水稻黑条矮缩病综合控病技术

水稻黑条矮缩病于6月23日前后（移栽后1周）开始发病,极少数田块移栽时即见到零星病株,7月初进入发病高峰,稻株矮缩、瘦弱,新生叶出生缓慢,叶枕重叠错位,叶片僵硬,叶基部皱缩,背面叶脉有短线条状突起。灰飞虱是黑条矮缩病的主要传毒介体,降低灰飞虱虫量,保护秧苗不受灰飞虱危害,是防治黑条矮缩病的关键所在。     

水稻僵苗的主要类型与防治

水稻僵苗,又叫翻秋、坐蔸、迟发等,主要是指水稻移栽后返青和分蘖期间发生的一种障碍性生理病症。主要表现为水稻移栽后10-20天,秧苗发根受阻、蹲苗不长、分蘖少且迟、叶片僵缩、稻株簇立。水稻僵苗可导致水稻生育期推迟10—15天,产量降低10％－25％,严重的减产35％以上。这种病症在水稻栽培中大量发生,严重影响了水稻产量的提高。为了明确水稻僵苗成因,进行切实有效的防治,我们于2006年、2007年、2008年进行了大量的调查与田间试验,现总结如下。     

浅谈水稻种植技术

在市场经济条件下，水稻的市场交易为广大的农民带来了良好的经济收入。尤其是在湄潭县，由于具有先天性的历史和自然优势，使得水稻向产业化发展，现在形成了以茅贡米业为支撑和代表以其它辅助的综合的米业发展态势。然而，米业的发展不仅仅依靠种植面积的扩大，还需要技术的支持，尤其是在种植这个环节，更需要技术的支持。     

水稻栽培技术与提高水稻种植效益的措施研究

自古以来,水稻是十分常见的主要农作物之一,是我国大部分地区人民的主要粮食来源,保证水稻种植的效益就是保证国家的粮食安全.本文从水稻栽培技术入手,分别对科学育种提升水稻产量、合理应用科学技术、增强病虫害防治力度三个方面入手,仔细阐述了提升水稻种植效益的方法.     

水稻种植模式变迁对中国南方地区水稻产量的影响

水稻种植模式变化会直接影响中国南方双季稻区的水稻种植面积，并对产量产生影响。本文对中国南方地区水稻种植模式的变化情况进行了回顾，对不同时期水稻种植模式变化对产量的影响进行了估计，并分析了种植模式变化的原因。结论表明，1997年后水稻种植模式变化是导致水稻产量变化的主要原因，单产变化对水稻总产量的影响是次要的。     

稻水象甲对水稻生产的威胁及检疫对策

稻水象甲是一种国际检疫性害虫，以成虫取食叶片．幼虫藏在土中取食丰挺部，造成水稻分蘖减少、漂秧．从而使水稻大幅度减产。     

水稻僵苗的主要类型与防治

水稻僵苗,又叫翻秋、坐蔸、迟发等,主要是指水稻移栽后返青和分蘖期间发生的一种障碍性生理病症。主要表现为水稻移栽后10-20天,秧苗发根受阻、蹲苗不长、分蘖少且迟、叶片僵缩、稻株簇立。水稻僵苗可导致水稻生育期推迟10-15天,产量降低10%-25%,严重的减产35%以上。这种病症在水稻栽培中大量发生,严重影响了水稻产量的提高。为了明确水稻僵苗成因,     

当涂县水稻土大型土壤动物和水稻害虫的初步研究

１９９６年３￣１２月,对当涂县水稻土大型土壤动物与水稻害虫进行了调查。共获土壤动物２１类,６２２个,分隶于３门,６纲,１４目,通过５个样地对比分析得出：大型土壤动物与水稻害虫关系密切。水稻危害严重,土壤动物组成丰富,害虫数量多。土壤动物群落的空间分布与害虫数量受多种环境因子综合作用的结果。探索土壤动物与害虫的关系。对防治病虫害。提高作物产量有重要意义。     

黑龙江垦区水稻成本核算的研究

本文对国内粮食成本相关研究进行梳理,在此基础上进行以下几个方面的分析:首先,对现行粮食成本核算及指标体系进行评价,指出各指标设置的合理性及可能存在的不足,其不足表现为指标设置不全、未考虑资金使用的机会成本、劳动力投入核算的不足等问题;其次,在此分析的基础上,提出了黑龙江垦区水稻成本核算的改进建议:建立完整核算体系、核算自有资金占用的机会成本、全面核算人工成本。     

