金融业：不良债权处理加速金融形势明显好转

2002年10月，日本金融厅颁布了金融再生计划。该计划提出在2005年3月完成不良债权处理的目标，即用29个月的时间，把主要银行的不良债权比率从2002年10月的8．4％降低一半。2004年，随着经济形势的好转和金融环境的改善，长期困扰日本经济发展的不良债权问题明显缓解，金融机构处理不良债权的能力不断提高，金融形势明显好转。     

日本不良债权问题及政府的政策措施

长期困扰日本经济的不良债权具有新的不断发生、余额持续增加、处理费用成本抑制银行收益、主要集中于房地产等特定产业的特征。巨额不良债权是日本经济的沉重包袱，产生了各种不利的影响。日本政府为解决不良债权问题，制定了相关法规，采取了确保金融体系信誉、加强金融监督检查等具体的政策措施。     

对解决银行不良债权的思考

我国一些银行目前存在着大量不良债权，不仅严重制约银行的发展，甚至成为影响某些分支行生存的首要因素。无论从保护存款人利益和银行实现可持续发展的角度，还是从防范金融风险以至于强有力地维护金融主权的角度，都亟需解决长时期以来未解决好的银行不良债权问题。一、...     

银行不良资产产生的原因及化解对策

银行不良资产产生的原因及化解对策●陈劲银行不良资产一般是指逾期贷款、呆滞贷款和呆帐贷款。这是《贷款通则》对不良资产新的划分。对银行来讲它表现为不良债权，对企业而言为不良债务。近几年来，银行不良资产越来越大，我们应当分析其产生的原因，杜绝及减少新的发生...     

银行直接向非金融机构转让不良债权的现实障碍和理据反思

银行不良债权转让引发的诉讼纠纷一直受到社会广泛关注,因相关法律规定与金融政策规范性文件的冲突导致法律适用争议不断,如何在司法适用中既尊重现代民商法合同自由理念又贯彻国家金融政策,增强国有金融债权的司法保护适成为争论重要焦点,本文从分析银行不良债权的特殊性出发,剖析银行不良债权转让的现实障碍缘由,结合金融法规、政策以及2009年最高人民法院海口会议纪要确定的精神,对银行向非金融机构的法人、其它组织、自然人直接转让不良债权的可让与性进行研究。     

日本的银企关系密切之利弊分析

在我国，银行与企业之间的大量不良债权、债务、既给企业带来了沉重的包袱，也为银行增添了巨大的压力，许多人认为，我国企业这种高负债经营是造成企业亏损和缺乏活力的重要原因，也是国有企业银行向商业银行转变、实现自主经营自负盈亏的重大障碍，因此是亟待解决的，围绕如何解决银行企业间债务问题也引出了许多观点和争论，这里，我们不妨研究一下日本企业和银行的关系，也许对我们重新认识关于银企之间的这两个问题会有所启示，即：银企之间的密切关系和企业的高负债经营就真的是造成我们企业亏损的“元凶”吗？解决企业占有的银行不良资产的办法之一-债权转股权，就真的一无用处吗？     

处理不良债务是东南亚国家经济重建的关键

今年以来，东南亚经济出现到达谷底走向恢复的迹象。要使经济恢复顺利进行，并扎扎实实地推进经济重建，银行系统必须提供必要的资金。但是东南亚部分国家如马来西亚、泰国和印尼等在金融危机发生后，不仅银行贷款余额增长下降，而且银行的不良债权也越来越多。这些国家的政府一直在对本国的不良债权问题通过政府行为进行处理。其方法主要是由政府机构买下不良债权，为增加银行的自有资本而注入资金，推进金融机构的整顿与合并，调整企业债务。但是，处理不良债权的进展并不一致，反映出各国政治及经济形势的差别。马来西亚马来西亚与其他东…     

债转股能解决不良贷款吗？

在我国，近期设立了金融资产管理公司后，有关部门提出了国有企业试行债权转股权，以便解决长期形成的不良贷款问题，这个政策～出台，就受到广泛的关注，很多人对此寄予了很高的期望，认为它将会盘活银行的不良债权，推动国有企业进一步深化改革和脱困，是银企双活的积极探索。并且，中国信达金融资产管理公司1999年9月已同北京建材集团有限责任公司、上海焦化有限公司的两大股东上海华谊集团和上海城市建设投资开发总公司签订了债权转股权的协议，这表明债转段已进入了实际操作阶段。债权转股权，就是将原来国有企业从国有商业银行所借的…     

中日处理不良债权对策比较

中日不良债权的现状和成因分析1．中国不良债权问题的现状和成因对中国而言,商业银行的不良债权绝大部分属于不良贷款。从大致走势看,我国商业银行不良债权的形成有两个高峰期:第一个高峰是1991年—1993年,四家国有商业银行的不良贷款比率从1990年的10%左右上升到1992年的     

警惕不良资产处置成国资流失“暗渠”

资产管理公司在打包出售不良债权后，债权买受方在追诉债权时，再次造成了国有资产的大量流失，而且更具隐蔽性和“合法性”。随着金融资产管理公司加快处理国有商业银行剥离的不良债权，新一轮国有资产流失或将就此展开。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.