Bank lending procyclicality and credit quality during financial crises

This paper analyses macroeconomic and financial determinants of bad loans applying a SVAR approach to investigate whether excessive loans granted during expansionary phases can explain the more than proportional increase in non-performing loans during contractionary periods. The results indicate that the effects of a permanent shock to bad loans on the excess of credit are significant and persistent for bad loans to firms, but not for bad loans to households or in the case of Cooperative Credit Banks, who adopt more efficient lending policies.     

Trade credit, bank lending and monetary policy transmission

This paper investigates the role of trade credit in the transmission of monetary policy. Most models of the transmission mechanism allow firms to access only financial markets or bank lending according to some net worth criterion. In our model we consider external finance from trade credit as an additional source of funding for firms that cannot obtain credit from banks. We predict that when monetary policy tightens there will be a reduction in bank lending relative to trade credit. This is confirmed with an empirical investigation of 16,000 UK manufacturing firms.     

Pricing in debit and credit card schemes

This paper presents a model of a debit or credit card payment scheme, providing a simple determination of the socially optimal structure of fees between those charged to cardholders and those charged to merchants.     

Small business lending and credit risk: Granger causality evidence

Because of their opaque nature, SMEs are overly reliant on bank lending. Therefore, we examine whether banks' credit supply to SMEs are affected by their financial conditions. To this end, we employ a Granger causality analysis to examine whether there is an indication of a significant direction of determination between SME lending and non-performing SME loans. The results reveal no bidirectional relationship between SME lending and NPL for the entire banking sector. For Islamic banks, however, we find two-way linkages between these two parameters: a negative causation is running both from SME lending to NPL growth and from NPL to SME lending. Given Islamic banks' deposit-oriented funding practices and their adherence to profit-and-loss sharing principles, this finding suggests the presence of heightened market discipline within the Islamic banking system.     

Why are credit card rates sticky?

Summary This paper investigates credit card rate stickiness using a screening model of consumer credit markets. In recent years, while the cost of funds has fallen, credit card rates have remained stubbornly high, spurring legislators to consider imposing interest rate ceilings on credit card rates. The model incorporates asymmetric information between consumers and banks, regarding consumers' future incomes. The unique equilibrium is one of two types: separating (in which low-risk consumers select a collateralized loan and high-risk consumers select a credit card loan), or pooling (in which both types of consumers choose credit card loans). I show that a change in the banks' cost of funds can have an ambiguous effect on the credit card rate, so that the credit card rate need not fall when the cost of funds does. Usury ceilings on credit card rates are detrimental to consumer welfare, so would be counter to their legislative intent.I thank George Mailath, Paul Calem, Gerhard Clemenz, Sally Davies, George Kanatas, Leonard Nakamura, Tony Santomero, Tony Saunders, participants in the 1990 Financial Management Association Meetings, and co-editor Michael Woodford for helpful comments.The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System.     

浅议信用卡交易的运作模式

本文试从分析信用卡组织及商业银行在从事信用卡业务过程中发生的成本与从该业务中获得的收益入手,逐步分析勾勒出信用卡运行体系的框架,说明信用卡交换费的制定在整个信用卡交易体系中处于中心位置,对整个体系的运作效率有着重要的影响.     

Profitable credit card business empirical analysis of factors

Since 1995, major domestic commercial banks are beginning to have a variety of credit cards issued. However, at present, China＇s relatively low profitability of the credit card business, it accounts for a smaller proportion of total bank income. By means of credit card revenue／cost structure analysis, the authors found spending and overdraft balances affecting credit card business, an important factor in profitability. At the same time, combined with a commercial bank＇s existing statistical data, using SPSS software correlation and regression analysis, the authors found that the key to improve the bank card revenue is to raise China＇s commercial banks, credit card revolving credit utilization, and expand the scale of overdraft balances.     

浅议信用卡交易的运作模式

本文试从分析信用卡组织及商业银行在从事信用卡业务过程中发生的成本与从该业务中获得的收益入手，逐步分析勾勒出信用卡运行体系的框架，说明信用卡交换费的制定在整个信用卡交易体系中处于中心位置，对整个体系的运作效率有着重要的影响。     

试论恶意透支信用卡犯罪及其立法完善

恶意透支犯罪是当前经济领域中利用信用卡作为犯罪工具的一种犯罪，是信用卡诈骗罪最常见的一种表现形式，其特征相对其他信用卡犯罪有特殊之处，因此有必要对恶意透支进行分析，予以准确界定，以便协调立法冲突。本文围绕恶意透支信用卡犯罪中的一些疑难问题做了探讨，并为完善立法提出了建议，以求共识。     

试论恶意透支信用卡犯罪及其立法完善

恶意透支犯罪是当前经济领域中利用信用卡作为犯罪工具的一种犯罪,是信用卡诈骗罪最常见的一种表现形式,其特征相对其他信用卡犯罪有特殊之处,因此有必要对恶意透支进行分析,予以准确界定,以便协调立法冲突.本文围绕恶意透支信用卡犯罪中的一些疑难问题做了探讨,并为完善立法提出了建议,以求共识.     

