博彩型收益的时变性分析——来自中国股票市场的经验证据

基于多种常用的博彩型股票识别指标,本文利用马尔科夫区制转移模型和投资者情绪指数,在对中国股市进行"风险-收益"和情绪两种状态划分的基础上,对比考察中国股市博彩型收益的时变性及其原因。研究结果表明:无论是基于"风险-收益",还是投资者情绪对股市状态进行划分,博彩型收益都表现出明显的时变性,即博彩型收益在牛市和高情绪期之后更为明显,而在熊市和低情绪期之后相对较弱。虽然各指标识别结果有所不同,但均表现出不同"风险-收益"下的博彩型收益与其他类型股票收益的差异要大于不同情绪状态下的收益差。博彩型收益主要源于投资者的非理性所导致的博彩型股票误定价。     

重要客户损害了审计独立性吗?——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

审计独立性的经济理论认为审计师牺牲独立性的动机与客户的重要性有关。本文选取了2001—2002年间1297家收到标准无保留意见的上市公司为研究样本,使用审计师是否从事了审计意见购买行为作为审计独立性的衡量指标,考察了重要客户与审计独立性之间的关系。研究发现,重要客户的确对审计独立性造成了损害,而当审计师预期到其丧失独立性的行为在事后被发现的可能性较大时,审计独立性受到损害的可能性较小。     

Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from the Ghanaian Stock Market

This study examines the return predictability of two indices – the GSEALSH index and the GSEFSII index on the Ghana stock market. We compare results from analyzing the return series between January 4, 2011 and August 28, 2015 using the generalized spectral test, the automatic portmanteau Box-Pierce test and the wild-bootstrapped automatic variance ratio test. A rolling window approach is used to track whether returns are predictable or not through time. It was observed that the GSEALSH index was more highly predictable than the GSEFSII index in all the three tests. The results obtained are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.     

Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from India

In this article, the authors probe the role of irrational investor sentiment in the determination of Indian stock market volatility. The authors developed a new irrational aggregate sentiment index (IASI) to examine the issue. The conditional volatility is extracted from the nonlinear univariate models for the market indices and the IASI. The vector autoregression (VAR) is carried out to analyze the relationship between the volatility of irrational aggregate sentiment index and stock market volatility. The authors find a unidirectional causality from sentiment to stock market volatility, and their findings highlight the significance of sentiment in explaining the stock market volatility in India.     

博彩型股票的识别分析——来自中国股票市场的经验证据

由于博彩偏好难以直接刻画,于是学者们构建了多种博彩型股票识别指标,并对指标的选择存在争议。文章提出以博彩型股票的两个重要特征——收益率正偏性和负异常收益为判断标准,基于各指标的博彩型股票指数,利用组合价差法和Fama-MacBeth回归,较全面地比较分析了各种指标的博彩特征识别能力。结果发现,最具直观性的最大日收益率是最优的博彩型股票识别指标;由股价、特质偏度、特质波动构成的复合指标和由股价、最大日收益率、换手率构成的指标以及特质偏度也都具有一定的识别能力;计算复杂的预期特质偏度的识别能力较差。文章认为特质波动率在识别收益率正偏性方面的表现不佳以及股价和换手率的识别能力较差,是导致复合指标并不比单一指标更有效的主要原因。     

我国股票市场功能的实证分析

本文认为,辩证、客观地认识我国股票市场并确定股票市场发展方向,对我国经济发展具有非常重要的意义。文章利用1987～2003年的数据对我国股票市场与经济增长的关系及我国股市功能进行实证分析。研究发现,境内外股票筹资率的上升对资源配置效率的改善和经济增长具有积极的作用;而由于市盈率过高和传导机制失灵,流通市价与GDP比率的上升对经济增长有明显的负作用。因此,证券市场发展规划既要大力促进境内外股票筹资率的上升,又要适当控制泡沫与过度投机,从而推进证券市场健康稳定发展。     

证券交易税对市场波动性的影响:来自中国股市的证据

本文运用ARCH族模型检验了2001年股票交易印花税税率降低对沪、深股市波动性的影响,为有关证券交易税对市场波动性影响的讨论增添了一个来自新兴市场的证据。计量结果表明,该次税率变动对沪市波动性的影响在统计上是不显著的;深市的波动性在税率降低后虽然有统计上显著的增加,但是这个变化太小,没有实际意义。我们的研究结果表明,对于像中国股市这类市场结构和市场制度处于变化之中的新兴市场,如果试图通过调整证券交易税税率这类显性的交易成本来影响市场波动性,其效果是有限的。     

