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Little is known about the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on typically imitative self-employment. IPR laws have contrasting dual innovation creation and access effects on self-employment activity. The first effect is positive where strong IPR laws promote innovation and so create new opportunities for self-employment. The second effect is negative where strong IPR laws restrict access to innovation and technology used as inputs to self-employed businesses. Using a 33-country dataset over the period 1995?C2000, we estimate the impact of IPR laws on self-employment, helping to fill the vacuum of empirical evidence that has plagued policy decision making in this area. We find that patent activity has a negative effect on self-employment. However, overall, we find that more extensive and strong IPR laws have a net positive effect on self-employment activity. 相似文献
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作为世贸组织三大支柱之一的与贸易有关的知识产权,正越来越多地成为国际贸易摩擦的焦点。为履行加入世贸的义务,中国正在逐步加大知识产权保护的力度,但同时,中国也面临着前所未有、来势汹涌的知识产权维权浪潮。毋庸质疑,知识产权是一把双刃剑。中国的企业只有经历它所带来的磨砺和阵痛,才能明白自我约束和自我保护的益处,也只有这样,中国的企业才能适应和学会在国际市场上用规则对话。 相似文献
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《Business Horizons》2016,59(6):623-633
The recent FBI v. Apple case has the potential to turn a 227-year-old statute law into a tool for government agencies to gain access to personal and corporate information. Recent events such as ‘Petraeus-gate,’ hacked nude celebrity photos in the cloud, and the use of a search and seizure warrant in the United States seeking customer email contents on an extraterritorial server raise important issues for the supposedly safe storage of data on the World Wide Web. Not only may there be nowhere to hide in cyberspace but nothing in cyberspace may be private. This article explores the legal and technical issues raised by these matters, with emphasis on the court decision In the Matter of a Warrant to Search a Certain E-Mail Account Controlled and Maintained by Microsoft Corporation and the subsequent upholding of that decision. 相似文献
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金融危机对实体经济的影响使国有中小企业产权制度改革变得更为重要.本文以金融危机为背景,从国有中小企业产权制度的现状入手,分析国有中小企业产权制度存在的会计漏洞,进而从会计防范的角度探讨国有中小企业产权制度设计的思路 相似文献
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Thomas S. O'Connor 《Journal of Business Research》2011,64(9):1011-1016
In most industrialized nations, the concept and body of intellectual property laws is well into its third century of development and testing. The Russian Federation, however, has created and implemented an entirely new body of intellectual property law since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992. As American and other western firms work with the Russian Federation as a supplier and customer, they must recognize that the new nation has abandoned a legal philosophy denying the existence of intellectual property in favor of intellectual property laws recognizing and favoring private development and ownership of such property. This paper examines the Russian intellectual property laws and points out adaptations that western nations should make when dealing with similar entities in the Russian Federation. The study assumes familiarity with Russian history, language, and geography. A caution to domestic firms is that they should retain experienced legal counsel to deal with negotiations and contracts with Russian business interests. 相似文献
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Phillip McCalman 《Journal of International Economics》2005,67(2):353-372
Does a stronger intellectual property rights regime lead to the faster diffusion of new products and technology? While there is a presumption that this is the case, our analysis of data on the international release patterns of Hollywood movies suggests a more complex story: although moderate standards of IPR encourage the spread of movies, either very weak or very strong property rights tend to slow the speed with which American movies are released abroad. This empirical finding is robust to a wide variety of specifications. Overall, it appears that while some recognition of IPR may encourage diffusion, very strong IPR may actually retard the speed of diffusion. 相似文献
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Robert S. Tancer 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》1995,37(2):147-166
The protection of intellectual property is of growing concern as an issue in international trade. Both the NAFTA and the TRIPS provide chapters on intellectual property, a subject matter included in multilateral trade agreements for the first time. These provisions were designed to reassure owners of such property that their rights would be protected in participating countries. Few industries are as dependent on adequate protection than the patent protected segment of the pharmaceutical industry. It is only through enforceable patent policies that drug companies can generate sufficient revenues to undertake the costly research and development that make the introduction of new products possible. This article examines recent trends in intellectual property protection on a global basis, focusing on differences and similarities within the pharmaceutical industry both in the European Community and the United States. Despite the focus on the pharmaceutical industry, the trends discussed should be of interest to any firm that utilizes intellectual property in its overseas activities. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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近年来,我国外贸遭遇了一次又一次的知识产权争端。进出口企业在遇到知识产权纠纷时,普遍认为这是国际市场通过滥用知识产权保护规则,构筑起新的贸易壁垒。然而从自身角度看, 相似文献
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中国机电产品进出口商会"亚洲投资计划"项目组 《进出口经理人》2004,(12):62-62
2004年11月15~13日机电商会组织5名优秀学员赴德进行了为期8天的项目管理实地考察,至此,机电商会首次利用国外资金为会员企业举办的"国际项目管理高级经理培训班"全部圆满结束。此次包括授课、考试和实地考察在内的项目管理培训受到了企业学员的广泛好评并获得了欧盟有关方面的充分肯定。 相似文献
