金融发展地区差异对投资的影响——基于我国省域综列数据的实证研究

文章利用1995￣2004年全国28个地区的统计数据,构建了我国省域金融发展综列数据集,并运用固定效应模型对地区金融发展给地区投资带来的影响进行了实证分析。文章认为,我国地区层面的金融发展对地区投资仍然存在正向影响;地区金融发展促进投资增长呈现明显的地区差异;对外开放对各地区的投资增长有显著作用,东部略大,中部次之,西部略小;投资与经济增长之间没有明显的加速提升效应;我国金融改革的当务之急是完善金融结构的功能,改善金融体系功能低下的现状,提高投资效率。     

我国开放式基金启发式偏差行为及其对市场影响分析

启发式偏差是指投资者往往依据"经验法则"来进行投资决策,是行为金融学所揭示的一种重要的投资者非理性行为,该行为最终会导致金融资产的错误定价和金融资源的不合理配置。我国的开放式基金在投资心理上具有锚定启发式偏差,并且此种投资心理会对当期市场走势产生显著的正向影响,而对未来市场走势产生显著的负向影响。开放式基金的这种非理性投资心理所引致的投资行为产生的短期影响大于其在中长期产生的影响。     

主权财富基金的生存困境与发展动向

主权财富基金面临着追求国家战略意图与商业回报的困境、被动投资与积极股东主义的困境、平衡透明度与商业秘密的困境、促进金融市场稳定与危及金融市场稳定的困境以及全球化自由投资与日益抬头的金融保护主义的冲突。主权财富管理正逐渐从传统的以规避风险为目的的流动性管理模式,向更加多元化和具有更强风险承受能力的资产管理模式转变。主权财富基金发展趋势具有两个特点：一是资产规模持续增长、规模不断扩大;二是普遍采取专业化、市场化运作手段和多元化投资经营策略,谋求长远投资,获得较高收益。     

论我国企业税收筹划的现状与对策

税收筹划指的是企业在不违背相关法律法规的前提下,通过合理安排对纳税人的投资、筹资、日常生产营运活动以及其他理财活动,达到节税或避免税收损失的一系列行为.税收筹划对于我国企业来说有着重要的意义.企业通过科学合理的税收筹划可以降低企业纳税成本,提高企业财务管理水平,改善企业经营方式,增加企业收入和利润,同时还有助于提高企业的纳税意识和增加后续税源.     

企业R&D投入行为的Heckman两阶段分析——基于中国工业企业面板数据的实证研究

文章从企业规模、市场及竞争环境因素、企业财务资源、企业产权制度、行业特征等方面对企业R&D投入进行理论分析,采用中国工业企业数据库提供的制造业60万个观测样本数据,利用Heckman两阶段分析法,对企业R&D投入行为进行实证研究。研究结果表明：企业规模、企业财务资源实力、企业集聚度和产业市场集中度等因素与R&D投入选择和R&D投入程度均存在显著的正相关关系,企业杠杆与R&D投入选择和R&D投入程度存在显著负相关关系。在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。     

自贸区设立与经济高质量发展——基于FTA建设的准自然实验证据

以不同地区相继实施的自贸区战略为准自然实验,运用多期双重差分法考察了自贸区政策对经济高质量发展的影响。实证结果表明：自贸区建设能够显著提高地区经济高质量发展水平。基于金融资源配置效率和股东属性的分组检验显示：与国有企业相比,自贸区战略对非国有企业所在区域的经济高质量发展作用相对更大;与金融资源配置效率较低的地区相比,自贸区设立对金融资源配置效率较高地区的经济高质量发展影响相对更明显。进一步中介效应模型显示自贸区提升经济高质量发展水平主要通过提高地区的直接投资比重、企业的专利申请量和资本配置效率三个机制共同实现。基于金融资源配置效率视角对作用机制的检验结果表明,自贸区战略对金融资源配置效率较高地区的经济高质量发展的积极作用更显著。     

Transformation of China's sovereign wealth fund since the 2008‐2009 global crisis

