发展中国家的都市农业

在大量已有研究的基础上,系统地总结了发展中国家都市农业的性质、类型和特点,分析了其利弊和发展所面临的障碍,简要介绍了发展中国家对都市农业的研究活动,最后指出了发展中国家发展都市农业的必要性并提出了规范和引导其都市农业发展的对策。     

Exchange rate volatility and demand for money in less developed countries

One implication of currency substitution is that the exchange rate could serve as another determinant of the demand for money. Indeed, many studies have justified this empirically for the majority of countries. If the exchange rate serves as a determinant of the demand for money, exchange rate volatility could also influence money demand. By using annual data from 15 less developed countries and the bounds testing approach, we show that exchange rate volatility has short-run effects on the demand for real M2 monetary aggregate in LDCs. However, in most countries, short-run effects are not sustained.     

Optimal control and differential game models of military expenditure in less developed countries

This paper presents optimal control and differential game models of military expenditure in less developed countries. We emphasise the strategic interconnections between aggressive neighbours and explicitly stress the optimal resource allocation problem between civilian and military expenditure. A major innovation of the analysis is to analyse the asymmetric reaction functions of the two agents and the formalisation of the stylised fact that most LDC arms races have taken place between participants of ‘unequal’ size.     

发达国家城市流浪乞讨救助政策及其对我国的启示

本文总结概括了美国、英国、法国、日本等国家救助社会流浪乞讨人员的政策经验。在结合国情的基础上,从完善救助政策、发挥非政府组织的作用、健全社会保障制度、加强技能培训、强化部门合作等方面提出了我国救助社会流浪乞讨人员的建议。     

Efficient entrepreneurial culture: a cross-country analysis of developed countries

Entrepreneurship, together with national cultural values, may improve a country’s GDP levels. Under this hypothesis, the aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between the levels of entrepreneurship, cultural values, and of GDP per capita in a sample of 27 developed countries, by identifying an efficient combination of culture and entrepreneurship variables, under the concept of efficient entrepreneurial culture, that maximises GDP per capita. Through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, nine countries have been identified as having an efficient entrepreneurial culture. The implications derived for policy-makers are substantial, since a better understanding of cultural effects on entrepreneurship can lead to improvements in the design of governmental programmes that foster cultural values related to high-quality entrepreneurship.     

Women in cabinet and public health spending: evidence across countries

This article studies the effect of women’s cabinet representation on public health policy outcomes. Based on a large sample of countries in the year 2000, the analysis shows that an increase in the share of women in cabinet is associated with an increase in public health spending. There is also an indication of a decrease in the gender gap in life expectancies in places with higher cabinet representation of women. The endogeneity of women’s cabinet representation is accounted for by using the share of daughters that a national leader parents as an instrument.     

发达国家应急管理特点研究

发达国家基本上都是依据法律建立立体化、网络化的综合减灾、应急管理体系,从上到下常设专职机构,由相关专业人员组成抢险救援队伍,军事化或准军事化管理,建立严格而高效的政府信息发布系统,明确政府相关职能和部门合作事项,有超前的灾害研究和事故预防机制,普遍重视灾害意识培养和全社会的应急培训,有充足的应急准备和可靠的信息网络保障.对我们国家应急管理体系建设很有借鉴和启示作用.     

发达国家生产性服务业发展的影响因素——基于OECD国家生产性服务业的分析

通过使用部分OECD国家的投入产出数据对发达国家生产性服务业发展的影响因素进行分析,结果表明制造业和服务业的中间需求、信息技术水平、市场环境变迁对生产性服务业的发展具有较强的促进作用。发达国家服务业的开放有利于生产性服务业的跨国转移,为服务离岸外包创造了条件。     

Measuring local health care system development for public policy purposes; an exploratory analysis of physicians and hospitals.

This paper attempts to measure local health care development for public policy purposes using a systems approach. The tools of multivariate analysis including principal components analysis and Guttman Scale techniques are used to construct indices of the development of local systems of medical specialists and of hospital facilities. The data measuring these phenomena were gathered for 243 United States Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas and for a set of 300 Eastern U.S. Counties. These structural measures of system development were compared and contrasted to the usual aggregate ratio measures and found preferable. The public policy implication of this research are presented.     

