High Road to a Global Marketplace: The International Transmission of Stock Market Fluctuations

The paper reports the results of a cross-spectral analysis of the price behavior of stock market indices in 23 countries. The primary goal of our study is to test for interdependence between the time series of stock market indices to support or reject the hypothesis that world markets are becoming more integrated. We reassess and extend findings of the late 1970s measuring the coherence and lead/lag relationships between stock markets worldwide, employing a time series of daily country index returns. In contrast to earlier results, we find a high and statistically significant level of interdependence between stock markets, and we also find that U.S. index prices lead almost every country index in the sample.     

对我国货币市场利率体系传导机制的实证研究

本文对我国货币市场利率体系传导机制在Shibor推出前后进行研究分析,通过实证检验发现:Shi-bor推出前我国货币市场利率体系传导机制相对比较紊乱,缺乏一个权威的基准利率体系;Shibor推出后,有力地促使货币市场利率体系之间有序传导。文章结论指出,Shibor的成功推出,逐步体现了政策制定者的意图,但实证检验结果表明其距离基准利率仍有一定的距离。     

货币市场风景这边独好

随着1996年4月1日中国银行间同业拆借市场的正式运行,中国货币市场从此走上了健康发展的快车道。与资本市场的大喜大悲相比,中国货币市场虽然还存在这样或那样的问题,但其发展却是中国金融市场一道亮丽的风景。赁币市场不仅是央行实施货币政策的重要载体,是商业银行进行流动性管理的重要场所,还是资本市场发展的有力援军。然而,由于货币市场更多的批发业务性质,难免使不少专家、学者和业内人士对货币市场的运行状况知之不多,甚至产生某种误解。为此,本期特刊发一组有关中国货币市场发展的文章,以期引起各方的关注和思考。     

Money Market Integration

We use transaction-level data and detailed modeling of the high-frequency behavior of federal funds–Eurodollar spreads to provide evidence of strong integration of the U.S. markets for federal funds and Eurodollars, the two core components of the dollar money market. Our evidence of negligible federal funds–Eurodollar premia contrasts with previous findings of large and predictable premia, which have been interpreted as evidence of segmentation between the markets for federal funds and Eurodollars. Our results, however, are consistent with possible persistent segmentation within the global Eurodollar market. We document several patterns in the behavior of federal funds–Eurodollar spreads, including liquidity effects from trading volume to yield spreads' volatility.     

中国货币供应波动特征的统计分析

货币供应波动问题越来越为人们所关注。考察中国货币供应波动的历史转迹不难发现，中国货币供应在1952-2001年间已经经历了六次显著的周期性波动。从波动的性质来看，六个波动周期都属于增长性波动周期，周期长度和周期波幅则各异。中国货币供应波动的阶段特征表明货币供应波动与宏观经济波动，货币政策调整之间有着密切的联系。此外，中国货币供应波动持征对人们的经济活动和货币政策的执行等有着重要的启示作用。     

Capital Controls and the International Transmission of U.S. Money Shocks

We assess whether capital controls effectively insulate countries from U.S. monetary shocks, examining a large range of country experiences in a unified estimation framework. We estimate the effect of identified U.S. monetary shocks on the exchange rate and foreign country interest rates, and test whether countries with less open capital accounts exhibit systematically smaller responses. We find essentially no evidence of this. Other country factors such as the exchange rate regime or degree of dollarization explain more of the cross-country differences in responses. The significant differences in responses we do find are more pronounced at short horizons.     

The International Transmission of Bank Liquidity Shocks: Evidence from an Emerging Market

I exploit the 1998 Russian default as a negative liquidity shock to international banks and analyze its transmission to Peru. I find that after the shock international banks reduce bank‐to‐bank lending to Peruvian banks and Peruvian banks reduce lending to Peruvian firms. The effect is strongest for domestically owned banks that borrow internationally, intermediate for foreign‐owned banks, and weakest for locally funded banks. I control for credit demand by examining firms that borrow from several banks. These results suggest that international banks transmit liquidity shocks across countries and that negative liquidity shocks reduce bank lending in affected countries.     

论货币市场的功能

由于对货币市场功能认识上的不足，我国自改革开放以来一直轻视货币市场，客观上采取了一条“先资本市场，后货币市场”的发展思路。笔者认为，货币市场具有短期资金融通功能、管理功能、政策传导功能、促进资本市场尤其是证券市场发展的功能等四大功能，在金融市场以及市场经济中发挥着基础性作用。     

Shibor波动的非对称性与"钱荒"

2013年,金融系统流动性紧张问题非常突出,6月20日银行间同业拆借利率1天利率上升到13%以上,7天利率上升到12%以上,Shibor一周利率创出11%以上新高,货币市场资金紧张局面愈演愈烈,出现所谓的"钱荒".但是从货币供给角度来看,我国金融体系并不缺乏流动性,中国经济出现的奇怪现象引起金融管理者、学者的高度关注和研究热情.部分学者从商业银行的盲目逐利性导致期限错配、资本的整体外流等方面解释"钱荒"的原因.基本所有研究都将银行间同业拆借利率的飙升作为"钱荒"的代名词,而没有研究银行间同业拆借市场本身的波动特点与"钱荒"之间的关系.     

