中外专家谈全球宏观政策协调

俄罗斯文明对话研究所创始人和监事会主席、莫斯科国立大学国家治理系主任弗拉基米尔·雅库宁: 基础设施发展是关键要素和环节 在结构性改革和发展的过程中,世界范围内仍然面临很多不确定性.全球化一词仍被大家提及,并没有被人们淡忘.但由于技术发展,全球化也发生了变化.比如政治、体制的变化在全球仍然占据着非常重要的作用.     

外汇买卖系统的设计与实现

一、概况 随着我国对外贸易的发展,境内居民外汇存款呈稳步增长趋势.然而,美联储连续降息,我国外汇利率也随之不断降低,居民外汇存款收益不断减少,居民参与外汇买卖的热情日益高涨.     

Free trade agreements and market integration: Evidence from South Korea

We consider the effects of free trade agreements on market integration between South Korea and its solo and trade-bloc FTA partners. Free trade agreements should reduce tariffs and trade costs and lead to faster home-to-foreign price convergence. We investigate these ideas with a non-linear self-exciting threshold autoregressive (TAR) model, by introducing a threshold break at the effective FTA date. This strategy allows us to consider: (1) whether trade costs have declined after the free trade agreement; and (2) whether the speed of mean reversion in the home-foreign price differential is faster after the FTA. Our study includes nine of South Korea’s free trade agreements and covers twenty-eight partner countries. We find evidence that after free trade agreements, trade costs have been reduced for nine countries, providing evidence that greater market integration has been achieved on this score. However, evidence on whether the speed of home-to-foreign price convergence increases after free trade agreements is lacking.     

完善退税机制促进外贸持续发展

现行增值税分配体制是产生出口欠退税问题的根源,而出口退税的指标管理制度是产生出口退欠税问题的直接原因。完善措施有三:一是改革增值税的分配体制,逐步取消预算对退税的指标管理;二是加快信息化建设的步伐,实行信息资源共享;三是解决退税资金短缺的问题。     

Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: free trade agreements and transfer pricing

International Tax and Public Finance - We explore the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. The...     

发展中的大连对外经贸

在二十多年对外开放实践中,大连已学会并习惯了国际化城市标准经营城市,成就了大连良好的投资软硬环境的城市形象。     

Accounting for human rights: The challenge of globalization and foreign investment agreements

The triumph of neoliberalism has promoted trade and investment as the dominant routes to economic and social development. This has further enhanced the power of transnational corporations. Developing countries are increasingly expected to secure foreign investment to stimulate their economies and lift the local population out of poverty. However, foreign investment also has implications for protection and enjoyment of human rights. Transnational corporations manage their risks by imposing stabilization clauses on host countries that constrain their ability to protect and enhance human rights. Conventional accounting and corporate social responsibility reports seem to be unable to respond to the emerging agenda on human rights. This paper seeks to stimulate debates about the protection and enjoyment of human rights by drawing attention to the way corporations constrain governments and people through clauses in investment agreements. Some evidence is provided through an examination of an investment agreement relating to the Chad–Cameroon oil and pipeline project. The paper calls for the production of counter accounts to challenge the hegemony of corporations and create spaces for the enjoyment of human rights.     

Comparing system visions of farmers and experts

The goal of this paper is to identify farmers’ future in terms of the pesticide management of potato growing farmers in Vereda la Hoya (Boyacá, Colombia).To achieve this goal we applied the Future-Structured Mental Model Approach (Future-SMMA) and interviewed 10 farmers concerning their future perspectives and expectations to derive their future visions. Subsequently, 10 experts were interviewed about the feasibility and the consequences of farmers’ future visions.Applying the Future-SMMA, we analyzed farmers’ future visions and found that farmers take account of social and environmental threats and that their visions are optimistic. In addition we compared farmers’ and experts’ perceptions of external constraints on farmers’ future and discovered that the future visions of farmers and experts were inconsistent. Finally, we determined how farmers’ livelihood assets and self-perception influence the formation of farmers’ future visions and found that the more a person was able to differentiate his livelihood assets the more differentiated were the future visions of that person.In discussing our findings, we deduce that the inconsistency of future visions found is due to diverging attitudes towards future scenarios and differing opinions about who should take responsibility for the knowledge management of farmers.     

Foreign direct investment,foreign trade and environment: New evidence from simultaneous-equation system of gravity models

Since the early 90s, after the implementation of various regulatory multinational agreements, debates about the impacts of environmental quality on international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have been increased considerably. This article tackles this issue for 14 home countries and 39 host countries for 6 Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) over the period 1990–2011 by using gravity models. We also used simultaneous-equation system of gravity models in order to investigate the two-way linkages between trade and FDI in the presence of environmental degradation. Our main findings suggest that the impact of the environmental degradation on trade is negative and significant only for the static estimation. However, the impact of the environmental degradation on FDI is negative and insignificant for both static and dynamic estimations. The results also show that there exists a unidirectional causal relationship running from trade to FDI.     

Domestic and foreign trade credit in the Netherlands an econometric analysis

In this study the determinants of both domestic and foreign trade credit are investigated. Data were obtained from about 1600 industrial firms in The Netherlands with 100 or more employees and covering the period 1957–1971. The main findings are as follows. In the first place, (net) trade credit turns out to be a structural source of funds for the weaker firms in the simple. Secondly, these weaker firms receive more (net) trade credit when monetary policy is tightened (this could be an argument for the authorities to pursue a general monetary policy). Finally, it appears that it is especially the buyer (debtor) who may ‘lead’ or ‘lag’ international payments in the short run.