发达国家如何推动物流产业发展

简要的介绍了欧美等国政府在推动物流产业发展的进程中，提供、制定必要的导向性政策和法规，为其发展创造良好的市场竞争环境。     

发达国家发展"绿色包装"的亮点

介绍了美国、德国、法国、英国、日本、瑞典等发达国家发展“绿色包装”的成功经验，以供我国发展绿色包装而借鉴。     

Bank failure prediction models: for the developing and developed countries

Banks make good use of capital and have characteristics different from profit businesses. Mismanagement causes collapse, which negatively affects investors, depositors, and employees, and disrupts economic order. Consequences may also affect other industries, triggering financial distress. Therefore, evaluating operational risks in banks and developing an early warning system are critical. This study evaluates data from 858 international banks (including banking holding companies) from 2005 to 2008 and applies a logistic model to analyze critical factors. Results show that equity-to-assets (ETA) and interest income – interest expense/income (NIN) had negative relationships with financial distress. Banks accept deposits and make loans. A higher proportion of NIN shows stable business volume, which could avert financial distress. Therefore, ETA and NIN were indicative of banking financial distress and best predicted trends in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and European Union (EU) banks.     

发达国家城市水污染治理的比较与启示

城市水污染对人类的生存安全构成重大威胁。我国城市水污染日益严峻。在广泛借鉴欧、美、日等发达国家已有治理经验的基础上,深入对比中外城市在管理体制、治理方式与监督机制等方面的差异,提出建立分工协作机制、明确市场作用、强化法律与公众的监管作用等途径,营造我国良好的城市水环境。     

加快欠发达区域城镇化建设步伐的策略探讨

文章在分析城镇化建设的实质与意义及发展趋势的基础上,剖析了欠发达区域加快城镇化建设面临的深层问题和机遇,提出了加快欠发达区域城镇化建设步伐的对策建议。     

A distributional synthetic control method for policy evaluation

We extend the synthetic control method to evaluate the distributional effects of policy intervention in the possible presence of poor matching. The counterfactuals (or intervention effects) are identified by matching a vector of pre-intervention quantile residuals of the treated unit and a convex combination of its potential-control counterparts. The residuals are orthogonal to a set of observable common factors that control for the potentially poor matching. We also apply our method to a set of case studies that explore the distributional effects of state-level minimum-wage hikes in the USA.     

欠发达地区城市化与产业发展间存在的问题

从理论上叙述了产业发展推动城市化发展,城市化反过来促进产业发展的良性互动规律,并对时间和空间数列做了实证。以横向空间数列分析了欠发达地区城市化与产业发展中存在的问题:一是城市化与产业发展水平不足,经济增长极能力不足;二是欠发达地区城市化效益偏低,经济增长极作用有限;三是欠发达地区的产业发展效益不高,阻碍了本土的经济扩散,并且同时存在着发达地区产业发展效益不高、难以发挥扩散效应的问题;四是距离和区位因素未成为发达地区向邻近欠发达地区经济扩散的优势。据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

Examining policy configurations as conditions for long-term unemployment and non-standard employment in OECD countries using fuzzy-set analysis

This paper investigates how particular configurations of institutional conditions cause high rate of long-term unemployment and non-standard employment rate for 18 OECD countries during the period of 2001–2008. The paper aims to investigate how employment protection legislation (EPL), unemployment benefit and statutory minimum wages are associated with long-term unemployment and non-standard employment. Using the fuzzy-set analysis, the paper examines how the combination of policies matters in causing long-term unemployment and/or non-standard employment. The result suggests that a low level of statutory minimum wage can lead to high levels of non-standard employment in combination with either strict EPL for permanent workers or weak EPLs for temporary workers. The long-term unemployment rate is suggested to be high when there is strict EPL for temporary workers in combination with high levels of statutory minimum wage. This paper highlights the importance of examining multiple policies as configuration.     

Green public procurement: An empirical analysis of the uptake of organic food policy

This paper analyses the uptake of a voluntary green public procurement policy in Sweden. The policy, decided in 2006, stated a national goal for the public sector to increase its share of organic food purchases to 25% by 2010. The overall purpose was to increase organic farming. Municipalities, which are highly independent authorities with self-determination, were encouraged to formulate own political goals. Based on survey data on organic food purchases for the period 2003–2016, supplemented with data on municipality characteristics, we analyse the determinants of the local uptake of the national policy, accounting for potential selection bias. The main finding is that local political goals are set and that these have in turn, a significant and positive effect on the share of organic food purchases. This suggests that there is an uptake of the voluntary policy. Also, we find that the increase in expenditures per capita devoted to organic food is quite substantial following the adoption of a local policy.