Improving customer website involvement through experiential marketing

This study outlines some of the important positive outcomes of enhancing e-retailing services through adding experiential benefits. It investigates how provision of experiential values by an online store improves involvement of customers in the e-retailer's website. This paper also looks at the impacts of experiential values on the recently developed construct of perceived e-retailer's assistive intent and investigates whether this variable contributes to the enhancement of website involvement. Collecting data from 431 North American students through a survey on actual shopping experiences supports the overall model and the majority of the hypotheses. Findings confirm that esthetics, service excellence, and customer return on investment are effective experiential values in terms of improving e-retailer's assistive image and enhancing customers' involvement in the website.     

The ethics of empowerment

Driven by competitive pressure, organizations are empowering employees to use their judgment, creativity, and ideas in pursuit of enhanced organizational performance and both employee and shareholder satisfaction. This empowerment offers both benefits and potential harm. This article explores the benefits and harm associated with role, reward, process and governance empowerment and makes recommendations for minimizing the harm while maximizing the benefits.Jeffrey Gandz is a Professor and the Director of the MBA Program, at the Western Business School, teaching courses in Organizational Behavior, Human Resource Management, and Industrial Relations in both degree and executive programs. His current research is focused on the achievement of organizational effectiveness through the matching of organizational strategies, cultures, and individual values. Frederick Bird is a Professor of Comparative Ethics at Concordia University in Montréal, where he directs the Ph.D. in Religion and teaches in the Religion and Management Departments and in the Executive MBA. He is the co-authors with Jeffrey Gandz of Good Management: Business Ethics in Action (Prentice-Hall) and the author of Good Conversations: A Practical Role for Ethics in Business (Boston College) and numerous articles. He is currently directing a research project with Manny Velasquez and Jeffrey Gandz studying how corporation manage moral issues.     

Assessing community-wide outcomes of prevention marketing campaigns through telephone surveys

This random sample survey assesses the outcomes of the community-wide HIV prevention marketing campaigns for adolescents through telephone surveys, as well as the decisions that were made to address these concerns. The study employed repeated cross-sectional analysis to collect data from 1402 adolescents over a 23-month period. Likewise, a dual sampling strategy combined with Random Digit Dialing with Listed Household samples were used. The study was conducted in a manner that protects the anonymity, privacy, and confidentiality; and at the same time, gathers an adequate response rate. Results of the study confirm that the success of the evaluation program depended on the adequacy of the response rate, which includes the use of advanced letters and toll-free phone line, as well as sensitivity to the needs and concerns of the target population. The success that was achieved is still inadequate since the results confirm the challenge of developing feasible, affordable, tailored techniques for measuring risk behavior change in members of these groups.     

加速商品流通促进消费扩大内需

运用Feldstein和Ascauser的模型,对城市、农村以及全体居民的人均消费、人均可支配收入和人均财政支出进行分析,可以看出,人均可支配收入、人均财政支出以及人均消费逐年增加,具有相同的趋势。并且人均可支配收入、人均财政支出的逐年增加,对于人均消费的提高分别具有积极地促进作用。而推动商品流通的良好发展,可以提高城市居民人均可支配收入以及增加政府财政支出,促进城市居民人均消费增加,即有效扩大内需。政府机构要加强市场流通体系以及商品流通基础设施建设;开拓消费领域,完善消费政策;推动农村商品流通,刺激农村居民消费。     

Globalization and the empowerment of talent

Many experts have identified globalization as the new way in which firms organize their activities and the emergence of talent as the new stakeholder in the firm. This paper examines the role of trade integration in the changing nature of the corporation. International trade leads to a ‘war for talent’ which makes it more likely that an organizational equilibrium emerges in the integrated world economy in which control is delegated to lower levels of the firm's hierarchy empowering human capital. Furthermore, trade integration is shown to lead to waves of decentralization and to convergence in corporate cultures across countries.     

加强金融政策扶持促进中小企业融资

我国政府在金融危机之后果断出台了促进中小企业发展的相关政策,在财税、信贷等方面给予了大力支持。但中小企业融资形势依然严峻,必须在此基础上加大政府的金融支持力度,不断探索、创新管理模式,建立政策性担保机构以及政策性再担保机构,建立风险补偿机制和政策性保险机制,调整贷款抵质押方式,提高中小企业直接融资比重等。     

Improving Marketing Accountability through Better Management of the Market Research Process

Market research should have a great deal of potential for assisting managers who want to set goals and evaluate performance of marketing and customer-related activities. However, because of the low status, and apparent complexity surrounding both the research processes and the external MR industry as a whole, this potential is often overlooked or disregarded in practice. We develop a process model to explain the issues introduced during the lengthy journey from research survey data to management decision taking, and show how, in the broader context of management decision taking, improving the management of the market research process can result in better marketing accountability. The paper concludes with two interesting scenarios for the future direction of the MR industry, and some practical recommendations for client firms.     

Improving human capital through knowledge management practices in knowledge-intensive business services

This article studies how knowledge management (KM) practices improve human capital. We conceptualize KM practices through six dimensions and test the relationship between each dimension and human capital. The empirical study which was carried out in Spanish firms belonging to the biotechnology and telecommunications industries shows that introducing KM practices has a positive impact on the improvement of human capital. In fact, firms that introduce practices related to continuous learning and the development of an innovative culture that encourages R&D projects improve the skills or abilities of their human capital.     

Organizational empowerment and service strategy in manufacturing

Service Business - Organizational adaptation is important and necessary for manufacturing firms with an extended service business, because providing service requires a different business logic than...     

Women empowerment and insecurity: firm-level evidence

Business Economics - Women’s engagement in the formal economy is generally considered an important means to economic empowerment. In many developing countries, however, increasing female...     