China Investment Corporation (CIC) transformed its initial investment strategy of focusing mainly on the US financial sector during 2007‐2008 into a new strategy of diversified investments across geography and sectors since 2009. Massive financial losses and domestic political backlash during the global financial crisis of 2008 gave impetus to CIC's rethinking of strategy. In the midst of the crisis, CIC engineered a capacity‐building and reorganization exercise to reposition itself for a new strategy that has since allowed for more diversification of investments. A more receptive global investment climate for sovereign wealth funds has also aided CIC's efforts to present itself as a responsible global investor and facilitated its investments. Postcrisis, CIC's new strategy of diversification is characterized by continued investments in the financial sector, but with new investments increasingly directed to real sectors of energy, natural resources, and real estate in both developed and emerging economies. Notwithstanding a global recovery that is fraught with uncertainties, CIC's judicious timing in making diversified investments, and its attention to reducing risks and enhancing returns, have been rewarded by an impressive turnaround in performance since 2009. Going forward, the success and sustainability of the new strategy will be contingent on how well CIC can navigate domestic bureaucratic rivalry and the shifting climate of the international investment environment in the medium to long term. Ultimately, CIC's shareholder, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), holds the key to its future direction and goals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Do Corporations Invest Enough in Environmental Responsibility?

Proponents of corporate environmental responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too little in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by increasing their investment in environmental responsibility. Opponents of corporate social responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too much in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by reducing their investment in environmental responsibility. Yet, others claim that corporations serve their shareholders well by investing just enough in social responsibility, not too little and not too much. If so, corporations increase their investment in environmental responsibility when an increase improves financial performance and reduce their investment in environmental responsibility when a decrease improves financial performance. Our evidence is consistent with this last claim. We find that the behavior of corporations is consistent with the claim that they act in the interest of shareholders, increasing or decreasing their investment in environmental responsibility as necessary to improve their financial performance.     

Did Investors Herd during the Financial Crisis? Evidence from the US Financial Industry

We examine the herding behavior of investors in the US financial industry, especially commercial banks, S&Ls, investment and insurance firms during global financial crisis of 2008 towards own sub‐sector and market consensus using augmented cross sectional absolute deviation of returns (CSAD) model. After distinguishing between fundamental and non‐fundamental information, we find a greater influence of global financial crisis on spurious herding for commercial and investment banks, and such herding increases in the down market and with conditional volatility of returns, but adverse herding is prevalent among investors during normal period in response to fundamental information. We also find that herding intensity on fundamental information is relatively high with market consensus for all financial institutions except insurance firms in high volatility regime, and intentional herding is only significant and limited to S&Ls and investment banks in high volatility regime. Our findings suggest limited spillover effects of herding when investors face non‐fundamental information.     

基于竣工结算的财政投资评审方法探析

近年来,我国加大了对政府投资项目的资金评审工作,并取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,财政投资评审对提高财政资金的有效使用发挥了积极的作用。本文结合工作经验,浅析如何做好财政投资项目工程造价结算的审核。     

Investition in die Zukunft? Zur Entwicklung des deutschen Auslandsvermögens

Germany’s substantial current account surpluses are an ongoing subject of debate, both at the domestic and the European/ global level. Advocates of high surpluses emphasise the need to accumulate foreign wealth in order to finance future investment and consumption expenditures of an ageing population. This contribution gauges the profitability of Germany’s foreign wealth. It identifies large valuation losses to the tune of half a trillion euros in recent years as well as a persistently adverse trend in previous decades. This unfavourable development as well as historically low refinancing costs point to the comparatively greater benefits of a domestic investment offensive aiming to equip Germany for central long-term challenges.     

民营企业财务管理的现状及其改进措施

当前,我国民营企业财务管理模式跟不上时代的脚步,财务管理意识薄弱,缺少高素质的人才。其原因民营企业内部规章制度不完善,管理人员缺乏危机意识,财务人员管理技能较差。改进民营企业的财务管理方式,应实行企业财务制度转型,拟定健全的财务体制;多渠道打通融资项目,化解融资困境;掌控筹资运行,防范筹资危机;优化民营企业投资活动,防止企业财务危机。     

关于扩大投资拉动内需的四点看法

目前,我国经济在受到全球金融危机和世界经济增长明显放缓的影响下,作出了以扩大内需、调整结构、转变增长方式保发展的决策.这是非常正确的选择.但在靠扩大投资拉动内需的过程中,要认真按经济规律办事,防止重复投资造成新的损失.要以人为本,突出民生,尤其要以农业为基础,实现统筹兼顾,和谐发展.     

