经济全球化对贫困影响的争论及原因研究综述

目前关于经济全球化对贫困影响的文献相当多,但研究的结果却大不相同：有学者认为全球化有益于缓解贫困,有学者则认为全球化将不利于贫困人口。即使有学者利用经验检验两者之间的关系,也没有得出一致的结论。而细观这些文献,我们会发现导致争论的原因主要来源三个方面：贫困概念定义的模糊,度量方法的不同以及理论模型的差异。     

论经济全球化对发展中国家的影响及其应对策略

经济全球化使各种生产要素在全球范围内优化组合和资源优化配置,从而促进全球经济的迅速发展,其特征是生产、交换、分配、消费的全球化。它是一把“双刃剑”。它在推动全球生产力大发展、加速世界经济增长的同时,也带来一些负面影响,特别是对发展中国家而言,可以说是积极影响和消极冲击同在、发展机遇和严峻挑战并存。发展中国家要根据本国的实际情况,确定本国参与经济全球化的步骤、速度和深度,采取有利的战略决策和方针政策,完善其应对策略。     

From protectionism to free trade fever? Recent reforms in developing countries

During the 1980s, increasing numbers of developing countries unilaterally liberalized their trade regimes. This paper presents an overview of this dramatic shift from protectionism toward freer trade. South Asia, Latin America, and East Asia have implemented extensive reforms, yet each region has shown a distinct difference in approach and in the degree of liberalization actually achieved. Latin America stands out as moving sharply toward the level of openness of the East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs). Only in Africa is there little progress toward freer trade.     

全球化背景下对主权理论的再认识

主权理论是政治学领域中的一个重要和基本的理论问题。主权理论产生至今,经历了许多的理论演变,在不可抗拒的全球化趋势下,国家主权受到越来越多的冲击和挑战。发展中国家面临着应对全球化进程,维护国家主权的艰巨任务。     

Workers' Remittances,Capital Inflows,and Economic Growth in Developing Asia and the Pacific

This paper examines the impact of remittances on economic growth, using developing countries in Asia and the Pacific as a case study. Using data for the period 1993–2013, our results show that remittances only generate negative and significant impacts on economic growth if they reach 10 percent of GDP or higher. A remittances‐to‐GDP ratio of below 10 percent could still impact growth negatively, but the effect is statistically insignificant. The present study finds some degree of substitutability between remittances and financial development. Foreign direct investment (FDI), but not other types of capital inflow, contributes significantly to economic growth. Other traditional growth engines, including education, trade openness, and domestic investment, are crucial in promoting growth in developing Asian and Pacific nations.     

经济全球化、反经济全球化与中国经济发展

经济全球化与反经济全球化是两种性质不同的全球化运动。我们在论证经济全球化对中国经济社会发展的影响和作用后,试图从具有中国特色的国情出发,努力探讨出一些能说明反全球化在中国没有市场的原因。研究结论表明,中国需要经济全球化和反经济全球化两种声音,以便于对经济全球化有一个更清醒地认识,为政府制定完善的决策提供更广泛的意见。恐惧或抗拒经济全球化是没有出路的,正确的选择是主动参与经济全球化进程,积极融入经济全球化潮流,在加快发展中改善或转变自身的边缘地位,努力扩大中国在对外政策领域的制度话语权和政治影响力。     

循序渐进地推进我国金融深化的对策选择

随着金融改革力度的不断加大,我国的金融深化问题已成为金融领域的重要问题之一。目前我国金融业飞速发展,金融结构发生显著的变化,金融深化程度不断提高。我们要积极主动地面对金融深化进程中存在的市场效率损失问题,建立一个高效的金融市场,推动和指导中国金融深化进一步深入,使金融深化带动经济增长。     

Extent and evaluation of protection in developing countries

Tariff protection and nontariff barriers are higher in developing countries than in industrial nations. The tendency of protection to decline with a higher level of development can be explained by the role of import taxes in government revenue, by export pessimism, and by differential treatment of developing countries under GATT.Protection against imports is a burden on the export sector. Trade liberalization has important effects on economic growth and factor productivity. Recent programs of trade liberalization are implemented together with complementary macroeconomic policies to enhance the possibility of sustaining trade policy reforms to be sustained.     

Can trade liberalisation in South Africa reduce poverty and inequality while boosting economic growth? Macro–micro reflections

South Africa is trapped in a cycle of modest growth, unacceptable poverty levels and record unemployment. This has led to renewed interest on the relationship between macro (growth) and micro (poverty and distribution) issues. This paper uses a macro–micro tool that couples a computable general equilibrium model with microsimulation models to examine the impact of further unilateral trade policy reforms on growth, poverty and welfare. Trade liberalisation alone has very minimal short-run macroeconomic consequences while its long-term impacts are positive and magnified by technical factor productivity (TFP) effects. Trade liberalisation has no appreciable impact on poverty in the short run even if we allow for trade-induced TFP increases. In the long run, however, poverty reduces even in the case when we do not allow for TFP increases. Trade liberalisation policy has been found to be progressive despite the low level of tariff protection remaining in South Africa.     

金融摩擦下利率市场化改革对经济增长的影响研究

当前我国正面临经济增长放缓、流动性趋紧、利率居高不下的复杂局面,如何推进利率市场化改革以维护金融稳定、促进经济增长是重要的课题。文章构建包含金融摩擦因素的经济增长模型,并选用1980—2013年的数据进行实证检验。研究认为,利率变化对储蓄的影响是正向的,对投资的影响在2000年前后由正转负,与经济增长长期负相关,随着利率市场化改革的深入,利率的经济增长弹性呈增大趋势。未来利率市场化改革的重点,在短期应稳健审慎推进存款利率上限放开,在长期应优化金融市场结构畅通利率微观传导机制。