退耕还林对四川粮食供求的影响分析

一、退耕还林对四川粮食供给的影响(一)退耕还林对四川粮食生产量(供给)的直接影响我们对1999年以来,四川实施退耕还林对粮食生产量(供给)的直接影响测算如下:由上表可以看出,退耕还林对四川粮食供给(生产)有一定的影响,且随退耕还林面积的增加而增大。如果单从新增退耕还林对当年粮食产量的影响考察,其影响十分有限,占当年粮食产量比重最大的2003年也仅为1.99%。但退耕后的耕地不能再种植粮食作物,我们还必须从累计退耕面积来对粮食生产的影响进行分析。四川退耕还林(累计)对粮食产量的影响,绝对数量从1999年的31.69万吨增加至2003年的201.…     

A study on the influence of land institution on state-building in South Korea: Human resources

Since Korea was divided, conflict has continued between South and North Korea. However, preparation for the reunification of Korea needs to be considered consistently. Prior to this reunification, it is advisable to analyse the process of state-building in South Korea immediately following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule because this could be the foundation of the reunification of Korea. Meanwhile, land institution seems to have an influence on the process of state-building. Land institution appears to be connected to state-building economically, socially and politically, and, as this is the case, the German government also executed land reform for state-building following its unification in 1990. Regarding land institution, human resources (HR) seems to play a pivotal role. HR is in charge of the operation of land management organisations and acts to improve the related laws and systems, which seems to have a considerable impact on land institution. In light of the above, poor HR could have a negative influence on not only land institution, but also societal, economic and political aspects of state-building. Hence, this study reviews the influence of HR on land management in the process of state-building in South Korea immediately following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule; furthermore, related problems and their fundamental reasons are analysed.     

The influence of valuation practices upon the price of vacant inner city land

Summary

Many earlier studies have provided useful statistical information on the extent of vacant land in British towns and cities, but few have attempted to relate land vacancy to the wider development process. This paper presents recent evidence from Inner Manchester which suggests that valuation practices operate to prevent inner city land prices from falling even in areas of apparent over‐supply. This creates a blockage in the development process. It is shown that asking prices for vacant sites currently on the market are often substantially in excess of the level of prices achieved in recent transactions. As the great waves of compulsory acquisition in Manchester are now over, the statutory rules of valuation do not account for this difference, although historic levels of value have been supported by recent local authority acquisitions by agreement. It is evident that the comparative method of valuation is unable to cope with few transactions or a declining economy, both of which characterize the inner city land market. As a result, inner city land prices appear to be revised downwards only slowly and reluctantly in response to lack of demand or excess supply.     

征地制度改革如何保障农民权益

关于土地征收、征用的公益性的界定十届全国人大二次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》规定,土地征用、征收是指国家为了公共利益的需要,依法租用(或合股)农民集体土地使用权或将农民集体土地所有权转变为国有的行为。可见,无论是土地“征用”或是“征收”,其前提必须是为了公共利益的需要。问题是如何判定征地的“公益性”。众所周知,具有公益性质的土地,实际上是“公共产品”。公共产品是指能使整个社会每一成员平等获益的物品,最典型的公共产品是国防和灯塔。公共产品具有非竞争性、非排他性和不可分割性。公共产品的非竞争性是指…     

如皋市土地集约利用初步研究

根据江苏省如皋市各乡镇土地资源的自然和社会经济属性,针对其各乡镇的土地资源特点,选取地均固定资产投入、地均农业产值、地均工业产值、人均建设用地面积、人均耕地面积、耕地面积与建设用地比值等6项指标,应用分层聚类分析法,得到如皋市5个土地集约利用分区及其集约利用水平。     

基于GIS技术的湖南省土地分区

借助1:100万湖南省土壤图、地形图和地质图,以土壤类型、地形高度和地质类别为依据,运用MAPGIS空间叠置法,对湖南省土地进行了分区研究。结果表明:全省共划分为四个区,包括基本农业发展区、农业和工业发展区、保护和适度开发区、生态保护和旅游发展区。结合区域发展战略、政策,对各区进行了战略布局,提出了区域土地利用的合理方向,研究为全省的土地可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

How land transfer marketization influence on green total factor productivity from the approach of industrial structure? Evidence from China