Transparency and empowerment in an investment environment

In a laboratory-controlled environment we provide experimental evidence on the effects of transparency (complete over incomplete information) and empowerment on trust and trustworthiness. We implement a simple version of the standard two-person investment game in a repeated game context with multiple treatments under two information environments. We find that when principals are empowered by being able to penalize agents who may not act in a way the principal believes is in the principal's best interest, the level of trust and investment increases over that which is realized in the absence of empowerment regardless of the degree of transparency. In transparent environments the effect of empowerment is about the same regardless of whether empowerment is introduced or removed. However, in opaque environments, the loss of empowerment has a substantially greater negative effect on trust than the positive effect associated with the introduction of empowerment.     

Effects of transactional leadership,psychological empowerment and empowerment climate on creative performance of subordinates: A cross-level study

This research surveyed 101 teams, involving 497 team members and 101 team leaders, in a large multinational company in China. A hierarchical linear model is used to examine the hypothesized mediated moderation model. It is found that: (1) individual psychological empowerment is positively related to creative performance; (2) the relationship between transactional leadership and subordinates’ creative performance is moderated by team empowerment climate; (3) individual transactional leadership behavior is positively related to subordinates’ creative performance in teams with higher empowerment climate, but negatively related to subordinates’ creative performance in lower empowerment climate; and (4) the relationship between transactional leadership, team empowerment climate and creative performance is partially mediated by subordinates’ psychological empowerment perception. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.     

Relocating empowerment as a management concept for Asia

Management theories, especially those in the area of human resource management, are predominantly Western-centric in origin and in the empirical testing that underpins them. The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions of one such theory, employee empowerment, in an Asian context. Information gathered from an open ended questionnaire and focus groups provide an in-depth examination of hotel managers' perceptions and practice of empowerment in the workplace. This study provides tentative indicators of significant culturally-driven differences in the understanding and application of employee empowerment (in terms of both research and practice) between Western and Asian contexts. The results of this study indicate that empowerment in Asian cultures relates much more to the individual and his/her merits, in contrast to organizationally-driven empowerment in Western countries. The findings also indicate that empowerment by hotel managers is related to the level of personal trust the manager has in an employee.     

Consumer empowerment: public policy and insurance regulation

This paper explores consumer advocacy as it applies to insurance regulation based on the literature and on the author's experience as a consumer representative and member of the Board of Trustees for the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The NAIC, founded in 1871, is a non‐profit voluntary organization of the chief insurance regulatory officials of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. One of its key objectives is to facilitate the fair and equitable treatment of consumers. Each year 13–16 consumer representatives are selected to speak for consumers at national meetings in addition to serving as year‐round resources to consumers, attorneys representing consumers, regulators, and other groups. Readers of the paper are encouraged to participate more fully in the public policy process. Although the focus of this paper is on insurance and regulation in the USA, the guiding principles apply to other nations, organizations, and consumer causes.     

Alienation and empowerment: Some ethical imperatives in business

The issue of worker alienation in the context of business ethics is critically examined. From a normative perspective, it is assumed that the minimal ethical requirement in business should include accountability for adverse consequences of management practice for workers in organizations. Using this standard, managerial actions that are responsible for worker alienation are considered unethical. The nature of work alienation and the organizational conditions responsible for it are outlined. Several dealienation measures in the form of empowerment strategies for management are presented as ethical imperatives.Rabindra N. Kanungo, Chaired Professor of Management, McGill University. Concentrating on the basic and applied areas of psychology and management, his publications include eight books and more than 100 articles in professional journals.The preparation of the paper is supported by the Power Corp. International Management Centre. The author is thankful to Manuel Mendonca for his suggestions and critical comments.     

Subalterns,empowerment and the failed imagination of markets

In our earlier paper, we drew upon Franz Kafka’s literary writings to attend to the repressive sides of the State and markets and their impact on subaltern positions. Moreover, we pointed to some of the key limitations in the theories of the base of the pyramid and subsistence marketplace. In this paper, responding to the commentaries, we clarify some doubts, provide correctives to misinterpretations and further develop the broad theoretical argument we made in our earlier paper. In response to Viswanathan’s commentary, we specifically clarify the role of neoliberal ideology as it impels discourse of subsistence markets. Moreover, as a corrective to Karnani’s reading, we explain the limitations of the State, markets and private enterprises in alleviating poverty in India. Through these clarifications, we ask scholars to attend to systemic features of the current political economy that create poverty and call for an imagination beyond the current capitalist zeitgeist to empower the subaltern.     

Labels and hangtags: tool for consumer empowerment and education

Advertisers use social marketing to inform and convince consumers of the available products. The most casual apparel like jeans also comes in several brands ranging from designer names with status appeal to economical choices. Labels and hangtags serve as the first connection between the consumers and the apparel product. They address both intrinsic and extrinsic traits. Consumers use labels for social identification, information acquisition and care instructions. The threefold purpose of the reported study was (1) to determine the compliance of the information on the labels of men's jeans with the federal requirements of permanent care labelling; (2) to examine the content and significance of information on the hangtags; and (3) to determine if the weight/unit of the men's jeans varied across various brands used for the study. A content analysis of the information on the labels and hangtags of 26 men's jeans was conducted. The information was tabulated and examined for compliance with federal regulations as well as additional information provided to convince the consumer of the products’ authenticity and performance for the intended use. The findings revealed that labels and hangtags had useful information for persuading the consumer of the longevity of the company and authenticity of the product. The analysed jeans varied for price, style, and weight to meet the satisfaction of a broad spectrum of consumers who could be price conscious, status‐driven, and/or just information‐seekers. The results support the role of social marketing in reaching a variety of consumers by offering choices. This work can be further extended to determine the impact of labels and hangtags on decision‐making across various consumer markets for jeans as well as other apparel categories.