基于就业胜任力的大学生就业管理研究

文章以大学生教育为主线,以提高大学生就业胜任力为目的,反思目前我国高校毕业生就业管理机制存在的问题,从大学生就业价值观、大学生人本教育理念2个方面提出适应我国高校就业管理工作的新模式,从而期望以更为科学有效的方式开展高校毕业生就业指导工作,提高毕业生就业能力,解决毕业生就业问题。     

高校大学生思想工作渗透感恩教育探析

高校学生思想教育工作渗透感恩教育内容,既是高等教育本身的目的,也是目前大学生感恩观念缺失的需要;要明确对大学生感恩教育的内容,在高校思想教育工作的各个环节中有效地渗透感恩教育,以培养大学生健康的生命价值观。     

基于就业胜任力的大学生就业管理研究

文章以大学生教育为主线,以提高大学生就业胜任力为目的,反思目前我国高校毕业生就业管理机制存在的问题,从大学生就业价值观、大学生人本教育理念2个方面提出适应我国高校就业管理工作的新模式,从而期望以更为科学有效的方式开展高校毕业生就业指导工作,提高毕业生就业能力,解决毕业生就业问题。     

A suggested methodology for calculating the cost of university graduates

Costs are the valuations placed on the use of resources; they include operating and opportunity costs. As such they vary according to one's orientation. In higher education, costs can be evaluated from the point of view of three entities: the university as an economic firm (institutional cost); the students as private individuals (private cost); and society at large (social cost). This paper considers the institutional costs of higher education.Based on a hypothetical college model, two methodologies are suggested for evaluating the institutional costs in the “production’ of university graduates. The net-value-added method assumes that the cost of dropouts is inherent in the cost of graduates. The cost-per-student-year method assumes that dropouts and graduates are joint products of the educational system each with their own separate costs.The application of the two cost models is demonstrated with empirical data based on the University of Mosul in Iraq. The implications of the suggested methodologies for institutions with diverse specializations, high dropout rates, or large proportions of transfer students are also discussed.     

Has Federal Student Aid Contributed to Equality in Higher Education?

ABSTRACT. TO analyze the effect of federal student aid on the structure of the higher educational system, an index of inequality of access is developed It measures the differences in the distribution of income of entering students , as compared to the U S distribution of income at thirteen different categories of institutions Its application shows that structural inequality exists in the nation's system of higher education and that while some improvements occurred in the 1970s, especially at the bottom of the system, by 1986 most of these gains had been eliminated When these indices were regressed against per capita federal student financial aid , relative student costs , and variables reflecting changes in the larger economy, using time series data, the aid variables show little or no statistical effect on the structural inequality of the nation's system of higher education, as measured by the index of inequality On the other hand, the cost variable generally has strong effect The general economic variables occasionally have significant effect     

Exploring a New Kind of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics

The future of China's system of higher education will depend on which aspects of its past are most highly valued. This article explores the history of higher education in China from its ancient academies to the modern Western‐influenced university. Although the May Fourth Movement of 1919 recommended the complete elimination of traditional elements in Chinese culture, the past century has revealed problems with the wholesale embrace of Western institutions. Modern higher education, based first on European models and later on American colleges and universities, has been a major part of the transformation of China in the past century. But cracks have appeared in the façade. The balance between tradition and innovation has been lost, students are being produced by universities like products of a factory assembly line, and college graduates often remain unemployed or underemployed for years after completing a degree. To remedy this condition, a number of reformers in China are looking to the past for answers. The article discusses both official and private experiments with “organic” educational programs that aim at creating well‐rounded persons, not merely students crammed with facts. A number of these new programs combine physical work with academic study as a reminder that life is a balance between mental and physical factors. More generally, the reform of modern education reclaims elements of the Chinese tradition that have been neglected, elements that recognize that education should ultimately aim at cultivating wisdom and not merely at accumulating knowledge.     

