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1.
Abstract

This study calculates the protection rates and comparative advantage indices of livestock industry in Brunei from an import substitution perspective. Four livestock sub-sectors were being evaluated: broiler, layer, goat and beef cattle. Two measures of government intervention indices were calculated, namely nominal protection rate (NPR) and effective protection rate (EPR). Domestic resource cost (DRC) and resource cost ratio (RCR) indices were computed to determine the comparative advantages of the livestock industry. In general, the results indicate that the livestock industry in Brunei was heavily protected. The study revealed the existence of comparative advantage only for very large farms producing poultry meat and eggs. Similarly in the ruminant sector, goat production appears to have comparative advantage over beef cattle. Small and medium poultry farms and large non-ruminant farms and cattle beef production possess comparative disadvantage despite being highly protected industries.  相似文献   

2.
    
Exchange rate policies can have important implications on incentives for export agriculture. However, their effects are often not well understood. We study the issue of foreign exchange controls and pricing in the value chain for Ethiopia's coffee—its most important export crop. Relying on unique pricing and cost data, we find that coffee exporters are willing to incur losses during exporting by offering high prices for coffee locally in order to access scarce foreign exchange. We further find that the consequent high wholesale prices for coffee are transmitted to producers, so that coffee farmers are unintended beneficiaries of this rent.  相似文献   

3.
对价值链、林业产业价值链的概念进行了界定,利用产业价值链的分析方法论述大兴安岭国有森工林区产业的发展,重点分析第三产业的现状及存在的问题:森林资源短缺、经营管理理念落后、绿色食品总体规模小,知名品牌少,等等。提出扩展大兴安岭国有森工林区价值链的对策与措施:加强森林资源培育,确保森林的可持续发展;培育龙头企业,实现强强联合;整合生态旅游与绿色食品业,实现两者共赢;加强绿色食品品牌建设,扩大市场份额;合理开发利用林下资源,规范发展多种经营等,这样才能延伸大兴安岭国有林区的产业价值链,加快林区经济的发展。  相似文献   

4.
5.
    
Facing a substantial loss of farmland in the reform era, the Chinese central government established a highly centralized land management system in 1998 to guarantee its capacity to meet the domestic food needs. In order to maintain high-speed economic growth, local governments in China made great efforts to circumvent the stringent constraint on land use by launching various innovative land management schemes, among which Zhejiang's rewarded land conversion quotas (RLCQ) trading scheme, a program similar to the transfer of development rights (TDR) in Western countries, has attracted a lot of policy and scholarly attention. In this research, we first provide an overview of China's farmland protection policy and the RLCQ trading scheme in Zhejiang Province. Then, using the system GMM estimator for economic growth models and a panel dataset of 69 local jurisdictions in Zhejiang Province covering the period of 1989–2008, we assess the impacts of RLCQ trading on local economic growth. The empirical results corroborate our hypotheses that participation in land quota trading in general led to faster local economic growth, and that the trading had a stronger and more lasting impact on the economic growth of the quota buyers than on that of the sellers. The analysis suggests that in order to balance the competing goals of economic development and farmland protection, market-based land management tools have a good potential for further development in China and other countries confronting similar challenges.  相似文献   

6.
比较视角下的甜菜种植效益   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物。应用多目标决策的密切值法原理,引入全局思想,按区域建立全局数据表,构建甜菜及其比对作物种植效益分析的数学模型。结果表明,在黑龙江、内蒙古甜菜种植效益排名第一位,在新疆排名第三位,具有比较优势。该结果对制定甜菜种植规划与制糖企业布局具有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
    
Employing a multilevel model, this paper demonstrates the importance of contextual effects, over and above the compositional effects, in shaping the geographical pattern of agricultural diversification towards high value crops. The results reveal that, besides household-level differences, the contextual effects of higher geographical levels, especially states and villages, explain significant variation in land-use under high value crops, but these do not apply to all types of crops and farm classes in a similar manner. Further, the findings also ascertain that ignoring one or more geographical or administrative levels may yield biased estimates, leading to erroneous conclusions and an incomplete understanding of the geography of agricultural diversification. From a policy perspective, these evidences provide an important feedback for the correct targeting of diversification strategies, their coordination and monitoring at different geographical or administrative levels for efficient, sustainable and inclusive growth of agriculture.  相似文献   

