydney; August, 1985. p. 12]. The internationalisation of accounting standards appears to present an opportune period in the evolution of a self regulatory accounting profession to consider the issues of moral values and integrity and ask the question, what does this international profession stand for?     

Increasing Market Share as a Rationale for Corporate Acquisitions

This study examines the relative importance of market share in acquisitions because anecdotal evidence and economic theory suggest that merging firms benefit from larger market share. Firms might focus on market share to improve shareholder value through improved efficiency, which benefits consumers. Alternatively, higher market share could generate greater market power, which adversely affects consumers. I find that market share of merging firms increases by more than 30%, relative to the pre‐acquisition level, and the increase is even larger after I account for industry changes. Abnormal returns are positively correlated with changes in market share around acquisitions, but not with changes in industry concentration, which suggests stock market's expectation of future benefits from efficiency rather than market power. More directly, I find that merging firms' long‐run profitability increases with market share, and the increase in profitability primarily results from better asset management.     

双重优先原则在我国合伙企业的应用

本文借鉴商法中合伙企业债务清偿的双重优先原则，探讨了我国合伙企业及其合伙人如何清偿税收债务的问题，并进而提出了如何完善我国相关法律规定的建议。