Portfolio Inertia and Stock Market Fluctuations

This paper uses population‐wide data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Survey of Consumer Finances to resolve the conflict between overtrading and inactivity shown in administrative data on brokerage and retirement accounts, respectively. Considerable inertia is found and linked to characteristics (e.g., limited education or resources), but less to index movements: the downswing has encouraged staying out, rather than getting out, of the market. The small minority with brokerage accounts exhibits important differences in trading patterns relative to the population and invests small fractions of wealth in brokerage accounts. Results strengthen the case for default options in retirement accounts and built‐in trading provisions in mutual funds.     

我国国际游资与股市波动关系的实证分析

采用间接法估算出2005年9月至2014年4月我国国际游资数额,并在此基础上实证分析股权分置改革实施后,我国国际游资流动与股市波动之间的关系。分析结果表明:我国股市波动与我国国际游资规模之间存在正向的关系,即我国股市繁荣,会引起大量国际游资流入;股市低迷,则会导致大量国际游资流出。     

我国货币市场发展的国际借鉴与思路研究

当前我国货币市场开始全面提速，充分借鉴国外尤其是发达国家在货币市场发展方面的经验和教训，无疑会对我国货币市场的发展有十分重要的指导意义。在此背景下，借鉴美国等发达国家在货币市场发展方面的经验，来做大我国的货币市场势在必行。根据新的形势，货币市场建设需要新的思路和对策。     

Money: A Market Microstructure Approach

The new monetary economics predicts that deregulation and financial innovation will lead to a moneyless world. This paper uses a market microstructure approach to show that a common medium of exchange that serves as unit of account will remain a necessary instrument to reduce transaction costs. This finding is supported by empirical evidence from foreign exchange markets.     

货币升值与股市价格变动——1985年后的日本与当今中国之比较

以汇率体现的一国货币价值的变动间接地影响着股票市场价格的变化，1985年“广场协议”后的日本和2005年“7．21汇改”后的中国，都经历了本币持续升值和股票市场价格较大程度的上涨过程。通过分析货币升值与股市价格变动之间的联系，发现两国具有相同的货币升值背景，而且货币的持续升值促进了股市的繁荣和股市价格水平的提高，但两国货币升值对股市价格变动的影响程度和作用方式不完全相同。借鉴日本的经验，中国应加快金融改革与开放的步伐，放宽国内资金海外投资的各种渠道，减缓国内资本市场流动性过剩的压力。     

Money Market Funds and Shareholder Dilution

This paper analyzes the effects of a share valuation technique, amortized cost valuation, on institutional money market funds (MMFs) and their investors. The possibility of arbitrage between securities priced at market value and amortized MMFs is investigated. It is found that significant dilution has taken place as a result of this valuation technique. Losses per share have been about 10 basis points per year. Evidence that arbitrageurs will take advantage of a misvaluation of the MMF and cause losses to other shareholders may suggest that some investors should reconsider the desirability of amortized MMFs for their investments.     

影子银行影响货币市场流动性的机制研究

本文分析了影子银行影响货币市场流动性的理论途径。近年来,影子银行在满足多样化社会融资需求方面发挥了独特作用。但过度地和不规范地使用这一体系却可能助长金融资源的配给现象,同时加剧商业银行资金的期限错配。这两个维度上的资金错配都可能放大商业银行体系的脆弱性。当市场信心受到冲击时,商业银行将采取流动性囤积行为,进而导致流动性资产供求失衡,市场出现较大的利率波动。本文使用VAR模型对2006年1月到2013年6月的数据进行的实证检验支持了以上分析。     

Information Transmission in the World Money Markets

Using 1,966 daily observations since the introduction of the euro, we apply cointegration and error correction tests to examine information transmission in the major world money markets as represented by the domestic CD markets and the Eurocurrency market for the US dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and British pound sterling. Our inter‐market tests show a high degree of integration and interdependency among inter‐market interest rates. Our intra‐market results show that $ LIBOR and LIBOR rates drive LIBOR and £ LIBOR. Application of Johansen's (1988) multivariate test procedure and Gonzalo and Granger's (1995) long‐memory components technique confirms and reinforces our intra‐market findings that the system of four LIBOR rates is fully integrated (i.e., three cointegrating vectors), with the single common trend driven by $ LIBOR and LIBOR. These results are consistent with the strength of the dollar and yen relative to the pound sterling and the euro during the developing world financial crisis in late 2008.     

Explorations Into Factors Explaining Money Market Returns

In this article, we measure and interpret the common “factors” that describe money market returns. Results are presented for both three-and four-factor models. We find that the three-factor model explains, on average, 86 percent of the total variation in most money market returns while the four-factor model explains, on average, 90 percent of this variation. Using mimicking portfolios, we provide an interpretation of the systematic risks represented by these factors.     

我国发展货币市场基金的必要性和市场前景分析

货币市场基金是在外国有较快发展，我国尚未出现的一种基金品种。本分析国外发货币市场基金产生的历史背景和经营特征，并通过实证分析，提出目前在我国金融市场中推出货币市场基金不仅十分必要，并义可行。认为货币市场基金有很大的发展空间。