The regulation of merchant fees in credit card markets

Journal of Regulatory Economics - This paper provides a theory on how to regulate the level of merchant fees in credit card markets. In particular, we discuss how to regulate the merchant fee in a...     

互联网金融对银行信用卡业务的冲击和挑战

李克强总理在2014年政府工作报告中指出：“促进互联网金融健康发展,完善金融监管协调机制,密切监测跨境资本流动,守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险的底线。”互联网金融的概念首次进入政府工作报告,一方面反映了互联网金融有着巨大的发展潜力;另一方面也反映出互联网金融对传统金融领域产生了巨大的震颤,已受到中央决策层高度重视。介绍互联网金融的内涵及特征,我国商业银行信用卡的发展历程和盈利模式,着重分析互联网金融对信用卡业务带来的冲击以及商业银行的应对策略。     

The no-surcharge rule and surcharging behaviours in credit card markets

We investigate the welfare implications of banning the no-surcharge rule (NSR) in credit card markets. In particular, we introduce a governance mechanism alteration and merchants' heterogeneity into the model of Wright (2003). In doing so, we find two market forces exist in the transition of lifting the NSR. The first force is the classical double marginalisation because of merchants being able to deliberately impose a surcharge. The second force arises from a market structure change that merchants, who did not accept credit cards payments, do accept afterwards. Our model shows that the welfare implication hinges on the relative magnitudes of both market forces. More importantly, this article provides an explanation for the surcharging behaviours of merchants in Australia after the removal of the NSR in 2003, which have not been explained in the literature.     

浅论基于积分的信用卡客户忠诚度管理

随着我国信用卡市场客户规模的不断增大,如何利用积分进行客户忠诚度管理进而提高盈利能力,成为各家银行关注的重点。对客户忠诚度管理的理论及关键要素进行了回顾,并对如何从积分礼品价值、积分获取途径、积分兑换方式、积分兑换渠道、积分兑换比例及差异化服务等六个方面进行积分管理创新,进而提高客户忠诚度进行了重点阐述。     

Credit card debt and consumption: evidence from household-level data

This research investigates the relationship between credit card debt and consumption using household level data. This is a departure from the previous studies which have used aggregate measures of consumption and general debt such as the Debt Service Ratio or total revolving credit. We use a detailed monthly survey of credit card use to impute credit card debt to respondents from the Consumer Expenditure Survey sample. In contrast to some earlier studies using aggregate data, we find a negative relationship between debt and consumption growth. Our work shows that a $1000 increase in credit card debt results in a decrease in quarterly consumption growth of almost 2%. Investigations are also made into effects of debt within different age categories and into the impact of expected income growth on the debt–consumption relationship.     

Evaluating credit risk and loan performance in online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending

Online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending has emerged recently. This micro loan market could offer certain benefits to both borrowers and lenders. Using data from the Lending Club, which is one of the popular online P2P lending houses, this article explores the P2P loan characteristics, evaluates their credit risk and measures loan performances. We find that credit grade, debt-to-income ratio, FICO score and revolving line utilization play an important role in loan defaults. Loans with lower credit grade and longer duration are associated with high mortality rate. The result is consistent with the Cox Proportional Hazard test which suggests that the hazard rate or the likelihood of the loan default increases with the credit risk of the borrowers. Finally, we find that higher interest rates charged on the high-risk borrowers are not enough to compensate for higher probability of the loan default. The Lending Club must find ways to attract high FICO score and high-income borrowers in order to sustain their businesses.     

Rational exuberance at the mall: addiction to carrying a credit card balance

The Becker-Murphy model of rational addiction is tested with New Zealand credit card debt data. The results clearly favour the rational addiction model over the myopic, backward-looking model. The estimated short-run and long-run price elasticities are ?0.58 and ?2.32 respectively, and the estimated rate of time-preference is 6.7% per quarter.     

我国商业银行信用卡业务发展对策研究

随着经济全球化,我国市场经济与世界接轨,我国的市场经济发展不断加速,金融体制的改革也逐渐深入。为使商业银行能够更好地辅助我国经济发展以及促进商行自身的进步,商业银行开始战略转型。我国商业银行中间业务开始逐渐显现自己的优势,甚至有超越传统业务的趋势,而信用卡业务作为商业银行重要的中间业务,成为商业银行盈利的重要业务。信用卡业务较传统业务有高风险、高收益的特点,同时信用卡业务发展过程中也不断出现新的问题,应受到高度重视。