Mutual Trust Between Leader and Subordinate and Employee Outcomes

Stable and enduring cooperative relationships among people are primarily based on mutual trust. However, little evidence exists about the effects of mutual trust between supervisor and subordinate on work outcomes. To understand better the dynamics of trust in supervisor–subordinate relationships, we examined how mutual trust between supervisor and subordinate is associated with work outcomes. Based on a sample of 247 subordinate–supervisor pairs, multilevel analyses revealed a positive effect of perceived mutual trust on task performance and interpersonal facilitation after controlling for trust in leader and felt trust. In addition, task performance and interpersonal facilitation increased as trust in leader and felt trust or trust in subordinate both increased.     

内隐建言理论:员工沉默的新解释

近年来探讨员工沉默背后原因的研究日渐丰富。Detert和Edmondson(2011)突破以往的社会交换视角和理性人假设,立足社会认知的视角,认为长期的生活经历和社会化过程在个体心中形成并发展了关于建言的认知图式,由这些认知图式构成一个互相关联的系统——个体的内隐建言理论,长期、稳定地存在于个体心中并毫无意识地指引着个体关于建言的思考和行为,这为探讨员工沉默提供了一个新的思路。文章对内隐建言理论的源起——内隐理论、内隐建言理论的内涵与特性、个体内隐建言理论的形成与发展、内隐建言理论研究的理论基础、内隐认知与员工沉默关系五个方面的内容进行了评介。最后对现有研究进行了总结和展望,以期为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。     

辱虐管理与员工沉默：基于社会认同和代际视角的研究

文章基于社会认同理论和代际视角,构建一个有调节的中介模型探究辱虐管理影响员工沉默的中介作用机制及其边界条件。通过对江苏省510名员工的调查发现,辱虐管理对三维沉默均有显著的正向影响;领导认同在辱虐管理与默许沉默、防御沉默、漠视沉默间起部分中介作用;代际差异调节领导认同在辱虐管理与默许沉默、漠视沉默间的中介效应,领导认同在辱虐管理与防御沉默间的中介作用不受代际影响;领导认同在辱虐管理影响新生代员工三维沉默过程中的中介作用不显著。     

Trust as a Mediator of Channel Power

Abstract

Thriving longterm channel relationships require trust. Previous empirical work and metaanalysis have emphasized the central role of trust but its potential as a mediator of power has not been tested empirically. A model is proposed that hypothesizes a central, mediating effect for trust between power constructs (power asymmetry, coercive and noncoercive application of power) and key behavioral and attitudinal relationship outcomes (conflict, cooperation and satisfaction). The model is tested on a large sample (N = 887) in a single channel where there is a variable, but generally asymmetric, power relationship between principal and agent, as exists in many franchise and agency channels. Trust was not affected directly by the level of power asymmetry, but rather the way power was used, either coercively or noncoercively raised or lowered trust. Trust was found to mediate the impact of the way power is used on the agent's perception of cooperation, satisfaction, and conflict, emphasizing the pivotal role of trust in understanding the behavioral aspects of channel behavior.     

Procedural Justice and Employee Engagement: Roles of Organizational Identification and Moral Identity Centrality

Workplace procedural justice is an important motivator for employee work attitude and performance. This research examines how procedural justice affects employee engagement. We developed three propositions. First, based on the group engagement model, we hypothesized that procedural justice enhances employee engagement through employee organizational identification. Second, employees with stronger moral identity centrality are more likely to be engaged in their jobs. Third, procedural justice compensates for the effect of moral identity centrality on employee engagement. Specifically, when procedural justice is higher, employee moral identity centrality plays a less significant role in employee engagement; whilst when procedural justice is lower, the effect of moral identity centrality on employee engagement is stronger. Research findings based on an employee survey in a leading financial service organization provide support for the above propositions.     

Ethical Culture and Employee Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit

We build on limited research concerning the mediation processes associated with the relationship between ethical culture and employee outcomes. A multidimensional measure of ethical culture was examined for its relationship to overall Person-Organization (P–O) fit and employee response, using a sample of 436 employees from social economy and commercial banks in Spain. In line with previous research involving unidimensional measures, ethical culture was found to relate positively to employee job satisfaction, affective commitment, and intention to stay. New to the literature, ethical culture was also found to be associated positively with employee willingness to recommend the organization to others. These effects were observed even when perceptions of P–O fit were controlled. Importantly, ethical culture was also positively related to overall P–O fit, which in turn, partially mediated the relationship between ethical culture and employee outcomes. Our findings add to studies that focus on the importance of the degree of ethical congruence between the individual employee and the organization. They suggest that ethical culture, with its expected impact on virtuousness and emotional well-being, will positively influence outcomes independently of the degree to which there is a match between employee and organizational values.     

Cooperation as a Mediator between ICT and Export Success

The use of new information and communication technologies has been reshaping the export paradigm for more than a decade and exponentially increasing the possibilities of the exporting companies in international markets. The Internet improves establishing contact with partners in other countries for trade, optimizes daily communication with them, and makes companies more efficient in finding information on the markets they are reaching. According to these implications, to what extent do new technologies have a positive impact on the success of companies abroad? Does the use of these technologies facilitate cooperation between exporters and trading partners in the export destination country? The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Internet technology upon export success when companies use this technology to find relevant information on foreign markets, improve communication in the business process, and enhance contacts with customers and distributors in distant countries. This study reveals that cooperative relationships between export companies and their foreign customers/distributors have a mediating effect between ICT and export success. Moreover, a surprisingly low significance of using ICT to support sales activities and develop lasting business relationships on export success has been found.     