8.
林业产业管理的新动态:林业绿色供应链   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
将绿色供应链中的绿色制造拓展到林业资源培育等环节,研究林业产业多目标管理的新动态——林业绿色供应链问题。在对一般绿色供应链的基本思想和发展动态进行系统梳理的基础上,研究了林业绿色供应链的内涵、特性、理论基础和研究动态,并探讨了其应用领域的相关问题。通过这些研究,提出了林业绿色供应链管理的思想,指出其核心问题是林业资源链、价值链和生态链的协同共生,即绿色共生问题;勾勒出林业绿色供应链的理论基础——绿色共生理论的基本内涵;并以林-浆-纸产业链为例,对林业绿色供应链共生系统的结构和共生模式研究提出了建议。同时指出了林业产业可持续发展发展的新途径,为林业绿色供应链的研究提供了建设性思路。  相似文献   

9.
This article investigates 4 key areas of supply chain management to identify opportunities to create value for Australian farmed barramundi. These key areas are product attributes, material flow, information flow, and relationships. This exploratory study forms the first stage of a value chain mapping study. Based on data gathered from 13 in-depth interviews, 7 with farmers and 6 with wholesalers/retailers, a preliminary map of the value chain for Australian farmed barramundi was developed. From a producer perspective, 3 key issues emerged: lack of collaboration, inconsistency of product quality, and lack of knowledge of what consumers value. Although wholesalers/retailers identify product consistency as a key issue, they further identify product dumping and the growth of imports as areas of major concern. These findings laid the foundation for strategy development at both the individual and industry level. The insights from this case highlight the value of chain analyses as a diagnostic tool for strategy development.  相似文献   

10.
作为人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,农地提供粮食、蔬菜、木材等实物型产品,以及开敞空间、景观、文化服务等非实物型生态服务,为人类带来巨大的社会福利。从社会公众参与农地保护的认知及支付意愿(willingness to pay,WTP)出发,估算农地非市场价值,并将其纳入资源成本核算体系中,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用不足给农地流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够缓解我国农地流失形势。文章在调查分析湖北省武汉、宜昌、荆门、仙桃、汉川5市县1255户居民家庭对农地保护认知程度及支付意愿的基础上,运用条件价值评估法对湖北省农地非市场价值进行估算。  相似文献   

11.
中国自然资源优势观的重构   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
自然资源比较优势观是引发中国区域经济增长处于“西部经济增长动力不足和因西部经济发展过缓而使东部产业升级速度放缓”的“两难境地”的主要原因。因而要破除传统自然资源比较优势观,以新经济增长理论为基础构建自然资源竞争优势观。构建自然资源优势观的过程表现在三个方面:①自然资源价值观在人们思维中逐渐形成;②自然资源增值观的形成;③资源要素的经济系统观的形成。  相似文献   

12.
粮食产业的核心竞争力是延伸粮食产业链、提升价值链和打造供应链,三链协同发展对于粮食产业的发展有着重大的意义,而三链之中的核心是提升粮食价值链."微笑曲线"中提升价值链的关键之一就是技术,而绿色储粮是粮食技术方面的一个关键点.文章以"微笑曲线"和"绿色储粮"为理论基础,论述了绿色储粮技术对提升粮食产业价值链的重要性.  相似文献   

13.
    
While the rotation of maximum forest rent (no discounting of revenues and costs) is sometimes discussed conceptually and calculated practically, forest economists have almost invariably focused on optimal rotation with a positive discount rate. Some circumstances, especially related to increasing marginal utility with decreasing availability per head of products, would justify use of a negative discount rate. For a logically complete suite of conditions, a means of identifying optimal rotation with such a rate is needed. Applying the usual formulation for land expectation value then produces a meaningless result. Two approaches seem to give a solution. One uses the first-order conditions for an optimum. Another uses inversion of time perspective to produce sensible-seeming results. However, for cases where the world, or the value of forest production, ends suddenly at an unpredictable time, the optimal rotation is, surprisingly, that of maximum forest rent. Where the cause of negative discount rates is of limited duration before stability or growing affluence is re-established, this “provisional optimum” can be modified responsively.  相似文献   

14.
海南芒果产业链现状研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
芒果产品价值高,经济效益好,是典型的高效特色农业。芒果加工不仅可以做到全年供应国内市场和出口创汇,取得良好的直接经济效益,而且还有利于改善和满足城乡广大群众常年对各种水果的生活需求。对海南省芒果产业链运行的现状和存在的问题进行分析与研究,提出完善海南芒果产业链的发展对策。  相似文献   

15.
    
