Why the Lens Condition Cannot Imply Factor Price Equalization

This paper explains why the lens condition cannot imply the factor price equalization condition when the rank of the factor use matrix is larger than two, but smaller than the number of goods. This arises from production substitution and the degeneration of the convex polyhedrons consisting of the possible output vectors of a country where the factor market is cleared. Two kinds of necessary and sufficient conditions for the factor price equalization condition are given. As a byproduct, a simple proof is given on equivalence between the lens condition and the factor price equalization condition in the case where the rank of the factor use matrix is two.     

Optimal Two Sector Growth Models with Three Factors

The paper is devoted to construction of optimal trajectories in the model, which balances growth trends of investments in capital and labor efficiency. The model is constructed within the framework of classical approaches of the growth theory. It is based on three production factors: capital, educated labor and useful work. GDP level is described by a production function of the Cobb–Douglas type. The utility function of the growth process is given by an integral consumption index discounted on the infinite horizon. The optimal control problem is posed to balance investments in capital and labor efficiency. The problem is solved on the basis of dynamic programming principles. A novelty of the solution consists in constructing nonlinear stabilizers constructed on the feedback principle, which leads the system from any current position to a steady state. Growth and decline trends of the simulated trajectories are studied for all components included in the model.     

两种视角的企业战略比较

竞争视角的企业战略是指通过建立有利的、持久的市场地位打败甚至消灭竞争对手,由此获得竞争优势。这种观点的核心思想是,企业要想获得竞争优势,就必须在某些活动或环节上胜过竞争对手,由此,企业就应该在材料采购、产品生产与销售、技术研究与开发、后勤服务等方面与竞争对手展开竞争。     

企业家人力资本与物质资本的合作条件

本文在分析企业家能力的几种观点的基础上,认为企业家人力资本具有战略决策与执行管理两个层次,界定了临界企业家人力资本的内涵。详细分析了意愿企业家的临界企业家人力资本与其物质资本的关系,认为意愿企业家的物质资本,对于股权/风险资本产权主体来说具有一定的显示人力资本的信号作用,对于债权资本产权主体来说则具有风险抵押的保险作用。同时,给出了意愿企业家获得物质资本差额的必要条件,即股权/风险资本风险参与和债权资本抵押参与的基本条件。     

基于双因素随机变动的石油投资期权博弈分析

将期权博弈分析引入到石油勘探开发项目（E＆P）投资决策中,从实际问题出发,建立了基于需求和经营成本均符合随机变动的双头垄断市场下的E＆P项目投资的期权博弈模型,并对模型进行了分析,为石油企业投资决策提供依据。     

The Microfoundations of Austrian Economics through a New Classical Theoretical Lens

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the microfoundations debate by discussing the distinctive methodological characteristics of the Austrian school, and how they relate to different conceptions of equilibrium and general equilibrium models. Further, we shall focus on one specific branch of the Austrian school (those who see markets as exhibiting equilibrating tendencies) and one specific branch of neoclassical economics (the New Classical School) to highlight some hitherto overlooked points of tangency. Indeed, we shall use the monetary theories of Hayek and Lucas to argue that the limitations of New Classical models may lead to Austrian solutions.     

老年人心理健康影响因素的调查研究--从人格特征与应对方式二因素分析

人格特征和应对方式对老年人心理健康具有重要影响。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式问卷和心理健康症状自评量表(SCL-90),对老年人人格特征、应对方式和心理健康作了问卷调查。人格特征对老年人心理健康具有直接的影响作用。外向型性格有利于老年人心理健康,神经质性格不利于老年人心理健康;人格特征还通过应对方式对老年人心理健康具有间接的影响作用。外向型性格老年人常用求助的应对方式,它更有利于心理健康,神经质性格老年人常用自责的应对方式,它更不利于心理健康。     

The Two Kornai Effects

Kornai's theories of a “soft budget constraint” study a firm that receives state assistance when expenses exceed revenues. Such assistance is characteristic of classical socialism. It is well known that Kornai contended that a soft budget constraint increases input demands. He also predicted a second effect that has received less attention: input demands exhibit lower price responsiveness. The Second Kornai Effect may be defined in terms of slopes of input demands as Kornai did, or in terms of elasticities. A simple soft budget constraint model is used to review the First Kornai Effect and to examine the two versions of the Second Kornai Effect.     