中国不完全股票市场:根源与特征分析

本文首先提出了一个经验判断 ,认为中国股市还是一个不完全的股票市场 ,非市场因素对市场成长和运行影响巨大。这种不完全股市的形成有着深刻的政治、经济与文化根源 ,同时 ,也表现出了突出的特征 :市场成长的强外生性、市场功能的体制性变异和市场运行的非市场预期主导。透过这一经验判断 ,我们可以看出 ,下一步发展股市最根本的就是如何打破这种不完全性 ,推动股市效率的提升。     

High‐Frequency Positive Feedback Trading and Market Quality: Evidence from China's Stock Market

This paper managed to measure the positive feedback trading intensity and its asymmetry with high‐frequency transaction data of China's individual stocks. The intraday positive feedback trading is found to be heterogeneous, and buying‐winners effect is significantly stronger than selling‐losers effect. In general, the high‐frequency asymmetric positive feedback trading's impact on market quality is mixed: The intraday positive feedback trades contribute to a liquid and active‐trading market but at the same time slow down the price discovery process and reduce the price efficiency.     

International Stock Market Linkages and Spillovers: Evidence from Three Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT

Using a multivariate exponential generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (M-EGARCH) model, this study examines price and volatility spillovers and response asymmetries between the equity markets of the United States and Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Our results vary depending on the openness of the country in terms of international trade. Evidence indicates that there are price and volatility spillovers from the United States to Mexico and Chile and but not to Brazil. In addition, our results indicate response asymmetries for Mexico and Chile, suggesting that the Mexican and Chilean markets are more sensitive to negative innovations originating from other markets than to positive innovations.

RESUMEN. Este estudio examina contagios de precio y volatilidad, y respuestas asimétricas entre los mercados de capital de Estados Unidos y Brasil, Chile y México, fundándose en un modelo exponencial generalizado multivariado, con un condicionante autoregresivo heteroscedástico (M-EGARCH). Los resultados obtenidos varían, dependiente del nivel de apertura de un país en lo que concierne al comercio internacional. Las pruebas indican que existen contagios de precio y volatilidades desde los Estados Unidos hacia México y Chile, pero no hacia Brasil. Además, los resultados también indican asimetrías de respuesta para México y Chile, sugiriendo que estos dos mercados son más sensibles a las innovaciones negativas que se originan en otros mercados, que a las innovaciones positivas.

RESUMO. Usando um modelo condicionalmente heterocedástico, autoregressivo, generalizado, exponencial e multivariado (M-EGARCH), este estudo examina contágios de preços e volatilidade, e assimetrias de resposta entre mercados de ações dos EUA e Brasil, Chile e México. Nossos resultados variam, dependendo da abertura do país em termos de comércio internacional. Os dados indicam que existem contágiosde preço e volatilidade dos EUA para o México e Chile, mas não para o Brasil. Além disso, nossos resultados indicam assimetrias de resposta para o México e Chile, sugerindo que estes mercados são mais sensíveis a inovações negativas originárias de outros mercados do que a inovações positivas.     

Profitability of politically corrupt firms: Evidence from Romania

Extending the twin-agency problem model, this paper shows that political corruption affects firms by empowering the controlling shareholders and thereby intensifying agency conflicts within selected firms instead of simple political extractions. The fact that controlling shareholders of politically corrupt firms divert more resources from their firms explains the inferior accounting performance despite the well-documented benefits of political connections. Moreover, a higher degree of diversion does not result in a value discount due to the increased value of control. These are demonstrated by evidence from a unique series of political events in Romania in 2015.     

Asymmetric Post-Announcement Drift to Good and Bad News: Evidence from Voluntary Trading Disclosures in the Chinese Stock Market

This article investigates the post-announcement drift (PAD) of stock returns in the Chinese stock market. We use a sample of voluntary trading disclosures to test the hypothesis that an asymmetric PAD exists in a market in which managers are more likely to suppress negative news. We show that a pattern of short-term momentum and long-term reversal in returns persists for up to 250 trading days following the announcement of trading statements in the Chinese stock market. This finding is stronger for positive announcements in terms of the magnitude and the variance of stock returns. Our findings are in line with both Shin’s theoretical predictions and the credibility hypothesis, in which disclosure and asset returns are jointly determined and the adoption of a “sanitisation strategy” in information disclosure generates more volatile returns for firms issuing good news. Further, we show that the latter effect is more pronounced for firms which are partially state-owned, suggesting that they potentially receive more government support, a finding which is in line with the hypothesis that the incentive to suppress negative information is related to a country’s legal/judicial system.     

