企业负债管理与投资价值研究

文章从投资者的投资决策角度出发,在现有评价负债利用效应指标的基础上构建了3个财务指标综合反映企业负债管理状况。同时,为了验证指标对投资决策效用,使用指标对样本企业的负债使用效应进行分析,结果表明指标能够全面反映企业不同性质的负债对股东收益产生的影响效果,并能为投资者进行投资决策提供有效的决策工具。     

精确分析企业债务利用效应的三个财务指标

本文针对现有评价负债利用效应指标的不足,构建了三个财务指标全面反映企业对负债的利用效应,并使用三个指标对样本企业的负债利用效应进行分析,结果表明,三个指标能够准确反映企业总体负债、经营负债、金融负债及负债结构对股东收益产生的影响。     

探析负债分类的作用

负债是企业资金来源的一条重要途径，是会计的六大要素之一，也是企业会计核算和财务管理的重要内容。负债反映的信息非常丰富。为了正确地进行筹资决策，准确地反映企业的偿债能力，预警企业的财务风险，提高会计信息的实用性，还应从其他角度对负债的分类进行研究。１．负债按其偿还的手段可以分为“以现金资产清偿的负债”和“以非现金资产清偿的负债”。以现金资产清偿的负债，包括银行借款、应付债券、应付账款、应付票据、应付工资、应付福利费、应交税金等。这种负债到期时必然导致企业现金资产的流出。以非现金资产清偿的负债主要是…     

简介不确定会计事项在资产负债表中的揭示

资产负债表是反映企业某一特定日期资产、负债、所有者权益状况的报表。编制资产负债表的目的在于帮助投资者及债权人从事投资及信贷决策。为使债权人和投资者全面了解企业财务状况，要求企业所提供的资产负债表，既能反映已确定的，能以货币计量的会计事项，也能反映尚未确定，但对企业未来影响较大的会计事项，只有这样，才符合“全面反映”的会计原则，有助于债权人和投资者做出正确的决策。     

关于或有负债问题的探讨

或有负债是一种特殊的不确定性事项,随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展,或有负债普遍存在于企业的经营活动中,对财务会计信息以及经营决策的影响也越来越大,如何正确处理、合法披露或有负债越来越受到广大投资者和管理层的重视,本文从或有负债的概念和特征等基本内容做了分析,以及企业对或有负债处理存在的问题以及如何完善企业对或有负债处理等方面进行了相关的研究和分析.     

不同负债结构对负债治理效应的影响研究

本文从理论上分析了负债结构对负债治理效应的影响,并进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:负债治理整体上表现出负面效应。从负债期限结构角度看,短期负债与长期负债都呈现负面治理效应,且长期负债的负面效应较短期负债更强;从负债类别结构角度看,银行贷款呈现负面治理效应,而企业债券和商业信用则未表现出显著治理效应。     

或有事项中不利事项“可能性”问题研究

在或有事项中,企业所有者、经营者和投资者最为关注的是或有负债和预计负债,此两者统称为不利事项。本文从不利事项入手,区分或有负债和预计负债,挖掘现阶段其会计处理存在的问题,提出运用源头不同的信息,采用概率加权的方法判断其可能性。     

企业资产负债表的理性分析

资产负债袁是企业财务报告中的重要财务报表,采用恰当的方法和指标阅读和分析企业的资产负债表,以正确评价企业的财务状况、偿债能力,对于一个理性的或潜在的投资者而言是极其重要的。因此,资产负债表被视为是企业“第一”报表,资产负债表是反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表。是根据“资产=负债＋所有者权益”的会计恒等式来设计,并依照一定的分类标准和次序,把企业在特定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益会计要素予以适当排列编制而成。因此在解读资产负债表时,一方面应掌握有关项目数据所揭示的内涵,了解企业的财务状况和经营状况;另一方面,不能简单地根据表中数据下结论,而要进行深层次的分析,透过表面的数据洞悉事物的深层次含义。     

中小板公司经营负债杠杆与金融杠杆的效应比较

经营负债和金融负债因其性质、来源的不同,所形成财务杠杆对企业成长具有不同的效应。本文以2007年12月31日之前上市的100家中小板上市公司为研究对象,首先运用因子分析得出评价企业成长性的综合指标,再建立多元回归模型,检验两种财务杠杆对中小企业成长性的效应并加以比较,结论显示两种财务杠杆对中小企业成长性的影响的确存在差异,但并不显著。     