The article analyses the social processes introduced by globalization into agrarian production systems. In particular, it explores how capital installs a new agriculture that generates an urban fringe in rural localities. We claim that the expansion of agricultural frontiers is also associated with the rise of new actors, residential changes and transformations in labour markets. The objective is to study the transformation that takes place in the agrarian social structure of a marginal agricultural area. It shows how this transformation leads to new residential behaviour that redefines the local relational system and to a transition from a “peasant” way of life to an urban‐type through the logic of the expulsion of the peasant population and the logic of agribusiness.  相似文献   

16.
基于耕地多功能的江苏省耕地保护补偿标准研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]耕地保护补偿是耕地保护约束性政策的有力补充。文章基于耕地的多功能属性及不同功能在耕地保护中的作用,以江苏省为研究区域,探讨江苏耕地保护补偿标准。[方法]该文首先从生产、生态和社会3个层面构建耕地多功能评价指标体系,用熵权法评价得到耕地多功能指数,然后通过当量因子法和替代法计算得到耕地外部性价值,再结合耕地多功能评价和耕地外部性价值,将生态功能和社会功能指数的比重分别作为权重,对耕地生态价值和社会价值加权求和,并进一步修正得到江苏各市耕地保护补偿标准。[结果]以2018年为基期,计算得到基于耕地多功能评价的江苏省平均耕地保护补偿标准为0.859 7万元/(hm2·年),其中补偿标准最高的地区为连云港市,为1.144 6万元/(hm2·年),最低的为无锡市,为0.520 3万元/(hm2·年)。[结论]研究得出的耕地保护补偿标准兼顾耕地自身功能和价值,反映了耕地功能与补偿标准之间的联系,今后可从补偿资金供给、资金分配及利益调整机制等方面加以落实。  相似文献   

17.
  陈晓坤 《水利经济》2006,24(6):79-81
将价值链价值流分析方法引入产品成本控制中,阐述了该方法的原理和优势以及企业应采取的措施,并分析了信息系统在基于该方法的成本控制中的作用。  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of property tax and rural land market value on the ownership structure of private forestland in Texas. Using county-level panel data in an Instrumental Variable regression framework, we estimated the effect of property tax rate and rural land value on two measures of ownership fragmentation: the total number of private forest landowners and the average size of private forest holdings. The results indicate that after controlling for the total amount of private forest area in a county, both property tax rates and rural land values increased ownership fragmentation. However, the rate of ownership fragmentation was relatively inelastic in both property tax rate and rural land value. While further restructuring local property tax rates might minimize the negative effect on private ownership dynamics, policy instruments that decrease the disparity between productivity value and market value of rural forestland might be needed to check the ongoing ownership fragmentation in Texas and elsewhere in the United States.  相似文献   

19.
[目的]农产品国际竞争关键在于全球价值链竞争。通过量化全球价值链参与度,升级中国农产品全球价值链参与,为农民生存、农业发展争取更广空间。[方法]文章采用企业微观进出口数据,构造核心解释变量交叉项,利用面板工具变量模型,实证估计全球价值链参与度对农产品国际竞争力的影响与作用机制。[结果]全球价值链参与能够显著提升竞争力水平,且稳健性较好。从影响机制看,全球价值链参与度提升,有力刺激企业加大科研投入,以谋求更高的生产效率和产品技术增值,从而实现产品国际竞争力提升。从加工程度看,全球价值链参与对深加工农产品正向影响最显著。从贸易方式看,一般贸易下全球价值链参与对农产品竞争力提升最明显,加工贸易下抑制效应明显。从企业所有制看,国有企业全球价值链参与对农产品竞争力提升作用最强。[结论]中国农产品积极参与全球价值链分工,为制定竞争力提升导向的政策体系提供了理论与实证参考依据。  相似文献   

20.
    
Smallholders grow the majority of Malawi's main export crop – burley tobacco. We analyse this value chain segment for the 2003/4 and 2009/10 seasons. The comparison shows smallholder profits in 2003/4 were limited by two main factors: a cartel of leaf merchants at auction and inefficient marketing arrangements. In 2009/10, there was greater competition at auction, improvements in marketing, tighter state regulation (including minimum prices) and much more contract farming. The paper concludes by reflecting on aspects of the political economy of the tobacco industry at national and global levels.  相似文献   

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