Stock Price Response to Earnings Announcements: Evidence From the Nigerian Stock Market

The author examines the stock market reaction to annual earnings information releases using data for a sample of firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Using the event study method, the author found that the magnitude of the cumulative abnormal returns is dominated by significant reactions 20 days before the earnings release date, which suggests that a portion of the market reaction may be due to private acquisition and, possibly, abuse of information by insiders. The persistent downward drift of the cumulative abnormal returns, 20 days after the announcement, is inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis.     

解析我国股票市场代理假说效应

我国股市的特征和运行状况决定了研究我国股票市场应结合宏观经济状况作具体分析。我国股票市场中,由于经济增长与通货膨胀之间的正相关关系及经济增长与股票收益之间的弱负相关,使得股票收益与通货膨胀呈负相关关系。这样,我国股票市场可能存在代理假说效应,只是构成效应解释两部分与Fama的解释正好相反。     

机构投资者的交易行为研究:来自中国台湾股市的证据

文章以中国台湾股市为研究对象,主要研究机构投资者的交易行为。文章构建了机构投资者交易不平衡性指标——净交易,在此基础上研究机构投资者的交易行为。研究结果表明:台湾股票市场中以外资和投信基金为代表的金融机构投资者表现为正反馈的交易策略,并且交易的信息含量较高;一般法人的交易表现为负反馈的交易策略,并且交易的信息含量不足;而自营商由于交易动机复杂,交易的信息含量不明确。可见不同的机构投资者的交易行为并不相同。     

Further Mining the Predictability of Moving Averages: Evidence from the US Stock Market

Most studies on the predictability of moving average (MA) technical analysis use the discrete (buy/sell) trading recommendations. However, it is possibly incomplete or unreliable to explore the predictability of MA by only employing its generated trading signals. To further explore the forecastability of MA, we study its measurable impact on the stock market returns by using a conventional predictive regression framework. Our empirical study on the US stock market with respect to more detailed price information finds, (i) that the proposed predictor, MADP (MA based on daily prices) shows significant predictability in‐ and out‐of‐sample, and significantly outperforms the historical average (HA) benchmark as well as the MA based on monthly prices, (ii) that the predictability of MADP centers on the short‐term lags (within the most recent 10 days) and disappears when lags are beyond 20 days, and (iii) that the economic evaluation of the portfolios based on trading strategies confirms the superior performance of MADP with short‐term lags against the benchmark even though considering transaction costs.     

Profitability and Investment: Evidence from India's Organized Manufacturing Sector

Using a state‐industry panel data set of 55 industries for 19 major Indian states over the period 1983–84 to 2007–08, we analyze the contemporaneous and long run impacts of the rate of profit and its components—profit share, capacity utilization rate and capacity‐capital ratio—on investment using linear dynamic panel data models. Our results show that: (a) the rate of profit has both short and long run positive impacts on investment; (b) the profit share and capacity‐capital ratio have mainly long run positive impacts, but the capacity utilization rate has a more complex pattern of impact on investment.     

The Effects of Ownership Structure on Corporate Financing Decisions: Evidence from Stock Market Liberalization

We analyze the impact of firm‐specific stock market liberalization events on the capital structure and debt maturity decisions of firms from emerging market economies. We differentiate between firms based on their ownership structures at the time of liberalization and analyze their post‐liberalization behavior regarding corporate financing decisions. Our empirical results show that single–class‐share firms (typically with stronger corporate governance and better information environments) respond differently to their dual–class‐share counterparts. Liberalization results in lower debt reliance for the former group while the latter lengthen the maturity of their debt portfolios. Jel Classification: F30; G15; G32.     

Factor Exposures of Foreign Equity Capital in a Domestic Stock Market: Evidence from Korea

In this paper, we examine the factor exposures of foreign equity capital in a domestic stock market in order to understand its risk‐taking behavior and sources of returns in the market. Using data from Korea for the 1999–2013 period, we find that foreigners are strongly exposed to the idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) factor, which is long on low‐IVOL stocks and short on high‐IVOL stocks. That is, foreign equity capital is typically allocated to low‐IVOL stocks and profits from the return differential between low‐IVOL and high‐IVOL stocks. We also find that foreign equity capital moves in a way that it is loaded more on the IVOL factor when the IVOL factor premium is larger. We discuss the comparative advantage of foreign equity capital in bearing the IVOL factor risk and the role of information asymmetry between locals and foreigners in this risk sharing. We also provide additional empirical results that support our interpretation.     

我国股市的特点、存在的风险及其防范对策

我国证券市场与发达国家证券市场相此具有不同的特点，政策市和过度投机对我国股市、投资大众和我国宏观经济产生负面影响。针对我国股市潜在的风险，从宏观和微观方面提出了防范风险的对策。