The long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad economy

This paper studies the labor market experiences of white-male college graduates as a function of economic conditions at time of college graduation. I use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth whose respondents graduated from college between 1979 and 1989. I estimate the effects of both national and state economic conditions at time of college graduation on labor market outcomes for the first two decades of a career. Because timing and location of college graduation could potentially be affected by economic conditions, I also instrument for the college unemployment rate using year of birth (state of residence at an early age for the state analysis). I find large, negative wage effects of graduating in a worse economy which persist for the entire period studied. I also find that cohorts who graduate in worse national economies are in lower-level occupations, have slightly higher tenure and higher educational attainment, while labor supply is unaffected. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that the labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad economy are large, negative and persistent.     

论大学生职前教育的培养

大学生就业难受到社会普遍关注,如何能让毕业生尽快的从学生转变为职场精英,适应日益激烈的社会竞争,是大学培养人才一个不可忽视的问题。因此,大学生职前教育的培养十分重要的。本文就大学生职前教育的培养方面进行论述,重点强调大学生职前教育的重要性,通过对国内外大学生职前教育的现状进行分析,探讨适合我国国情发展的模式,旨在呼吁社会、政府及家庭关注大学生职前教育,与高校共同完成大学生职前教育的模式规划,为社会就业大环境的改善创造积极意义。     

当前大学生职业生涯规划教育存在的问题与对策分析——以黑龙江科技学院例

随着高校扩招以及经济大环境的不断起伏,大学生的就业越来越受到社会各界的关注,目前的毕业生就业市场上出现了很多"先就业后择业"的情况发生,当前国内很多高校已经开展了职业生涯规划教育等课程,本文以黑龙江科技学院开展职业生涯规划教育课程为例,以问卷调查的方式分析了当前大学生职业生涯规划教育存在的问题及其对策。     

通货膨胀、财富波动对利润率的影响——利润率是上升还是下降？

从价格角度构建利润率公式,并证明了通货膨胀可以提高利润率。进一步分析发现,通货膨胀是资本保持与提高剩余价值的重要方式,然而利润率的实现并不容易,金融创新通过债务创造的模式改善了利润率的实现路径,减缓了利润率的下降,维持了经济繁荣。但这会推动企业与私人的债务相对过量,金融创新在推动财富（债务）增长的同时,也扩大了贫富差距。而财富的增长又需要更高的利润率支撑,这就减缓了资本的积累,强化了财富与利润率的双向波动,使得经济与金融危机更容易发生。另外,利润率也可以作为解释各种类型通货膨胀的基础理论。     

Disaggregate Wealth and Aggregate Consumption: an Investigation of Empirical Relationships for the G7*

To date, studies of wealth effects on consumption have mainly used aggregate wealth definitions on a single‐country basis. This study seeks to break new ground by analysing disaggregated financial wealth in consumption functions for G7 countries. Contrary to earlier empirical work, we find that illiquid financial wealth (i.e. securities, pensions and mortgage debt) tends to be a more important long‐run determinant of consumption than liquid financial wealth. These results imply potential instability in consumption functions employing aggregate wealth. Our results are robust using SURE; when testing with a nested specification; and when using a linear model.     

Incentive Effects in Higher Education: an Improved Funding Model for Universities

We examine the incentive effects of risk‐sharing between student and university in the English higher education system. The ‘graduate premium’ has been widely reported and has been used to justify rising higher education participation and increased individual or governmental expenditure. But this premium is simply the mean of a wide distribution, varying, inter alia, by subject, institution, year of graduation and individual. We assume that universities exist in a state of monopolistic competition and are subject to a budget constraint. Using US college data we find evidence suggesting that a funding model which incorporates risk‐sharing improves the efficiency of educational delivery while maintaining subject diversity and access.     

校园网络建设与大学生思想政治教育

随着计算机网络技术的发展,互联网已经开始在各高校中普及,并逐渐成为大学生学习、生活中不可或缺的一部分。但是,由此也产生了一些新的问题,如网络的制度问题、道德问题,这些问题不可避免地对高校的教育尤其是对大学生的思想政治教育产生了一定的影响。因此,如何适应网络时代的发展,让校园网络建设为大学生的思想政治教育服务是现今大学生德育工作必须解决的一个重要问题。     

Is Improving Access to University Enough? Socio‐Economic Gaps in the Earnings of English Graduates