Market-oriented allocation of land resources is one of the main economic reforms in China. However, the influence of land transfer marketization (LTM) on green total factor productivity (green TFP) and its mechanisms remain unknown. Based on panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2004 to 2016, this study attempts to establish mechanism among LTM, industrial structure and green TFP, which is measured by the Slack Based Measure DEA (SBM-DEA) model containing undesirable output, and empirically estimates the impact of LTM, the rationalization and optimization of industrial structure and their interactions on green TFP further. The results show that: 1) LTM has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of green TFP in China, and the effect is also significant in the eastern, central and western regions as well, indicating that the application of land transfer policy to regulate regional economic development is widespread in China. 2) The rationalization of industrial structure has significantly promoted the development of green TFP in China, as well as at the regional levels, and the effect decreases from the western region to the central and eastern regions. The optimization of industrial structure also has a promoting effect on green TFP in China and all the regions, but the regional differences of the effect are contrary to that of the rationalization of industrial structure, with a decreasing trend from the eastern region to the central and western regions. 3) The interaction between LTM and the rationalization of industrial structure has significantly inhibited the improvement of green TFP in China, and the regional variations of the restraining effect are higher in the western region, followed by the central and eastern regions. The interaction between LTM and the optimization of industrial structure also has a negative effect on green TFP in China, and the regional variations of the effect showing the decreasing trend from the eastern region to the western and central regions. Therefore, China should continue to adhere to the market-oriented urban land transfer system reform, actively play the role of the government in the industrial upgrading and industrial transfer, and formulate a differentiated land transfer system and industrial development policies based on the economic development and industrial characteristics of various regions, so as to achieve the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.     

Conversion of agricultural and forest land to other purposes in the context of land protection: Evidence from Polish experience

The protection of agricultural land and forests is a relatively new concept in Poland, and it began with forest protection in the 1920s. The first regulations on the protection of agricultural land were introduced only in the 1960s. Agricultural land and forests received comprehensive protection pursuant to the provisions of the Act of 26 October 1977 on the protection of agricultural land, forests and land recultivation. This legal act set the foundations for the protection of farmland and forests in successive decades.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of farmland and forest protection on spatial planning and to highlight the loss of agricultural and forest land resulting from conversion to other purposes. Legal regulations pertaining to spatial planning and the protection of agricultural and land forests were analysed. The scale of the problem was identified, and future land-use types were forecast based on the data developed by Statistics Poland (GUS). The existing spatial plans (municipal master plan - MMP) were analysed to determine the conversion loss index (CLI) associated with the conversion of agricultural land and forests to other uses. Legal regulations pertaining to the protection of agricultural land and forests were also analysed, and the extent of the relevant conversion measures was determined. The study demonstrated that urban development and the inevitable urbanization of rural areas contribute to the loss of agricultural and forest land that are converted to other uses.     

土地违法行为的规制建议

●树立正确的政绩观、发展观，首先必须解决为谁创政绩、为谁发展的问题。解决了为谁创政绩的问题，一个政府就应当知道百姓喜欢、欣赏什么样的政绩。 ●如果大多数违法行为甚至连最轻的党纪、政纪或经济处罚都逃脱了，那么法律不就成了个吓唬鸟儿的稻草人了吗？谁还会把这样的法律当回事？ ●土地征用后出让给开发商，开发商再转手倒卖或建商品房出售，获得成百上千万元的暴利没人眼红，政府也习以为常。但给农民的补偿，常被看作是对农民的施舍。多给失地农民一些补偿，有人就担心穷惯了的农民一下子拿那么多钱，如果不会理财，挥霍了怎么办？ ●有效的权力制约机制必须是具有足以与权力扩张相抗衡的力量。我们并非没有对权力制约的机制，但各种制约力量还不够强大。 ●只要不从制度上改变“寅吃卯粮”的一次性收取出让金的方式，政府快速敛财的念头就不会被打消。 ●不能迷信“垂直管理”错误的政绩观未必只存在于市、县以下政府官员的头脑中，县、市级政府违法审批，省级政府未必就不会。     

浅议农用地分等成果在第二次土地调查中的应用

将农用地分等成果应用到第二次土地调查中,可对土地条件调查进行探索;土地数量与土地质量信息的结合,为土地利用总体规划修编、基本农田划定、占补平衡管理、土地开发整理规划、土地整理项目后评价等提供技术支持,进而实现土地数量与质量管理并重.