Employee References: Between the Legal Devil and the Ethical Deep Blue Sea

An employer asked to provide a reference for a former or departing employee is confronted with a number of complex legal and ethical concerns. The issue of references is always controversial, involving a balance of employers' fears of legal liability, interests in providing relevant information to prospective employers, and concerns for fairness to former employees. Recently this topic has been the focus of new attention as the result of a court decision holding a former employer legally liable for wrongs committed by a former employee in a new job. In that case, the former employer had provided a positive reference while neglecting to note certain negative aspects of the former employee'sperformance. This paper addresses legal and ethical aspects of the reference dilemma and incorporates responses of human resource professionals to the question of ethical reference policies and practices.     

Justice Climate and Workgroup Outcomes: The Role of Coworker Fair Behavior and Workgroup Structure

Journal of Business Ethics - Research on justice climate demonstrates a consistent effect on workgroup outcomes such as job satisfaction, commitment, and performance. However, little research...     

Bridging Ethics and Self Leadership: Overcoming Ethical Discrepancies Between Employee and Organizational Standards

In spite of extensive study and efforts to improve business ethics and increase corporate social responsibility, a quick review of almost any business publication will show that breaches of ethics are a common occurrence in the business community. In this paper we explore reasons for potential discrepancies or gaps between organizational and individual ethical standards, the consequences of such discrepancies, and possible methods of reducing the detrimental effects of these differences. The concept of self-leadership, as constructed through social learning theory is examined, and shown to be a potentially valuable tool for employees' use in making reasoned decisions in varying organizational ethical climates. Specifically, the authors will show how the practice of self-leadership can be employed as an important means to improve moral action within the firm.     

程序公平感在离职意图模型中的主效应与调节效应研究

本研究以一家通信设备公司员工为样本,采用阶层式回归方法分析Price离职模型中主要环境变量、个人特征变量及结构化变量对离职意图的影响,并检验了程序公平的主效应及调节效应。主要结论包括:外在工作机会、工作负荷及工作单调性对离职意图有显著的正向影响;上级支持及程序公平对离职意图有显著的负向影响;程序公平对通用性培训和上级支持与离职意图关系均存在显著的调节作用。     

领导-部属交换的调节和中介作用分析——以变革型领导为例

变革型领导理论和领导-部属交换理论作为领导者导向和关系导向的经典代表理论,其关系探究有助于进一步明晰领导-部属交换对变革型领导有效性的影响机制。本研究采用问卷调查法,在454份有效样本数据的基础上采用SPSS16.0软件分析领导-部属交换关系在变革型领导和下属工作满意度之间起到中介作用还是对其关系起到调节作用。层次多元回归分析表明:领导-部属交换在变革型领导的德行垂范和领导魅力维度与部属工作满意度之间起到完全中介作用;在愿景激励和个性化关怀维度与部属工作满意度之间起到部分中介作用;对愿景激励和部属满意度之间的关系起到调节作用。部属的年龄和职位对调节作用会产生特定影响。     

A Cross-National Study of Personal Initiative as a Mediator between Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions

Although considerable research has highlighted that high levels of self-efficacy are associated with high levels of entrepreneurial intentions, little attention has been paid to the mediating effects of different variables on the relations between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Integrating theoretical work on self-efficacy with personal initiative literature, I developed a model of entrepreneurial intentions that included both the independent effects of self-efficacy and control variables and the mediating effect of personal initiative on entrepreneurial intentions. I tested this model with a sample of 429 students from four universities in emerging and developed countries. Results indicate that personal initiative fully mediates the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. I uncover that the level of self-efficacy is significantly higher among the students in an emerging economy. However, no significant difference was observed in the reported levels of personal initiative in two contexts.     

组织政治知觉对员工反生产行为的影响:心理契约破裂的中介检验

组织政治知觉作为个体对组织政治所造成的消极工作环境的主观评价,能够对员工的工作态度和行为产生显著影响.从社会交换的视角,构建了组织政治知觉通过心理契约破裂对反生产行为产生影响的理论模型,并通过435个有效样本对所提假设进行了实证检验.结果表明,组织政治知觉与组织指向和人际指向反生产行为显著正相关,与心理契约破裂显著正相关,心理契约破裂与组织指向和人际指向反生产行为均显著正相关,且对组织指向反生产行为的影响高于人际指向反生产行为,心理契约破裂在组织政治知觉与组织指向反生产行为之间具有部分中介作用.最后,对研究的结论进行了总结,并指出了研究意义、不足和未来研究方向.     

Abusive Supervision,Psychological Distress,and Silence: The Effects of Gender Dissimilarity Between Supervisors and Subordinates

Previous research has shed light on the detrimental effects of abusive supervision. To extend this area of research, we draw upon conservation of resources theory to propose (a) a causal relationship between abusive supervision and psychological distress, (b) a mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between abusive supervision and employee silence, and (c) a moderating effect of the supervisor–subordinate relational context (i.e., gender dissimilarity) on the mediating effect of abusive supervision on silence. Through an experimental study (Study 1), we found the causal path linking abusive supervision and psychological distress. Results of both the experimental study and a field study (Study 2) provided evidence that psychological distress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and silence. Lastly, we found support that this mediation effect was contingent upon the relational context in Study 2 but not in Study 1. We discuss implications for theory and practice.     

The Role of Integrity as a Mediator in Strategic Leadership: A Recipe for Reputational Capital

In the context of a crisis of confidence in executive leadership in corporate America, this paper examines the role of integrity as a mediator within strategic leadership and its impact on credibility in reputational capital. A tension can occur within strategic leadership between the elements of strategic planning and leadership vision. This tension can destroy the credibility of reputational capital unless strategic leadership is managed effectively. Integrity can be used as the glue providing for credible leadership vision amid a strategic perspective oriented to competitive pressures, thereby enabling strategic leadership to contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage. A strategic leadership audit is presented as a tool by which strategic leadership and reputational capital can be managed.