刍议上海金融广告的媒介策略

金融广告在未来广告产业发展中,将日益突显出其作为新的投放增长点的趋势。然而作为广告产业发展的新领域,为避免其在发展过程中少走弯路,尝试以上海金融广告市场为例,分析目前金融广告投放的主要问题,提出未来发展的策略建议。     

现代企业集团财务控制存在的问题及对策

本文认为,现代企业集团财务控制存在三大基本问题,即集权与分权不明确,财务控制定位不清晰;管理者存在道德风险,内部人控制严重;混淆经济规模与规模经济,对外投资过度。文章提出,完善现代企业集团财务控制,第一,要完善财会组织结构,规范财务控制;第二,实行财务总监委派制,加强资金控制;第三,完善公司治理结构,实行全面预算控制。     

中国上市公司的非效率投资研究:一个财务弹性的视角

从财务弹性的视角,研究中国上市公司的非效率投资问题。通过构建财务弹性指数来测算公司的财务弹性情况,并以Richardson的残差度量模型来测算公司的非效率投资情况。研究发现:高财务弹性公司更容易出现投资过度问题;公司在财务弹性处于极高或极低水平时更经常表现为投资不足;财务弹性对公司的非效率投资行为存在一定的制约作用,财务弹性较低的公司会更加审慎地进行投资。     

双向直接投资协同发展对中国资源错配的影响

利用2003-2018年中国省级面板数据，研究了双向直接投资协同发展对中国资源错配的影响。结果表明：双向直接投资协同发展会显著降低中国整体资本错配和劳动力错配，但该影响存在地区差异性。同时，双向直接投资协同发展对中国资源错配的影响存在阶段性特征：当人均收入水平低于19821元（2007年以前）时，双向直接投资协同发展未对中国资源错配产生显著影响；当人均收入水平大于19821元小于49542元（2008-2014年）时，双向直接投资协同发展可以缓解资本错配，但对劳动力错配的改善效果不明显；当人均收入水平大于49542元（2015年以后）时，双向直接投资协同发展有利于改善资源错配。进一步的作用机制分析表明，双向直接投资协同发展通过提高金融深化水平和劳动力成本，进而缓解资本错配和劳动力错配。     

逆周期资本账户管制对宏观经济稳定与社会福利改善的作用

资本管制能否有效抵御外部冲击实现宏观经济稳定存在争论,本文通过构造开放经济的DSGE模型研究投资限制和逆周期金融交易税等资本管制工具对于实现宏观经济稳定和改善社会福利的作用。通过比较不同政策安排下主要宏观经济变量的波动性和脉冲响应函数可以发现,采用逆周期金融交易税作为资本管制工具在抵御外部冲击、维持宏观经济稳定方面具有比较优势。设置投资限制的资本管制促进了货币政策的独立性,可以使货币政策专注管理国内的经济增长和通货膨胀问题。通过不同政策安排下的福利分析可知,增加投资国外资产的限制对社会福利的增进起到负面作用,增加逆周期金融交易税的资本管制却可以减轻由投资限制导致的资源配置扭曲,从而放松投资国外资产的限制从根本上提高社会福利。所以,在资本管制工具的选择上,采取逆周期金融交易税可能比采用投资限制更优。随着资本账户开放的基本条件不断成熟,用金融交易税取代投资限制更符合浮动汇率制和自由兑换的资本账户的需求。     

Endogenous financial intermediation and real effects of capital account liberalization

We consider lending and investment under asymmetric information in a small, developing economy. We allow different forms of financial contracts to arise endogenously. Financial intermediaries mitigate a moral hazard problem in investment choice through costly monitoring. We then examine the impact of opening the capital account on both welfare and the structure of lending contracts. Liberalizing the capital account may improve or worsen the efficiency of financial intermediaries, leading to an improvement or worsening of the aggregate composition of investment projects. We show that efficient financial intermediaries in the closed economy are neither necessary nor sufficient for a capital account liberalization to improve welfare.     

Causes of Financial FDI Inflows into Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA): Evidence from Ghana

The main aim of this article is to examine the factors that influence the inflow of financial foreign direct investment (FDI) into SSA and to understand foreign investors’ perceptions of the role of institutional factors in facilitating financial FDI inflows and the extent to which the postreform business environment has been successful in attracting financial FDI inflows into SSA. An in‐depth qualitative study was adopted for the research. Using two financial multinational corporations as case studies, the environmental factors that influenced their decision to choose Ghana as an investment destination are examined, as well as the institutional and regulatory factors that affect their current operations and future investment decisions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.