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The U.S. Customs and Border Protection reports that counterfeit goods seizures were up 83% in 2006. While a plethora of anti-counterfeiting strategies target distribution channels, international organizations, pirates, and company-based initiatives, few reports debate the effectiveness of these distinct anti-counterfeiting tactics to curb the problem. For this study we conducted in-depth interviews with United States managers to gauge the efficacy of various anti-counterfeiting tactics to preserve intellectual property rights. The results indicate that corporate managers find the practice of encouraging distributors to notify the manufacturer about counterfeits, as well as educating both employees and channel members about the counterfeit problem, to be some of the most effective ways to fight pirates. However, the managers report many other tactics are futile, including providing financial incentives for distributors to reject counterfeits and stressing the harmful effects of fake goods in advertising. We recommend a specific program that firms can employ to deter counterfeiting, including managing the registration of all trademarks and patents in key markets, establishing a company-based enforcement team, monitoring the growth of fakes through a central information repository, developing a muti-pronged action plan, and preparing to fight pirates through investigative work in conjunction with local law enforcement. 相似文献
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Timothy A. Lemper 《Business Horizons》2012,55(4):339-347
In today's environment, timing is a critical part of business strategy. Nowhere is this truer than as regards managing intellectual property in an increasingly global marketplace. The creation and protection of intellectual property assets often depends on consistently taking the right legal action at the right time. The consequences of failing to do so can be disastrous but may only be felt at a later time or in other markets. The difficulty for business people lies in the fact that the time-sensitive aspects of intellectual property cannot be managed effectively by relying on intuition or resolving to see a lawyer when the need arises. This article provides a basic primer on the critical role of timing in identifying, creating, and protecting intellectual property assets. It discusses the most common types of intellectual property—patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets—and compares the role of timing in the creation and protection of each asset type. Most importantly, it summarizes the key issues of timing in the creation and protection of intellectual property. 相似文献
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Gaétan de Rassenfosse 《Small Business Economics》2012,39(2):437-452
This paper seeks to understand how motives to patent affect the use of the patent portfolio with a particular focus on motives aimed at the monetization of intellectual property. The analysis relies on data from an international survey conducted by the European Patent Office. There are three main results. First, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) exhibit a much stronger reliance on ??monetary patents?? than large companies and nearly half of the SMEs in the sample patent for monetary reasons. Second, SMEs tend to use their patents more actively than large firms. Third, smaller companies generally have a higher proportion of their portfolio that is licensed, but the licensing rate is significantly higher in the USA. An American SME is twice as likely as a European SME to have a high share of its portfolio that is actually licensed, witnessing a fragmented market for technology in Europe. 相似文献
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Dapeng Cai 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(6):755-772
This article models a North–South negotiation where the North provides a quid pro quo in exchange for the strengthening of the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in the South. We show that when Northern and Southern firms compete on quantity in the Southern market, the South's optimal choice is either complete protection or complete violation, irrespective of different levels of IPR protection being available. We show this to depend on the Southern government's valuation of the quid pro quo and the Northern firm's level of technology. 相似文献
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《The Columbia journal of world business》1996,31(1):38-48
The American research-intensive pharmaceutical industry is the world's most successful and competitive and one of the crown jewels of the U.S. industrial base. Among the principal reasons for its success is an unparalleled commitment to research and development, which in turn yields an impressive array of advanced biomedical therapies. Intellectual property protection is a cornerstone of the industry's existence. Like other industries, such as computer software and audio/video recordings, a major portion of the industry's cost of production is incurred in the development stage, rendering unauthorized copying both easy and profitable. The GATT Uruguay Round and the North American Free Trade Agreement have set high standards for pharmaceutical and other industries' intellectual property protection. Unfortunately, there will be delays until numerous countries implement these standards. These delays harm both the industry worldwide and individual countries where patent protection would attract investment and stimulate research and development. 相似文献
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本文通过对谷歌退出中国大陆事件关于知识产权方面原因的分析,围绕我国网络知识产权的现状,提出关于现有存在的问题,提出应该改进的方面和未来的走向,以期我国知识产权尤其是网络知识产权更好的发展。 相似文献
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1984年洛杉矶奥运会富士公司耗费巨资成为该届奥运会的全球赞助商,柯达公司则首开奥运会埋伏营销先河。奥运会埋伏营销愈演愈烈的主要原因一是在于奥运的全球赞助"TOP"计划昂贵的入门费用,二是奥运会赞助计划运作体系的复杂。目前奥运会埋伏营销形态五花八门,包括直接侵害奥运标志、赞助赛事转播的主要媒体、赞助次类项目、赞助杰出的运动员、发动与赛事相关的广告战、进行与赛事相仿的促销活动、与没有竞争关系的赞助商合作、策划与赛事相仿的活动、利用赞助商尚未想到或无法涵盖的空白点等,世界各国奥林匹克知识产权保护意识也在不断强化,我国也出台了多项奥林匹克知识产权保护的相关规章,奥林匹克知识产权保护对埋伏营销的警示主要表现在:一是我国埋伏营销侵权法律规制还存在缺陷,二是应当建立清晰全面的赛事品牌保护计划,三是建立公众和企业的知识产权意识。 相似文献
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总体财务预警体系可以掌握企业的财务整体运作是否出现潜在的危机.分部门财务预警体系是按照企业的主要经营活动,它一方面能够辅助总体财务预警系统深入寻求财务问题产生的根源,另一方面促成企业综合效益的提高. 相似文献