Much research and policy attention has been on socio‐economic gaps in participation at university, but less attention has been paid to socio‐economic gaps in graduates’ earnings. This paper addresses this shortfall using tax and student loan administrative data to investigate the variation in earnings of English graduates by socio‐economic background. We find that graduates from higher income families (with median income of around 77,000) have average earnings which are 20% higher than those from lower income families (with median income of around £26,000). Once we condition on institution and subject choices, this premium roughly halves, to around 10%. The premium grows with age and is larger for men, in particular for men at the most selective universities. We estimate the extent to which different institutions and subjects appear to deliver good earnings for relatively less well off students, highlighting the strong performance of medicine, economics, law, business, engineering, technology and computer science, as well as the prominent London‐based universities.     

The Crisis in Public Higher Education: A New Perspective

Public higher education in the United States is being challenged, as never before, by numerous conditions that need to be addressed if the public college and university systems are to survive and fulfill their responsibilities to the American public. Student enrollment at these institutions has been on a significant downward trend for a full decade. There has been a discernible decline in the esteem with which the American public holds higher education. There are numerous dimensions to this phenomenon. In this brief article, we focus on only three dimensions of the problem: escalating college costs; mounting student debt; and the failures of boards of trustees to act as fiduciaries representing the interests of students, parents, and citizens. Once we address these issues broadly, we offer feasible solutions that could improve the circumstances surrounding public higher education and enable it to chart a new course.     

基于专业引导下的大学生自我管理模式研究

随着社会的发展和高等教育观念的变革,高校传统的学生管理模式已经不能够满足社会对人才培养的要求。基于专业引导的大学生自我管理模式通过寻求专业教育、教学管理、学生管理三者的契合点,在自我管理的各个环节上与教学活动相适应,充分激发每个学生的潜质,有助于全方位提升学生的学习能力、自我管理能力和创新能力。     

The “Bologna Process” and college enrollment decisions

We use survey data on high school graduates before and after the Italian reform of tertiary education implementing the “Bologna Process” to estimate its impact on college enrollment. Individuals leaving school after the reform have a probability of enrollment that is 15% higher compared to otherwise identical individuals. This increase is concentrated among individuals with good school performance and low parental background. We interpret this result as an indication of the existence of constraints – for good students from less advantaged households – on the optimal schooling decision. We also find a small negative impact of the reform on university drop-out.     

浅谈新时期高校辅导员应具备的基本能力

随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和教育事业的不断完善,对于辅导员的要求也在逐年的提高,由于辅导员在大学生整个在校期间起着至关重要的作用,这支队伍的素质也显得是异常重要。当前时代的发展辅导员已经不再是简单的学生管理者身份,他们更多的承担了科研、教学等方面的任务,他们工作的好坏将直接影响到高校的教学质量和学生未来的发展,因而高校对于辅导员能力的要求,也愈发显得越来越高和越来越细化。     

Leadership,governance, and perceptions of trust in the higher education industry

This article presents a trust‐centered, integrated model for achieving educational excellence in the higher education industry with focus on governing boards and strategies for academic quality and financial performance. The discussion includes leadership themes and strategies on development of teacher‐leaders, creating a culture of shared leadership and effective governance for performance outcomes, robust evaluations of student‐learning assessments for continuous improvement, and strategic leadership in the implementation of high‐quality programs. Perceptions of trust form the foundation of the integrated model with influences of personality, culture, motivation, values, reliability, competence, and intuition. Trust among board trustees is essential for creating collaborative environments for innovative change and educational performance excellence. Collaborative environments promote a sense of shared leadership and governance to encourage innovation and performance excellence at all levels within the educational institution.     

“三风”建设背景下“以人为本”工作浅谈

班主任作为大学生思想教育和管理工作的主要领导者和实施者,对大学生成才起着至关重要的作用。班主任和学生是教育活动中矛盾统一体的两个方面,彼此既相互依存、相互制约、又相互促进。班主任将学生作为教育活动的出发点和归宿,确立"以人为本"的工作理念,不仅符合学生"自我实现"的心理需要,发挥学生的潜力,实现学生由依赖性向独立性的顺利过渡,而且有利于促进高校学生工作的健康发展。