税收因素与企业投融资决策互动关系研究——以旅游上市公司为例

本文基于税收因素,首先在理论上分析了我国旅游上市公司负债融资与投资决策的互动关系,在此基础上,以在沪深股市上市的我国21家酒店旅游类上市公司为研究对象,从实证层面对理论假设进行了检验,从而回答了负债融资与投资决策基于税收因素和破产成本因素分别是如何产生相互关系的问题。     

IPO定价机制的随机微分分析

利用具有随机特征投资组合问题的最优投资策略,分析IPO定价机制对投资者的投资决策的影响,进而定性分析新股定价机制存在的问题和缺陷。从投资者投资决策最优化的角度指出我国IPO定价机制改革只有向完全市场化方向改变,才能提高投资者的投资理性,使我国的证券市场不断走向成熟,逐步缩小与发达国家之间的差距。     

董责险对企业非效率投资的抑制机理 ——基于监督与信号传递效应的共同中介作用

董事高管责任保险作为一种分散企业经营风险的工具,也是保险公司以非投资者身份参与上市公司治理的一种重要形式.本文以2007—2018年A股上市公司作为研究样本,运用中介效应分步检验法,研究表明董责险通过降低企业内部代理成本和加剧外部融资约束来抑制企业的非效率投资和过度投资行为,代理成本和融资约束在其中发挥部分中介作用,说明董责险一方面能够完善企业的监督机制,另一方面又向外界传递企业存在风险的信号.进一步检验发现,董事高管责任保险的抑制作用在成熟期企业和国有企业中表现得更加显著.本文为上市公司购买董责险、健全和完善公司治理机制提供参考.     

工业企业资本结构影响绩效的实证研究——辽宁省的实践

本文选取辽宁省1211家国有控股工业企业作为研究样本,对其资本结构、企业绩效进行了实证研究。结果发现:企业的资产负债率、长期负债率、短期负债率与总资产收益率在整体上均呈负相关关系,但当企业的长期负债率、短期负债率在不同比例时,企业的总资产收益率分别与其呈正相关关系。     

有限责任公司股权转让的法律分析

有限责任公司的资合性特点,要求公司资本能够自由流动,股权可以自由转让,其目的是使投资者收回投资成本;而它的人合性特点则是对其股东构成提出严厉要求,其中最主要的要求就是股东之间不能自由转让股份,而受到一些必要的限制,研究分析其中关系就显得尤为必要。     

Shareholder Heterogeneity and Conflicting Goals: Strategic Investments in the Japanese Electronics Industry

This article investigates the effects of the changing institutional environment on strategic orientations of Japanese electronics firms during the 1990s. We examine the effects of three different types of shareholders on strategic directions of their invested firms. The first one, foreign portfolio investors, characterizes the emerging influence that pressed for change in corporate strategies. The two domestic shareholders, corporate investors and financial institutions, represent the conventional forces for continuity. Between the two domestic forces, though, while corporate investors attempted to maintain status quo, financial institutions have shifted towards market‐oriented behaviour of investment. Specifically, we explore: (1) the influence of each type of shareholder on a firm's diversification strategy and capital commitment; and (2) the moderating effects of firm performance on the relationships between ownership structure and strategic choices. The results suggest that foreign investors prefer the focused product portfolio and conservative capital commitment. They also prefer the reduction of capital investment when the financial performance of their invested firms is poor. Domestic financial institutions are now similarly sensitive to the performance of their invested firms when those firms make strategic investments. By contrast, domestic corporate shareholders remain indifferent to performance, while they aim to maintain relational business ties with invested firms.     