我国环境产业发展现状及战略选择

随着中国加入世界贸易组织以后投资环境的改善,世界工厂开始向中国转移,这在促进我国经济发展的同时也给生态环境带来了巨大的负面效应和不利影响,加快生态建设和环境保护步伐因此变得更加紧迫。本文以可持续发展理念为前提,分析了我国当前环境产业的现状及面临的挑战,提出了环境产业发展战略。     

河北省的人口状况--从人口现状看稳定低生育水平的重要性

一、稳定低生育水平的重要性中共中央、国务院《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》指出“人口问题是社会主义初级阶段长期面临的重大问题，是制约我国经济和社会发展的关键因素。控制人口数量，提高人口素质，是实现我国社会主义现代化建设宏伟目标和可持续发展的重大战略决策”。“在实现了人口再生产类型的转变之后，人口与计划生育工作的主要任务将转向稳定低生育水平，提高出生人口素质”。由此可以看出，稳定低生育水平不单纯是计划生育问题，而是关系到我国现代化建设宏伟目标能否实现的重大问题，关系到能否实现我国…     

遗产话语视角下世界自然遗产保护的 文化转向

随着国际政治环境的改变和多元保护思潮的涌现， 世界遗产权威话语体系下客观理性的自然保护观念逐渐被挑 战，自然遗产保护展现出文化转向。从遗产话语的视角切入， 分析文化转向的动因、机制、过程。通过对相关文本的解读和 分析，从自然遗产保护价值观转向、对象内涵转变、操作机制 修订3个方面总结自然遗产保护文化转向的全过程，批判性地 理解转向中自然遗产话语的建构手段，进而为中国自然遗产国 际话语权的提升提供基础。     

江苏服务业发展现状与对策思路

服务业的发展状况与发展水平,是衡量一个国家和地区经济发展水平的重要标志,也反映了一个国家和地区经济的发展阶段。目前由于种种原因,江苏服务业的自身发展仍然相对滞后,与江苏经济发展的总体水平和发展要求还很不相称。无论是从经济增长方式转变、增长动力再造,还是从产业结构升级、发展水平提升的角度看,大力加快推进江苏服务业的发展,已经成为构筑江苏经济竞争优势、致力实现率先发展的紧迫而重要的战略性目标和努力方向。     

中国可持续发展人口条件综论

分别从数量、素质与结构角度探讨与分析了中国要实现可持续发展的人口条件。中国要实现可持续发展,生育率必须以更替水平为上限,而以略低于更替水平(如TFR=1.8)为下限。从可持续发展必须遵循的代内与代际公平的视角对中国现行生育政策进行了审视,并就国家与地区可持续发展之间的联系与区别以及其它人口可持续发展相关问题进行了讨论。     

竞争条件下的动态顾客识别定价模型

本文利用马尔科夫决策理论，提出了一种动态顾客识别－－定价模型，指出对于不同的顾客采取不同的定价策略，能使企业在竞争激烈的环境中取得主动，从而获得更大的经济效益。     

我国石油储备的实施条件分析

石油储备的建立对保障石油安全的重要性毋庸置疑,而石油储备的实施需要内外条件兼备,既要国内政策体制保障,也要基于有效运行的石油市场基础上采取外向型石油战略。     

东亚经济合作：现状、制约因素及对策分析

本对东亚经济合作的现行框架进行了描述，并列出他们各自的侧重点及其地位。分析了东亚经济合作存在的几个主要制约因素，并提出了政策建议。     

服务企业--顾客沟通内容要素及渠道

对服务经营来说，加强企业与顾客的沟通管理尤其重要。本文就服务企业——顾客沟通提出几点内容要素及沟通渠道，为服务企业开展顾客沟通管理提供参考。     

Competitive Insurance Markets with Two Unobservables

I study a screening game in a competitive insurance market in which insurance customers differ with respect to both accident probability and degree of risk aversion. It is shown that indifference curves of customers may cross twice; thus the single crossing property does not hold. When differences in risk aversion are sufficiently large, firms cannot use policy deductibles to screen high-risk customers. Types may be pooled in equilibrium or are separated by raising premiums above actuarially fair levels. This leads to excessive entry of firms in equilibrium.