A study of the efficiency of the Chinese clean energy stock market and its correlation with the crude oil market based on an asymmetric multifractal scaling behavior analysis

We examine the multifractal scaling behavior and market efficiency of China’s clean energy stock indexes using an asymmetric multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (A-MFDFA) and then investigate the tail correlation between this index and the crude oil market via an asymmetric multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (A-MFDCCA). First, we reveal that the overall, upward and downward trends of the clean energy stock indexes all have significant multifractal characteristics. The clean energy stock market is far from efficient regardless of whether the fluctuations are small or large. In addition, both upward and downward fluctuations exhibit considerable asymmetry. The significant gap between the downward and overall trends indicates that the downward trend following small-scale fluctuations implies weaker efficiency for investors. Furthermore,based on the sliding market deficiency measure (MDM),we find that the change in efficiency in the three trends significantly depends on the length of the window. In the short term, there is no significant efficiency difference among these three trends; however, in the long term, the asymmetry in the upward and downward trends has gradually increased,especially after December 2018. The results demonstrate that bear markets can offer considerably more opportunities for obtaining excess profits. Finally, we reveal that the cross-correlation between the trends of crude oil prices and low-carbon indexes exhibits significant multifractal characteristics. When the crude oil market is in a bull market or the low-carbon energy market is in a bear market, especially in a larger-scale fluctuation, investors should pay attention to the long-term influence of the counterparty market and carry out a hedging operation to avoid risks.     

Investor visits to corporate sites and cost stickiness

A corporate site visit is an effective way to obtain information on a firm. Most studies focus on the information advantages of corporate site visits, but evidence of their impact on firm operations is limited. In this paper, we investigate whether investors’ corporate site visits affect cost stickiness. Using data on investor corporate site visits to Chinese listed firms from 2013 to 2018, we find that these visits can inhibit cost stickiness. This finding holds in robustness tests and when controlling for endogeneity, including firm fixed effects, and using the Heckman selection model and the instrumental variables method. Further analyses reveal this inhibition is more pronounced for nonstate-owned enterprises and the results are more significant regarding cost stickiness in firms consuming nonlabor materials and firms visited by institutional investors. Moreover, we explore plausible mechanisms through which corporate site visits inhibit cost stickiness, such as through a monitoring channel and a learning channel. Our study contributes to academic evidence on the benefit and value of corporate site visits to firm operations, showing these visits can be a useful way to build connections between investors and firms.     

Optimal wage contracts under asymmetric information and moral hazard when investment decisions are delegated

I derive an optimal wage contract when risky investment decisions are delegated by riskaverse owners/investors to risk-neutral agents. The owners/investors do not know the probability distribution over the returns of any investment made by an agent. They know only the mean and the variance, and the upper and lower bounds of the return realizations of the different positive net present value (NPV) investment opportunities that can be discovered by their agents. They observe only the returns realized at the end of the period. Moral hazard with respect to investments made by agents, who are protected by limited liability, is also possible: an agent can falsely claim to have invested in one type of positive NPV investment opportunity and invest in another, or the agent can falsely claim to have invested in a positive NPV investment and invest in a negative NPV investment. I show that an optimal wage contract is simple under such conditions of severe asymmetric information and moral hazard. (JEL G20, G31)     

Accounting for Employee Stock Options: What Can We Learn from the Market's Perceptions?

The scope of this is paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the value relevance of employee stock options (ESOs) in Europe. We show, empirically, that the market participants when pricing a firm's equity place approximately the same valuation weights on the ESO‐deferred compensation expense (the so called “ESO asset”) and the compensation option liability (the so called “ESO liability”). Our empirical findings support the theoretical work of Ohlson and Penman who suggest that the deferred compensation expense be treated as a contra‐liability. The second contribution of our work rests on the nature of the ESO expense. We show that the distinction between persistent and non‐persistent ESO expenses is of critical importance for the market participants. Accordingly, an improved accounting disclosure should assist the investors in assessing the long‐term goals of the ESO plans at the firm level.     

Pricing chained dynamic fund protection

In this paper, we propose a new kind of dynamic fund protection (DFP). In contrast to the usual DFP, our newly developed DFP has two protection levels and protection is activated only when the value of underlying asset reaches upper protection levels. This kind of product has a structure similar to that of the chained barrier option proposed by Jun and Ku (2012). In this context, we name our newly designed equity-linked product as chained dynamic fund protection (CDFP). Buying CDFP can be advantageous for both vendors and investors compared to buy usual DFP. Relatively small downside risk for CDFP is beneficial for vendors. Also for investors, the price they cost for protection of CDFP is cheaper than that of usual DFP. Furthermore, investors can handle the price of protection by adjusting the level of upper protection as they desired. In this paper, we derive a closed-form formula for CDFP using reflection principle under Black–Scholes framework. Furthermore, we represent numerical results for values of CDFP according to various parameters.